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31.
伏隔核毁损术戒毒术前及术后精神心理学量表测评结果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的研究探讨伏隔核定向毁损术戒毒对智力、记忆、人格特征及焦虑情绪的影响,评价手术的安全性。方法采用中国修订韦氏成人智力量表(Wechsleradultintelligencescale-revisedinChina,WAIS-RC)和韦氏记忆量表(Wechslermemoryscale,WMS)、明尼苏达多项人格调查表(Minnesotamultiphasicpersonalityinventory,MMPI),卡特尔16种个性因素测验(theCattell16personalityfactor,16PF)及汉密顿焦虑量表(Hamiltonanxielyscale,HAMA)对2000年7月至2004年11月272名接受手术的药物依赖、成瘾患者进行术前、术后的测评比较。结果术后1个月及3个月WAIS-RC及WMS测评结果与术前比较,未发现手术对智力、记忆有不良影响,且智商和记忆商均较术前有明显改善,VIQ,PIQ,MQ改善显著(P<0.01),而FIQ改善不显著(P>0.01);MMPI测评术后评分较术前显著减少(P<0.01)的有疑病、抑郁、癔病、心理病态,评分显著增加并有显著差异(P<0.01)的有偏执、精神分裂、轻躁狂;术后16PF测评显示,志愿者手术后的人格的多种因素无显著改变,只有H、L、O、Q2和适应焦虑分增高;HAMA测评结果显示,术后躯体性焦虑分数、精神性焦虑分数及焦虑总分均比术前显著降低(P<0.001)。结论定向伏隔核毁损术对志愿者的智力和记忆水平无明显不良影响,部分功能较术前有所改善;对志愿者的人格特征总体影响不显著,但可能对其中的部分个性特征如独立性、敢为性、忧虑性、怀疑性等构成一定影响。手术可使志愿者的焦虑水平明显降低,伏隔核定向毁损术戒毒是安全可行的。 相似文献
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麻醉医师在实施麻醉术前,通过探访将对患者的病理状况及生理机能进行充分的了解和掌握。这不仅有利于麻醉方案的确定,也对控制麻醉药物的剂量做到心中有数,从而便于维护患者生命体征的正常。通过对患者进行的心理疏导,消除了患者的恐惧紧张心理,使得患者能积极配合,从而大大有利于麻醉术的顺利进行。而通过手术后的随访,能及时解除患者的疑虑,并能了解实施的镇痛效果及有无并发症的发生。 相似文献
36.
目的了解心理因素对血液透析病人的影响及探寻心理护理对策。方法采用自评抑郁量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)调查50例血液透析病人,衡量血液透析患者抑郁状态的轻重程度及其在治疗中的变化。结果 50例血液透析患者中女性21例,发生不同程度的抑郁有16例,男性29例,发生不同程度的抑郁有27例,男女发生抑郁经χ2检验比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血液透析龄<2年有16人,>3年有34人,SDS得分经t检验比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血液透析患者普遍存在抑郁的心理问题,不良的情绪将引发免疫力的下降,直接影响透析效果,因此,做好其心理护理至关重要。 相似文献
37.
目的对药物联合心理干预治疗颅脑损伤后长期头痛疗效进行客观评价。方法将78例颅脑损伤后长期头痛患者随机分成两组,对照组采用常规治疗方法(口服复方血栓通胶囊、七叶神安片、谷维素等),治疗组则在常规治疗的基础上加用阿米替林口服和心理干预,心理干预每周2次,每次30-40min,共8周。疗程结束后评定疗效。结果两组患者临床有效率、治疗前后两组症状自评量表各因子分均有显著差异。结论阿米替林联合心理干预治疗颅脑损伤后长期头痛有效,药物与心理干预的综合治疗模式对颅脑损伤后长期头痛是一种有效的治疗方法。 相似文献
38.
We explore how school experiences and social networks structure young people’s substance use in different institutional contexts. The concepts of ‘selection’ and ‘influence’ are situated within the context of bounded agency, counter‐school cultures and Bourdieusian notions of capital. We employed individual and group interviews, network‐mapping, and observations at two contrasting English secondary schools. Both schools were characterised by extended social network structures that appeared to influence patterns of substance use, although the mechanisms via which this occurred varied according to school context. At Grange House school (suburban context) a minority of students from disadvantaged families were alienated by the attainment‐focused regime, marginalised by a strong peer‐led centrifugal force pushing them outwards, and substance use was an alternative source of bonding and identity for these students. In contrast, at North Street a centripetal force operated whereby the majority of students were pulled towards highly‐visible, normative markers of ‘safe’, ‘road culture’, such as cannabis use and gang‐involvement, as they attempted to fit in and survive in an inner‐city school environment. We conclude that health inequalities may be reproduced through these distinctive centrifugal and centripetal forces in different institutional contexts, and this should be the focus of quantitative examination in the UK and elsewhere. 相似文献
39.
Mussell M. Böcker U. Nagel N. Olbrich R. Singer M. V. 《Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology》2013,48(7):755-762
Background: This prospective study aimed to determine whether cognitive-behavioural group treatment accompanying medical standard care is effective in reducing psychological distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Twenty-eight outpatients with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis completed the treatment programme. Psychological treatment consisting of 12 weekly sessions was conducted in a group setting. Medical and psychometric assessments were taken at the beginning of the 3-month pretreatment waiting period, at pretreatment, at post-treatment and at the 3, 6 and 9-month follow-ups. Results: During baseline, no change was observed in psychological distress. Disease-related worries and concerns decreased significantly from pretreatment to the follow-ups. The disease groups differed in the decline of concerns between pre- and post-treatment, with a significant reduction of concerns in patients with ulcerative colitis but not Crohn disease. This difference did not occur at the follow-ups, indicating long-term improvement for both disease groups. Depressive coping decreased significantly in women and remained stable at the follow-ups, whereas depressive coping did not change in men. The same gender difference was found for depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The exploratory findings suggest that psychological group treatment for outpatients is a feasible and effective approach for the short- and long-term reduction of psychological distress for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the revealed gender differences on coping and depression might indicate the necessity to consider gender-specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease when designing and evaluating psychological interventions. 相似文献
40.
《Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)》2013,35(4-5):615-620
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between some psychological characteristics and blood pressure. We used the Bestiary Test which gives an impression of the child's psychological characteristics and his way of coping with personal conflicts. The test was applied to 766 children between the ages of 4-10 years. By discriminant analysis we established relations between systolic blood pressure, and the responses to the test. By correspondence analysis we found that hypertensive children have a tendency to perceive human relationships, especially those between males and females, as aggressive. 相似文献