Cardiovascular responses to physical and psychological stress in female alcoholics with transitory hypertension after early abstinence

BACKGROUND: Male alcoholic patients with acute withdrawal hypertension have shown exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to stress after 3 to 4 weeks of abstinence, although resting blood pressures (BP) had returned to normal. Studies of this nature, however, have not been extended to women. METHODS: In this study, 32 alcohol-dependent women, abstinent for 4 weeks, were compared with 16 healthy controls on cardiovascular hemodynamics during rest and in response to 2 moderately aversive stressors: isometric handgrip and a speech task. The alcoholics were placed according to withdrawal BP into transitory hypertensive (tHT; n = 16; BP >or=140/90 mm Hg) and normotensive (NT; n = 16; BP <140/90 mm Hg) subgroups. RESULTS: During stress testing, the transitory hypertensive women had increased diastolic BP (p < 0.01), a higher peripheral resistance index (p < 0.05), and a reduced cardiac efficiency index (p < 0.03) relative to the normotensive and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This cardiovascular pattern suggests that both cardiac and vascular functions were altered adversely in the transitory hypertensives. In contrast to men examined in previous studies, the transitory hypertensive women had no exaggeration of BP reactivity, but instead showed sustained alterations of resting cardiovascular function in relation to chronic alcohol consumption. Although the pattern of cardiovascular dysregulation seems to be different in female alcoholics than in males, it is consistent with studies showing that cardiovascular effects in women are more severe than in men and emerge at a lower threshold level of chronic drinking.     

Regional distribution of action potential abnormalities induced by subacute right ventricular pressure overload

Right ventricular pressure overload of 3 days' duration was established in cats by banding of the pulmonary artery. To characterize the regional distribution of the resulting electrophysiologic changes, the right ventricular free wall, adjacent pulmonary outflow tract and septum were mounted in tissue bath and examined by conventional microelectrode techniques. Abnormal action potentials, identified by a negative shift of the voltage level of phase 2 with a corresponding accentuation of phase 1, were recorded from sites contiguous to the tricuspid valve and pulmonary outflow tract and in limited adjacent areas. No abnormal action potentials were recorded on the septal surface, apical end of the free wall, or at any right ventricular location in normal or sham-operated cats. Abnormal potentials could be recorded from sites sampled 5 cell layers deep in the endocardium. The number and extent of distribution of cells demonstrating altered action potentials correlated best with increased right ventricular wet weight at time of sacrifice. Abnormal cells responded to epinephrine or elevated extracellular calcium by a shift in plateau voltage towards zero and by an increase in action potential duration prior to usual plateau shortening. Responsiveness of these cells to agents which influence slow inward current suggests pressure overload-induced changes in the cell membrane that limit or otherwise affect availability of calcium. Regional distribution of plateau potential abnormalities may reflect differential physical stress within the myocardium provoked by sudden pressure overload.     

Predictive ability of the EVARUCI scale and COMHON index for pressure injury risk in critically ill patients: A diagnostic accuracy study

Background

Hospital-acquired pressure injuries are a costly and largely preventable complication occurring in a variety of acute care settings. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit are at greater risk of developing pressure injuries.

Inter- and intra-disciplinary collaboration and patient safety outcomes in U.S. acute care hospital units: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundCollaboration among healthcare providers has been considered a promising strategy for improving care quality and patient outcomes. Despite mounting evidence demonstrating the impact of collaboration on outcomes of healthcare providers, there is little empirical evidence on the relationship between collaboration and patient safety outcomes, particularly at the patient care unit level.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which interdisciplinary collaboration between nurses and physicians and intradisciplinary collaboration among nurses on patient care units are associated with patient safety outcomes.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using nurse survey data and patient safety indicators data from U.S. acute care hospital units. Collaboration at the unit level was measured by two 6-item scales: nurse-nurse interaction scale and nurse-physician interaction scale. Patient outcome measures included hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) and patient falls. The unit of analysis was the patient care unit, and the final sample included 900 units of 5 adult unit types in 160 hospitals in the U.S. Multilevel logistic and Poisson regressions were used to estimate the relationship between collaboration and patient outcomes. All models were controlled for hospital and unit characteristics, and clustering of units within hospitals was considered.ResultsOn average, units had 26 patients with HAPUs per 1000 patients and 3 patient falls per 1000 patient days. Critical care units had the highest HAPU rate (50/1000 patients) and the lowest fall rate (1/1000 patient days). A one-unit increase in the nurse-nurse interaction scale score led to 31% decrease in the odds of having a HAPU (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56–0.82) and 8% lower patient fall rate (IRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.98) on a nursing unit. A one-unit increase in the nurse-physician interaction scale score was associated with 19% decrease in the odds of having a HAPU (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.97) and 13% lower fall rates (IRR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82–0.93) on a unit.ConclusionsBoth nurse-physician collaboration and nurse-nurse collaboration were significantly associated with patient safety outcomes. Findings from this study suggest that improving collaboration among healthcare providers should be considered as an important strategy for promoting patient safety and both interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary collaboration are critical for achieving better patient outcomes.     

