Pressure transmission area and maximum pressure transmission of different thermoplastic resin denture base materials under impact load

Purposes

The purposes of the present study were to examine the pressure transmission area and maximum pressure transmission of thermoplastic resin denture base materials under an impact load, and to evaluate the modulus of elasticity and nanohardness of thermoplastic resin denture base.

成人心血管手术压疮发生的现状及相关因素研究

目的：调查成人心血管手术患者手术压疮发生的现状,并探析相关因素,为实施有针对性的护理干预奠定基础。方法：回顾性调查2016年2月至2016年11月实施心血管手术的成人患者1163例,分析心血管手术患者手术压疮发生的现状;按国际压疮分类标准将患者分为压疮组和非压疮组,收集一般情况、生化指标、手术情况、药物使用、体外循环等资料,通过单因素分析和Logistics回归方程的建立探析成人心血管手术压疮发生的高危因素。结果：成人心血管手术压疮的发生率为19.86%; Logistic回归分析结果：心血管手术压疮发生概率LogitP=-11.745+0.024术前血红蛋白值+0.118血钠值-0.014前白蛋白量-0.213术中平均体温-0.058最低平均动脉压+0.646术前血钾值+0.264吸烟史+0.760高血压史+0.536年龄≥70周岁。结论：年龄≥70周岁、术前低前白蛋白水平、高血红蛋白值、高血钠值、高血钾值、吸烟史、高血压史、术中低体温、低平均动脉压的患者是心血管手术压疮发生的高危人群,应予以关注。     

封闭式负压引流技术联合藻酸盐类湿性敷料在乳腺脓肿护理中的应用

目的观察联合应用封闭式负压引流技术和藻酸盐类湿性敷料在乳腺脓肿护理中的疗效。方法将68例乳腺脓肿切开引流术后患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用联合应用VSD和藻酸盐类湿性愈合敷料换药,对照组采用普通的敷料换药。对两组患者的伤口疼痛评分、换药次数、伤口愈合时间和瘢痕痊愈率进行比较。结果与对照组比较,治疗组在伤口疼痛程度、换药次数、伤口愈合时间和瘢痕痊愈率方面具有明显优势,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论联合应用负压封闭式引流技术和藻酸盐类湿性愈合敷料,可缩短乳腺脓肿患者的伤口愈合时间,同时有效减少愈合后的瘢痕形成。     

自制气囊在全麻后俯卧位手术中对头面部皮肤状况影响的应用

[摘要]目的：探讨自制空置输液袋气囊在全麻后俯卧位手术中对头面部压疮的预防作用。方法：选择我院施行的全麻后俯卧位手术患者60例,随机分成实验组和对照组各30例。先将空置1000ml百特袋消毒处理,然后分别先注入2／3满的气体形成气囊,实验组根据手术患者头面部的轮廓的大小来调节气囊大小。将一个气囊横着固定于马蹄形支架的上方,相当于病人俯卧位时前额的位置,另外两个分别固定于马蹄形支架的两侧,相当于病人俯卧时颧骨的位置。对照组用传统的马蹄形软垫固定于马蹄形支架上,直接将患者前额和颧骨直接固定在马蹄形软垫上。记录每组患者术中1小时、2小时、3小时皮肤红斑、压痕未消退,并计算出患者人次所占比例。结果：术术中1小时、2小时、3小时,实验组皮肤压痕消退发生率、皮肤红斑消退率。结论：输液袋自制气囊在全麻后俯卧位手术中对头面部压疮预防有显著作用。     

循证护理在神经外科压疮高危患者中的预防效果分析上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院北院 柳艳 徐雯莉

目的:研究循证护理对于神经外科患者预防压疮的应用效果。方法：选取我院自2013年1月-2014年8月间收治的神经外科患者64例,随机将其分为两组,即对照组和观察组。对照组患者32例,采用常规护理方式;观察组患者32例,采用循证护理方式,对比两组神经外科患者的压疮的发生率,以及患者和家属对于护理服务的满意度。结果：观察组患者中压疮的发生率为3.13%,患者对护理的满意率为96.88%;对照组患者压疮的发生率为15.63%,患者对于护理服务的满意率为75.0%,两组数据对比差异具有统计学意义,P＜0.05。结论：采用循证护理的方式能降低神经外科患者压疮的发生率,提高患者对于护理服务的满意度。     

