Phytochemistry,biological properties and quality control of Chuanxiong Rhizoma: a review

Chuanxiong Rhizoma is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine in the past 2000 years. Chuanxiong Rhizoma is composed of volatile oils, phthalide lactones, phenolic acids, polysaccharides and other compounds. To date, more than 149 compounds in Chuanxiong Rhizoma have been isolated and identified, and some of them have been reported to possess promising biological properties on cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders besides their anti-cancer and antioxidant effects. Modulation of inflammatory mediators and apoptotic factors are believed to contribute to its bioactivities. Analytical methods, such as HPLC, GC and UPLC, are employed for qualitative evaluation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. In this work, harvest period, growing habitat, processing method and storage, which can affect the quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma, were also discussed. Comprehensive quality control methods should be developed to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy use of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Herein, we collected and analyzed the literature of Chuanxiong Rhizoma published on CNKI, ScienceDirect, Springer link, Wiley and PubMed in past two decades, and up-to-date information of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was provided in this paper. We suggested ligustilide, butylidenephthalide and total senkyunolides as the chemical markers to evaluate the quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Additionally, the influences of soil conditions and processing methods on Chuanxiong Rhizoma as future research perspectives should also be further assessed.     

Human- Versus System-Level Factors and Their Effect on Electronic Work List Variation: Challenging Radiology’s Fundamental Attribution Error

PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyze sources of variation influencing the unread volume on an electronic abdominopelvic CT work list and to compare those results with blinded radiologist perception.MethodsThe requirement for institutional review board approval was waived for this HIPAA-compliant quality improvement effort. Data pertaining to an electronic abdominopelvic CT work list were analyzed retrospectively from July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2014, and modeled with respect to the unread case total at 6 pm (Monday through Friday, excluding holidays). Eighteen system-level factors outside individual control (eg, number of workers, workload) and 7 human-level factors within individual control (eg, individual productivity) were studied. Attending radiologist perception was assessed with a blinded anonymous survey (n = 12 of 15 surveys completed).ResultsThe mean daily unread total was 24 (range, 3–72). The upper control limit (48 CT studies [3 SDs above the mean]) was exceeded 10 times. Multivariate analysis revealed that the rate of unread CT studies was affected principally by system-level factors, including the number of experienced trainees on service (postgraduate year 5 residents [odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.92; P = .0008] and fellows [odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.95; P = .005]) and the daily workload (P = .02 to P < .0001). Individual faculty productivity had a weak effect (Spearman ρ = 0.13, P = .03; adequacy: 3% of variance explained). The majority (67%) of radiologists (8 of 12) completing the survey believed that variation in faculty effort was the most important influence on the daily unread total.ConclusionsSystem-level factors best predict the variation in unread CT examinations, but blinded faculty radiologists believe that it relates most strongly to variable individual effort.     

Impact of Cardiovascular Interventions on the Quality of Life in the Elderly

INTRODUCTION

The elderly population is growing rapidly. Political and socio-economic changes led to the demographic transition in this population with the highest number of surgeries and as well as many comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of cardiovascular intervention on quality of life of elderly patients after three and six months.

METHODS

Analytical prospective cohort study with elderly between 60 and 80 years of age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and underwent cardiovascular intervention during the period June 2010 to June 2011. Data were collected by individual interviews in the pre and postoperative periods (after three and six months) by telephone. We used the SF-36 to analyse quality of life in order to assess the physical and mental health of the study population.

RESULTS

Of the 44 individuals evaluated, 59.1% were men, 75% in the range of 65 to 74 years, 38.6% were white and 38.6% were black, 31.8% were uneducated, 43.2% were married and 68.2% had less than a minimum wage. Prevailed patients: non-diabetics (68.2%), non-obese (81.8%), hypertensive (84.1%), non-alcoholic and non-smokers (68.2% and 61.4%, respectively). A significant increase in the average of the SF-36 scores between pre and post-surgical periods (three and six months) for the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and emotional aspect.

CONCLUSION

The elderly population undergoing intervention may have cardiovascular benefits and improvements of quality of life. Physical fitness improvement measures can be taken to resume that capability.     

综合护理干预对肝癌介入治疗患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨对肝癌介入治疗患者实施综合护理干预对患者生活质量的影响。方法将采用放射介入治疗的肝癌患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组50例和观察组50例,对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组在常规护理的基础上实施不舒适原因评估、心理干预、休息指导、饮食指导、健康教育、训练放松、术后药物反应和并发症护理等综合护理。观察比较两组患者术后不良反应发生情况和护理效果。结果术后两组患者化疗药物不良反应比较,观察组患者恶心呕吐、穿刺处出血、排尿或排便困难的发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为11．947,4．000,6．618;P＜0．05）。观察组患者对术后不良反应的耐受情况、对介入治疗知识的掌握、生活质量的改善情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为13．301,19．869,4．762;P＜0．05）。结论综合护理干预能减轻患者身心压力,减少术后不良反应,提高生活质量,值得推广应用。     

团体心理护理对尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后行膀胱灌注化疗患者负性情绪和生活质量的影响