泌尿外科绝对平卧位患者早期护理干预对压疮预防的效果

目的:探讨对泌尿外科疾病中需要绝对平卧位的患者早期施行护理干预,观察其压疮的发生情况.方法:将行肾脏手术后医嘱予绝对平卧位或入院时诊断为肾脏闭合性挫裂伤行保守治疗的患者40例,随机分为对照组20例,干预组20例.干预组在医嘱为绝对平卧位后,施行护理干预,对照组予常规护理.结果:干预组压疮发生例数为0,对照组发生压疮6例,两组在压疮的发生率上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:护理干预可明显减少绝对平卧位患者压疮的发生率,减少了患者的痛苦,提高了护理质量.     

不同压力对巨噬细胞ATP结合盒转运子A1表达的影响

目的观察不同压力对巨噬细胞ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。方法将THP—1源巨噬细胞依照不同压力分为对照组、60组、80组、100组、120组、140组、160组和180组，分别在大气压下，60mmHg、80mmHg、100mmHg、120mmHg、140mmHg、160mmHg和180mmHg压力下继续培养48h。观察巨噬细胞ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果60组、80组、100组、120组ABCA1 mRNA分别为1．11±0．08、1．31±0．04、1．53±0．11和1．15±0．07，较对照组（0．91±0．10）明显增加（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），以100组增加最显著；140组、160组和180组ABCA1mRNA分别为0．75±0．06，0．46±0．08及0．35±0．05，较对照组明显减少（P〈0．01）。ABCA1蛋白表达与mRNA情况相似：60组（1．09±0．06），80组（1．12±0．09），100组（1．41±0．06），120组（1．11±0．06）较对照组（1．00±0．00）明显增加（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），而140组（0．78±0．07）、160组（0．49±0．09）和180组（0．47±0．10）较对照组明显减少（P〈0．01）。结论压力在80---120mmHg范围时，压力升高促进了巨噬细胞ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达，压力〉120mmHg后，随着压力的增高，巨噬细胞ABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达反而减少。     

脉压与动脉弹性功能相关性研究

目的　探讨高血压时脉压 (PP)与动脉顺应性的相关性及其对血管损伤程度、疗效、预后的预示价值。方法　采用HDICVProfilorDO - 2 0 2 0无创动脉功能测定仪 (美国HDI公司 ) ,对 2 0 1例健康人及 139例高血压患者同时进行BP、PP、C1、C2测定。结果　 (1)高血压组与健康人组比较PP、C1、C2有显著性差异 ,PP增大、C1、C2降低 ;(2 )PP与C1、C2呈显著负相关 ;(3)PP≥ 6 0mmHg者较PP <6 0mmHg者C1、C2显著降低 ;(4)血压正常者 (健康人或降压治疗后血压正常 )PP≥ 6 0mmHg者C1、C2明显低于PP <6 0mmHg者 ;(5 )降压治疗者比未治疗者PP下降、C2显著升高。结论　 (1)PP与C1、C2不仅为动脉血管损伤的预示指标 ,而且可预测动脉功能的损伤程度 ;(2 )PP为进展性心血管病的后期指标 ,C2为早期心血管病的预测指标 ;(3)降压治疗可部分修复小动脉内皮功能损伤 ,减小脉压     