Relationship between alcohol consumption, ambulatory blood pressure recordings and left ventricular mass

The relationship between alcohol consumption, blood pressure and left ventricular mass remains uncertain. A detailed alcohol intake history, clinic blood pressure measurements, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure recordings and measurements of left ventricular mass using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 98 males aged 47.9 ± 9.7 years, 20 of whom were receiving antihypertensive monotherapy. Alcohol consumption (median intake 315 g/week, range 0-2050) was significantly related to supine systolic clinic blood pressures (β = 0.20, p = 0.05) but not to clinic supine diastolic blood pressures (β = 0.12, p = 0.25), 24-h blood pressures (systolic: β = -0.03, p = 0.75; diastolic β = -0.05, p = 0.60), awake blood pressures or sleeping blood pressures. Alcohol consumption was not related to left ventricular mass index (β = -0.05, p = 0.59). Left ventricular mass was strongly related to mean 24-h systolic blood pressures (β = 0.28, p = 0.01), mean awake and sleeping systolic blood pressures, and less strongly to clinic systolic blood pressures (β = 0.23, p = 0.03). These results were not significantly altered by adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index or alcohol intake, or by excluding the 20 men who were receiving antihypertensive therapy. The results of this study suggest that alcohol consumption at levels commonly encountered in the community is not an important predictor of left ventricular mass index in men, either via direct effects or by indirect effects on blood pressure.     

The effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in non-pregnant women with previous pre-eclampsia: An exploratory,randomized placebo controlled study

BackgroundEpidemiological findings suggest that the link between poverty and pre-eclampsia might be dietary calcium deficiency. Calcium supplementation has been associated with a modest reduction in pre-eclampsia, and also in blood pressure (BP).MethodsThis exploratory sub-study of the WHO Calcium and Pre-eclampsia (CAP) trial aims to determine the effect of 500 mg/day elemental calcium on the blood pressure of non-pregnant women with previous pre-eclampsia. Non-pregnant women with at least one subsequent follow-up trial visit at approximately 12 or 24 weeks after randomization were included.ResultsOf 836 women randomized by 9 September 2014, 1st visit data were available in 367 women of whom 217 had previously had severe pre-eclampsia, 2nd visit data were available in 201 women. There was an overall trend to reduced BP in the calcium supplementation group (1–2.5 mmHg) although differences were small and not statistically significant. In the subgroup with previous severe pre-eclampsia, the mean diastolic BP change in the calcium group (−2.6 mmHg) was statistically larger than in the placebo group (+0.8 mmHg), (mean difference −3.4, 95% CI −0.4 to −6.4; p = 0.025). The effect of calcium on diastolic BP at 12 weeks was greater than in those with non-severe pre-eclampsia (p = 0.020, ANOVA analysis).ConclusionsThere is an overall trend to reduced BP but only statistically significant in the diastolic BP of women with previous severe pre-eclampsia. This is consistent with our hypothesis that this group is more sensitive to calcium supplementation, however results need to be interpreted with caution.     

全程信息化管理联合 PDCA 循环对骨科患者压疮形成的预防效果

目的：探讨全程信息化管理联合PDCA循环对骨科患者压疮形成的预防效果。方法选取我院收治的骨折患者168例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组84例。观察组患者实施以全程信息化管理并进行PDCA循环管理,对照组患者按护理常规护理。术前和干预后1w评估患者压疮疾病相关知识,干预后1w评估健康信念水平及压疮预防措施执行情况。结果干预后观察组患者压疮疾病相关知识评分显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05）。除障碍外,观察组严重性、易感性、益处、健康动力和自我效能均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）。观察组预防措施执行情况得分显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）,压疮发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论全程信息化管理结合PDCA循环可有效提高骨折患者压疮疾病相关知识、健康信念水平及预防措施执行情况。