帕瑞昔布钠联合地佐辛预防瑞芬太尼和七氟醚复合麻醉术后小儿躁动的效果

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠联合地佐辛在预防治瑞芬太尼和七氟醚复合麻醉术后小儿躁动的效果。方法将40例拟气管内全麻下腹腔镜鞘状突高位结扎术的患儿随机分为对照组和观察组各20例。对照组和观察组使用的麻醉诱导和维持方法相同,只是观察组在诱导插管后加静注帕瑞昔布钠0.6 mg/kg,地佐辛0.4 mg/kg。记录两组麻醉时间、手术时间、术后拔管时间、苏醒时间和离室时间;两组患儿躁动评分(RS)和疼痛评分(VAS);拔管后恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制和低氧血症的发生率。结果两组患儿麻醉时间、手术时间、术后拔管时间和停留室间时间无统计学差异(p>0.05);观察组患儿的躁动评分和疼痛评分明显低于对照组(p<0.05);苏醒期间观察组的不良反应人数明显低于对照组(p<0.05)。结论诱导插管后追加注射帕瑞昔布钠0.6 mg/kg和地佐辛0.4 mg/10 kg预防小儿腹腔镜术后瑞芬太尼和七氟醚引发的躁动效果显著。     

异丙酚联合瑞芬太尼在老年高血压患者手术麻醉中的应用效果

目的探讨异丙酚联合瑞芬太尼应用于老年高血压患者手术麻醉中的效果。方法选择我院2009年7月至2012年7月行胆囊切除术的老年高血压患者100例,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组采用异丙酚联合瑞芬太尼麻醉维持,对照组采用异丙酚麻醉维持,比较两组的麻醉效果。结果观察组麻醉优良率98．0％（49／50）,显著高于对照组的84．0％（42／50）,拔管时间和苏醒评分均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论异丙酚联合瑞芬太尼应用于老年高血压患者手术麻醉中效果确切。     

瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚在甲状腺切除手术中的麻醉效果研究

目的研究瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚在甲状腺切除手术中的麻醉效果。方法对2011年2月~2012年10月我院入院治疗的102例甲状腺切除手术患者进行了研究,随机分为两组,对照组患者采用持续静脉泵注异丙酚联合推注芬太尼维持麻醉,治疗组采用持续静脉泵注瑞芬太尼以及异丙酚维持麻醉,比较两组患者的血液动力学变化、镇痛效果以及苏醒情况。结果治疗组患者在不同时间点的MAP以及HR均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组患者在不同时间点的镇痛效果（VAS评分）明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组患者意识恢复、自主呼吸等恢复时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼联合异丙酚可以明显的降低对患者的影响,镇痛效果更好,恢复更迅速,值得推广应用。     

Achondroplasia: anaesthetic challenges for caesarean section

Pregnancy in women with achondroplasia presents major challenges for anaesthetists and obstetricians. We report the case of a woman with achondroplasia who underwent general anaesthesia for an elective caesarean section. She was 99 cm in height and her condition was further complicated by severe kyphoscoliosis and previous back surgery. She was reviewed in the first trimester at the anaesthetic high-risk clinic. A multidisciplinary team was convened to plan her peripartum care. Because of increasing dyspnoea caesarean section was performed at 32 weeks of gestation. She received a general anaesthetic using a modified rapid-sequence technique with remifentanil and rocuronium. The intraoperative period was complicated by desaturation and high airway pressures. The woman’s postoperative care was complicated by respiratory compromise requiring high dependency care.     

Remifentanil for INSURE in preterm infants: a pilot study for evaluation of efficacy and safety aspects

Aim:  To evaluate intubating conditions, extubation times and outcome in preterm infants receiving remifentanil as induction agent for the INSURE procedure.
Methods:  In twenty-one preterm infants of 29 to 32 weeks gestation and signs of respiratory distress, we utilized remifentanil as induction agent for the INSURE procedure. Following intubation and surfactant application, the infants were mechanically ventilated until respiratory drive was judged to be satisfactory for continuing CPAP therapy. Intubating conditions were classified by our own scoring system by rating limb movements, coughing and breathing. Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were recorded during the entire INSURE procedure.
Results:  Remifentanil provided excellent or good intubating conditions in all patients. We observed no serious side effects after remifentanil infusion, in particular, no thorax rigidity, clinically significant bradycardia or arterial hypotension. Average extubation time after surfactant administration was 16.9 min (1–45 min); none of the infants had to be reintubated. Following extubation, the infants required only 3.3 days (1–8 days) of CPAP therapy. None exhibited serious complications of prematurity like periventricular leucomalacia, intraventricular haemorrhage >I°, necrotizing enterocolitis or retinopathy.
Conclusion:  In this pilot study, INSURE with remifentanil was associated with good intubating conditions and early extubation resulting in an excellent neonatal outcome.     

