The kappa-opioid U-50,488H suppresses the initiation of nocturnal spontaneous drinking in normally hydrated rats

The effect of a systemic (IP) treatment with 1.0, 3.0 and 9.0 mg/kg U-50,488H (U50), a highly selective kappa-agonist, on spontaneous, nocturnal ingestive behavior of the rat was studied using a microcomputer controlled data acquisition system. The latency to initiate drinking was increased and drinking behavior was suppressed in the first hour after injection in a dose-dependent manner. The consummatory indices of drinking were not affected. After this period of adipsia, a phase of polydipsia, that was probably due to the diuretic effect of U50, was evident. The prophagic effect of U50 was evident only at the dose of 3 mg/kg and was accompanied by an increased duration of feeding episodes but not by a reduced latency to feed. These results suggest that kappa-receptors play a pivotal role in modulating spontaneous drinking in the normally hydrated rat and that this control is mainly exerted on the motivational aspect of drinking.     

Wistar大鼠运动皮层代表区的微刺激测定

在１５例氯胺酮麻醉的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠利用皮层内微刺激技术测定了躯体的运动皮层代表区。电刺激为３５０Ｈｚ的阴极串脉冲，电流最大值限为８０μＡ。结果表明大多数皮层点诱发对侧肌肉反应。虽然代表区的大小有很大个体差异，分区的相对位置是恒定的。但在分区内部未见分域排列。部分大鼠存在前部前肢区，但无一例发现前部后肢区。比较文献结果提示Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠的运动皮层的分化程度比Ｌｏｎｇ－Ｅｖａｎｓ黑顶鼠低。     

Altered enzyme activities of xenobiotic biotransformation in kidneys after subchronic administration of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) to rats

Activities of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes were measured in the liver, kidney, duodenum and lung microsomes and cytosol fractions of Wistar rats after subchronic administration of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a potent bacterial mutagen in chlorinated drinking water. MX was administered by gavage at the dose level of 30 mg/kg for 18 weeks (low dose), or at the dose level which was raised gradually from 45 mg/kg for 7 weeks via 60 mg/kg for 2 weeks to a clearly toxic dose of 75 mg/kg for 5 weeks (high dose). Microsomal and cytosolic preparations were made and the activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD), NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were measured. Kidneys were affected most. A dose-dependent decrease was observed in EROD (90% in males, 80% in females at the high dose) and in PROD (58% in females, at the high dose) in kidneys. An increase was, however, detected in kidney NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase (66% in females at high dose), UDPGT (89% in males and 97% in females at high dose) and GST activities (56% in males and 50% in females at high dose). MX caused only a few changes in the enzyme activities of the liver. The EROD activity was decreased 25% to 37%, both in the livers of males and females, but the total content of P450s was not altered. Hepatic GST activity was elevated in females in a dose-dependent manner (31% and 44%). GST activity was elevated in duodenum in females (59%) at the high dose. There were no marked changes in the enzyme activities in the lungs. MX was a weak inhibitor of EROD activity both in the liver and kidney microsomes in vitro, decreasing the EROD activity by 53% and 43%, respectively at the concentration of 0.9 mM. The results indicate that MX decreases the activity of phase I metabolism enzymes, but induces phase II conjugation enzyme activities, particularly in kidneys in vivo. It is possible that these changes contribute to metabolism of MX in kidneys and renders them susceptible to MX in the course of repeated exposure.     

用Fura-2测定周围血单个核细胞内游离钙浓度

本文用Fura-2测定了周围血单个核细胞内游离钙浓度，并对有关实验条件进行了探讨。对比研究表明，血标本在4℃保存4小时对测定结果无显著影响，测定标本中单个核细胞数以10~5～10~6/ml为宜。认为测定单个核细胞内游离钙浓度对判断单个核细胞的功能状况有一定帮助。     

Distribution of calbindin D-28K and parvalbumin immunoreactivities in the nucleus olfactorius anterior of the rat

The distributions of calbindin D-28K (CaBP) and parvalbumin (PV) in the rat nucleus olfactorius anterior (NOA) were described using monoclonal antibodies and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The NOA showed a high immunoreactivity for CaBP, with a rostrocaudal increase in the positive neurons and fibres. Pars externa (NOAe) was the only subdivision which showed a low CaBP immunostaining. PV-positive elements were less abundant than those CaBP immunostained. The main difference in the distributions for both proteins was observed in the pars medialis which was practically PV negative. PV- and CaBP-stained neurons showed similar morphologies in the subdivisions where they were present. In NOAe, we observed a characteristic PV- and CaBP-positive neuronal type, with an oriented dendritic pattern. Transition areas were clearly observable in both CaBP- and PV-labelled sections.     