目的：探讨团体心理护理对尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后行膀胱灌注化疗患者负性情绪和生活质量的影响。方法选择尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后行膀胱内灌注化疗的膀胱癌患者80例,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上进行团体心理护理。干预前后采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和生活质量评定量表（EORTC QLQ－C30）比较两组患者的改善情况。结果团体心理干预后,观察组患者SAS、SDS评分分别为（42．42±3．12）,（44．11±4．43）分,均低于对照组的（52．34±4．11）,（56．25±5．13）分,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为3．586,3．264;P＜0．05）。观察组患者总体健康状况、认知功能、社会功能得分分别为（54．52±13．81）,（79．74±22．13）,（73．21±23．33）分,均高于对照组的（30．81±10．24）,（64．34±21．21）,（54．63±27．81）分,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为－12．124,－3．747,－3．614;P＜0．05）。结论团体心理护理能改善膀胱灌注化疗患者的焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,提高患者的生活质量。     

持续健康教育在糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者中的应用

目的：探讨对糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者实施持续健康教育的效果。方法将280例糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组140例。两组患者均给予常规的基础治疗和护理方法进行治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上应用持续健康教育。依据自我护理能力测定表( ESCA)、自制自我管理能力调查表、视功能损害眼病患者生活质量量表对糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者的健康教育结果、自我管理能力和生活质量的水平进行评价。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果实施健康教育前两组患者ESCA 4个维度评分及总分、生活质量评分差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05);实施健康教育后,观察组患者ESCA总分为(122.1±11.7)分,生活质量总分为(47.1±4．2)分,均高于对照组(106.0±10.3),(34.6±4.1)分,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.692,8.926;P<0.05), ESCA 4个维度评分两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者在对疾病的自我管理能力优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论持续健康教育能够提升糖尿病并发视网膜病变患者健康教育的效果,提高患者自我管理能力,改善其生活质量。     

同伴支持对社区独居代谢综合征患者自我效能和生存质量的影响

目的：探讨同伴支持对社区独居代谢综合征患者自我效能和生存质量的影响。方法采取便利抽样方法选取2013年3—6月哈尔滨市某社区服务中心站的6个社区的独居代谢综合征患者90例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组患者不接受同伴支持干预,观察组患者接受同伴支持,采用自我护理能力测定表( ESCA)、生活质量量表( QOL)评价两组干预效果。结果干预后,观察组患者自我效能总分为(126.98±10.13)分,对照组患者为(108.56±9.75)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.954,P<0.05);干预后观察组患者总体生存质量为(42.62±5.86)分,对照组患者为(34.76±5.15)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.543,P<0.05)。结论同伴支持对社区独居代谢综合征患者自我效能和生存质量均有积极改善效果,值得推广。     

全程无缝隙护理模式对维持性血液透析患者遵医行为依从性和舒适度的影响

目的：探讨全程无缝隙护理模式对维持性血液透析患者遵医行为依从性和舒适度的影响。方法将100例血液透析患者采用随机数字法分为干预组和对照组,每组50例。对照组实施常规的健康教育,干预组采用从医院到家庭的无缝隙护理管理模式,比较干预前后两组患者遵医行为依从性、舒适度。结果干预后3个月,干预组与对照组遵医行为依从性比较,干预组患者合理饮食、规律运动、正确服药、自我监测、自我心理调节5个方面的遵医行为依从性分别为96.0%,88.0%,92.0%,94.0%,96.0%,显著高于对照组的80.0%,60.0%,72.0%,72.0%,64.0%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.06,10.18,6.77,8.58,16.10;P<0.05);干预组与对照组干预后舒适度比较,干预组患者在生理舒适、心理舒适、社会舒适、环境舒适、整体舒适5个维度评分分别为(28.15±1.28),(32.11±3.17),(25.41±3.12),(15.21±1.05),(88.28±1.87)分,明显优于对照组的(18.16±3.24),(22.58±3.19),(19.32±2.19),(12.21±1.48),(72.91±1.44)分,差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为2.5148,3.7965,8.2947,5.9218,26.6055;P<0.05)。结论应用全程无缝隙护理管理模式能够进一步提高患者的遵医行为依从性,改变患者的不良行为,改善患者的人际关系,减轻患者的焦虑状态,减少并发症的发生,提高患者舒适度和生活质量。     

疼痛护理专业技术小组在提高疼痛护理质量中的作用

目的：探讨疼痛护理专业技术小组在提高疼痛护理质量中的作用。方法疼痛护理专业技术小组随机选取314名护士进行疼痛知识培训需求调查,并采取分层次的疼痛知识培训,比较培训前后护士疼痛专业知识和专业技能掌握程度、疼痛的护理质量。结果64．01％的护士认为对疼痛知识培训非常有必要;98．72％的护士赞成讲授与实践相结合的形式进行培训。培训后护士疼痛专业知识、专业技能考核得分分别为（83．4±3．1）,（85．4±2．7）分,均优于培训前的（63．8±3．8）,（66．2±5．5）分,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为70．821,19．200;P＜0．01）;培训后疼痛护理质量总分从（58．4±3．4）分提高至（87．1±2．9）分,培训前后比较差异有统计学意义（t＝143．608,P＜0．01）。结论疼痛护理专业技术小组广泛开展疼痛知识培训,可显著提高护士的疼痛护理专业知识、专业技能水平和疼痛护理质量。