瑞芬太尼在器官功能不全患者中的应用

瑞芬太尼是一种人工合成的新型超短效的μ阿片受体激动剂,结构式中因含有一个酯的结构,极易被体内酯酶迅速水解。其受年龄、性别和体质量的影响较小,甚至不依赖于肝、肾功能。半衰期极短,持续静脉滴注不产生蓄积作用,不良反应小,为一种较理想的高效、速效、短效的麻醉性镇痛药。现就瑞芬太尼在器官功能不全患者中的应用进行综述。     

舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼在脑功能区手术唤醒麻醉中的临床比较

目的探讨舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚麻醉结合喉罩技术用于脑功能区手术唤醒麻醉的可行性,并比较舒芬太尼与瑞芬太尼应用于脑功能区手术唤醒麻醉的临床效果。方法 40例择期行脑功能区手术的患者,丙泊酚麻醉诱导后,随机分为舒芬太尼组(SF)和瑞芬太尼组(RF),每组20例。观察各组患者血流动力学变化、唤醒时间、唤醒质量和唤醒期间相关并发症的发生率。结果诱导后、插喉罩后及切皮时各组血压和心率均明显低于基础值(P<0.01或P<0.05);RF组唤醒后的心率和血压及SF组心率明显高于基础值(P<0.01),苏醒时SF组血压明显低于RF组(P<0.05)。2组均能在较短时间内唤醒患者。结论舒芬太尼联合丙泊酚麻醉结合喉罩通气能很好应用于脑功能区手术唤醒麻醉;与瑞芬太尼相比,舒芬太尼在脑功能区手术唤醒麻醉的唤醒质量及血流动力学稳定的维持方面有一定的优势。     

Remifentanil in neonatal intensive care and anaesthesia practice

Remifentanil is a relatively new ultrashort action synthetic opioid. Studies on the use of remifentanil in neonatology have emerged demonstrating its effectiveness and safety in neonates. The present study describes the use of remifentanil in both full‐term and premature newborns, highlighting the theoretical benefits for this population in terms of both neonatal intensive care and anaesthesia. A Medline search was undertaken of all reviews and reports about the use of remifentanil in neonates published between 1996 and 2009 using MeSH search terms ‘remifentanil’, ‘analgesia’, ‘anaesthesia’, ‘newborn’ and ‘neonate’. The review points that remifentanil has been used with advantages in newborns including preterm neonates and even for foetal anaesthesia. It proved to be a good option to attenuate the hemodynamic/endocrine markers of stress related to surgery. Owing to its unique pharmacokinetic profile, shorter extubation times can be achieved what makes the drug also a good option for short duration invasive procedures in NICUs (InSurE). A concern on its use is that the hemodynamic response (hypotension) may become significant when the drug is associated to other drugs like sevoflurane. Conclusion: Remifentanil seems to be an effective and safely used opioid for neonatal intensive care and anaesthesia practice.     

臂丛阻滞麻醉的不良反应分析

目的探讨臂丛阻滞麻醉的不良反应。方法选取我院2011年10月—2012年10月收治的100例各类锁骨、上肢手术等需行臂丛神经阻滞的能够合作的患者,作为观察组;同时选取同期应用瑞芬太尼麻醉的100例患者作为对照组,观察两组患者的治疗情况及不良反应发生率。结果观察组出现10例不良反应患者,主要表现为局麻药中毒反应、气胸、霍纳氏综合征等;对照组出现12例不良反应患者,主要表现为恶心呕吐、寒战、低血压、疼痛等。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论臂丛阻滞麻醉在一般情况下能够起到比较好的麻醉效果,临床实践中出现的不良反应一定要仔细对待,只有对症处理,才能够降低不良反应造成的损伤。     

不同药物术后静脉自控镇痛效果和对免疫功能的影响

目的 比较吗啡、曲马多、芬太尼和雷米芬太尼术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的临床效果及其副作用.方法 140例腹部手术患者,随机分为吗啡(M)组、曲马多(T)组、芬太尼(F)组、雷米芬太尼(R)组.记录不同时段的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、24 h的按压次数、胃肠功能恢复时间、镇痛满意度及不良反应发生情况;同时检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-2和可溶性IL-2受体(sIL-2R)水平.结果 F组的镇痛效果最为理想,且副作用和免疫抑制现象亦较少(P＜0.05).M组不良反应发生率高达37.5%(P＜0.05),且有更明显的免疫抑制现象(P＜0.05).T镇痛时间较短,有效按压次数略高于其他三组(P＜0.05).结论 芬太尼术后静脉PCIA的临床效果理想,副作用和免疫抑制的发生率低.