利多卡因对造影剂及胰管结扎所致兔胰腺炎动物模型的影响

目的:探讨利多卡因对兔胰管括约肌压力和造影剂及胰管结扎相关胰腺炎的影响.方法:日本大耳兔24只随机分为4组,每组6只.采用300 g/L的泛影葡胺0.5 mL/kg经兔胰管内逆行注射 胰管阻塞的方法造模.Ⅰ,Ⅱ组造模前分别用利多卡因或蒸馏水在胰管远端括约肌处进行局部喷洒,观察其对于兔胰管括约肌压力的影响及术后24 h胰腺病理形态学研究.Ⅲ组只进行胰管括约肌测压,Ⅳ组为对照组,只做开腹术.结果:术前利多卡因乳头局部喷洒组与蒸馏水喷洒组相比,术后24 h胰头部分的病理组织学评分结果表明胰腺的病理改变主要表现为轻微的水肿和炎细胞浸润,其水肿、炎细胞浸润、出血以及坏死的程度显著减轻(水肿:0.83±0.75 vs 2.83±0.41:炎细胞浸润:1.33±0.52 vs 3.00±0.00:出血:0.00±0.00 vs 0.67±0.52:坏死:0.17±0.41 vs 1.50±0.55,均P<0.05).利多卡因乳头局部喷洒组与蒸馏水喷洒组及单纯测压组相比,利多卡因可显著降低胰管括约肌压力,差异有统计学意义(19.98±6.47 vs 34.77±8-36,32.67±7.79,均P<0.05).结论:利多卡因在胰管远端括约肌的乳头部喷洒,可以明显降低括约肌压力,有效预防造影剂及胰管结扎所致胰腺炎.     

自发性高血压大鼠右心室压、肺动脉压变化的观察

目的观察自发性高血压大鼠右室压、肺动脉压的变化。方法36周鼠龄大鼠wky7只，SHR8只。测定两种大鼠的颈动脉压、右室压、肺动脉压，并进行统计学比较。结果SHR的颈动脉压较WKY非常显著升高（225．3±25．6VS127±15．9mmHg，P〈0．001），右室平均压明显升高（23．1±4．8mmHgVS9．1±2．6mmHg，P〈0．001），SHR肺动脉平均压也明显升高（29．1±8．2VS12．4±2．2mmHg，P〈0．001）。结论36周SHR不仅体动脉压升高，并出现右室压及肺动脉压上升。     

Akute hämodynamische Effekte

Zusammenfassung Akutstudien zeigten Mitte der 90iger Jahre bei schwerer Herzinsuffizienz und Linksschenkelblock, dass die links- bzw. biventrikuläre Stimulation einen Anstieg der Pulse Pressure, der Kontraktilität und einen Abfall des endsystolischen Volumens bewirken. Die Hämodynamik bei schmalem Kammerkomplex unter 150 ms kann sich dagegen durch Stimulation verschlechtern. In dieser Studie wurden Patienten mit Linksschenkelblock, schwerer Herzinsuffizienz und einer QRS-Breite über 150 ms rechtsventrikulär, biventrikulär und linksventrikulär mit verschiedenen AV-Delays im Katheterlabor stimuliert. Akut-Response war als 10% Pulse-Pressure-Anstieg definiert. 165 von 188 Patienten (88%) im Sinusrhythmus (47 Frauen, mittleres Alter 62,5±10 Jahre, Ejektionsfraktion 23±8%, NYHA-Stadium 3,1±0,3) waren Responder. 10% der 103 mit dilatativer Kardiomyopathie und 16,5% der 79 Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit waren Non-Responder. Das interventrikuläre Delay war bei Respondern mit 114±29 ms gegenüber 91±29 ms bei Non-Respondern signifikant weiter. 29 von 36 Patienten (81%) mit 2 oder mehr posterolateralen Venen waren Akut-Responder. 10 Patienten (33%) waren nur in einer Vene Responder. 54 Patienten hatten atriolinksventrikulär einen höheren Pulse-Pressure-Anstieg im Mittel von 10,7±10,6%, 48 Patienten bei biventrikulärer Stimulation von 9,8±6,4%. Über ein Jahr verbesserte sich die Herzinsuffizienz hochsignifikant (<0,0001) von NYHA 3,1±0,4 auf 2,1±0,7, VO2- peak von 12,7±2,8 auf 15,9±3,6 ml/min/kg und der linksventrikuläre enddiastolische Durchmesser von 80,5±10,5 auf 73,3±13 mm. Die präoperative hämodynamische Testung identifiziert akute Non-Responder und bei den Respondern den besten Stimulationsmodus, den optimalen Stimulationsort und das beste atrioventrikuläre Delay. Im Langzeit-Follow- up erscheint die maßgeschneiderte kardiale Resynchronisation klinisch überlegen.