Ovariectomy in the rat induces a rapid increase in the urinary excretion of hydroxylysine glycosides and non-reducible crosslink residues

The ovariectomized rat is the most commonly used animal model of human postmenopausal osteoporosis, exhibiting a high rate of bone turnover with resorption exceeding formation. At present, bone turnover is quantified directly by dynamic histomorphometry. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the measurement of the urinary output of some specific bone collagen catabolites — pyridinolines and hydroxylysine glycosides — could be used to indirectly monitor the initial phase of bone turnover increase in ovariectomized 90-day-old rats. Ninety-day-old female rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6): ovariectomized, sham-operated and non-treated controls. Urine samples (24 h) were collected 6 days before surgery and twice weekly for the 4 weeks following ovariectomy. Urinary excretion of pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine (GGHYL) and galactosyl-hydroxylysine (GHYL) were measured. As expected, ovariectomy was associated with a significant decrease in bone mineral density in both the proximal tibial and distal femoral metaphysis. Compared with both sham-operated and control animals, ovariectomized rats showed significant increases in PYD, GGHYL and GHYL urinary output 8 days after surgery and in DPD output after 15 days. These changes were maintained throughout the study. The results confirm that measurement of the urinary excretion of pyridinolines and hydroxylysine glycosides represents a powerful tool for detecting the onset of bone turnover in ovariectomized 90-day-old rats.     

糖尿病雄性大鼠性腺5α-还原酶Ⅱ型活性变化

目的 :探讨大鼠青春期和成年期糖尿病时性腺 5α 还原酶Ⅱ型的活性变化。　方法 :取 4 0d和 90d龄雄性Wistar大鼠各 30只 ,分别分为对照组 (C)、糖尿病组 (D)和胰岛素治疗糖尿病组 (ID)。采用薄层层析法测定各组附睾头、附睾尾、前列腺和睾丸组织内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性。　结果 :①青春期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ 型的活性D组均明显低于C组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而ID组明显高于D组 (P <0 .0 1) ;②成年期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性在C、D和ID组各组间差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :青春期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性更易受代谢环境、激素水平及局部特异性因素的影响 ,而成年期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶Ⅱ 型的活性相对稳定     

介绍一种大鼠肝细胞的分离和培养方法

介绍分离、纯化大鼠肝细胞(用胶元酶二步灌流和PercoⅡ不连续密度离心)及分离后的培养。此方法可靠易行，可制备出质量合格的肝细胞(实质细胞)。讨论了保证分离和纯化成功的一些关键步骤、条件和原理．提出分离肝细胞应首选胶元酶Ⅳ，PereoⅡ的渗透压和pH也是影响肝细胞的漂浮密度和存活能力的因素。     

生物人工周围神经修复大鼠不同长度周围神经缺损

目的 采用一种自行研制的具有良好生物相容性的部分脱乙酰甲壳质构建人工神经来修复大鼠坐骨神经不同长度的缺损，研究证实其修复效果。方法 选用24只健康雄性SD大鼠，随机分为3组造成不同长度（5、10、15mm）的坐骨神经缺损，右侧进行人工神经桥接修复，左侧进行原位神经移植。12周后进行神经电生理检测以及组织学检测。结果 5mm以及10mm组，光镜下能够观察到人工神经内新生的纤维延续存在。组织学证明。此种人工神经能够有效的修复10mm以内的大鼠坐骨神经缺损；神经肌肉复合动作电位的产生表明：12周后神经已经长过缺损段，神经传导功能恢复，并且已经长入远端靶器官。结论 结果证明这种套管能够有效的桥接10mm的大鼠坐骨神经缺损（神经直径的6～8倍）。可能应用于周围神经缺损的治疗。同时可以作为进一步开发组织工程化的人工神经的良好载体。     

幼鼠和成年大鼠急性氯化铁癫痫模型的对比研究

目的 建立幼鼠和成年大鼠氯化铁癫痫模型,观察行为学,脑电图(EEG)和病理改变,对比分析两者在发作级别,发作次数,发作定位以及病理改变上的差异性.方法 将实验大鼠按鼠龄分幼年组(3周)和成年组(3个月).立体定向注射同剂量氯化铁(FeCl3)于大鼠左侧感觉运动皮层区.颅骨埋植不锈钢螺丝电极后,连续6小时行为学观察,EEG纪录,组织学观察.结果 在成功致痫的模型中,两组均表现较高级别的行为发作(Ⅳ级以上),成年组的模型成功率达80%,但幼年组的模型成功率较低,仅60%.两组大鼠EEG表现出相似的癫痫波形,但成年组在波幅上高于幼年组.同时在发作总时间和发作次数上,成年组均高于幼年组,结果具有显著差异性(P＜0.01).在癫痫发作的定位上,两组的分布相似.另外两组均有亚临床发作,以幼年组为显著(40%).病理改变两实验之间无明显差别.结论 成年大鼠氯化铁癫痫模型行为及EEG表现较稳定,而幼年大鼠氯化铁癫痫模型稳定性较差.