免疫增强剂对反复呼吸道感染患儿免疫指标的影响

目的　观察免疫增强剂对反复呼吸道感染 (RRTI)患儿免疫指标的影响。方法 :用琼脂单向扩散法和荧光法 ,检测了 10 0例RRTI患儿分别用乌体林斯注射液和转移因子口服液治疗前后免疫球蛋白含量和T细胞亚群百分数 ,并与正常对照组比较。结果 :RRTI组患儿免疫指标均非常显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,乌体林斯注射液含服治疗后IgG .IgM含量和CD3、CD4 、CD8百分数均有显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;转移因子口服液口服治疗后IgA .IgM含量和CD3、CD4 百分数均有显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　免疫功能降低是RRTI发病的重要因素 ,免疫增强剂对RRTI疗效佳。     

高血压患者室间隔厚度与二尖瓣血流参数关系的探讨

目的 :探讨二尖瓣血流主要参数与室间隔厚度的关系在高血压患者中的临床意义。方法 :用多普勒超声测量 10 2例高血压患者的室间隔厚度及二尖瓣血流主要参数。其均数与国人文献正常参考值相比较 ,并把室间隔厚度分别与二尖瓣血流主要参数作直线相关分析 ,求出相关系数。结果 :室间隔厚度只与心房收缩期峰值流速 (APFV)有显著的正相关 (r =0 47,P <0 0 1) ,而与其余各参数无显著相关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :尽管高血压患者室间隔增厚 ,提示左室损害 ,但与左室舒张功能损害不一定有内在联系 ,而可能与年龄偏大有关     

原发性肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的术前预测模型构建及临床意义

目的构建原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)微血管侵犯(MVI)的术前预测模型并验证其准确性。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年6月行肝切除术的160例HCC患者的临床病理资料,观察患者MVI情况。采用SPSS20.0软件对数据进行处理分析,计数资料采用χ^2检验;计量资料采用t检验;采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响MVI的独立危险因素,并构建HCC患者MVI的术前预测模型,通过描绘受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)从而来评估模型的预测能力,并以术后病理诊断结果为金标准对预测模型进行验证。结果在160例患者中,有MVI者86例,无MVI者74例。对单因素分析有统计学意义的资料进行Logistic多因素分析,结果显示:肿瘤直径、瘤周低回声晕环、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)水平、循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)浓度是HCC的MVI独立危险因素。根据Logistic回归分析各变量的回归系数构建预测模型,通过绘制ROC曲线,计算出AUC值为0.914(95%CI 0.820~0.962),当最佳临界值为0.069时对HCC患者MVI具有预测价值,灵敏度为86.5%,特异度为87.9%,约登指数为0.74。以术后病理诊断为金标准,验证预测模型,灵敏度为88.4%,特异度为93.2%,两者灵敏度和特异度无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论基于Logistic多因素回归分析建立预测模型具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,对HCC微血管侵犯的患者具有较高的预测价值,可为HCC患者的术前治疗方案、手术规划提供参考。     

子痫前期患者血清AFP、D-二聚体、PLGF水平对母体及妊娠结局影响

目的:分析子痫前期(PE)患者血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、D-二聚体(D-dimer)及胎盘生长因子(PLGF)水平对母体及妊娠结局的影响。方法:将本院2016年1月-2018年9月收治的330例PE患者分轻度PE组(n=117)、重度PE组(n=213),另选同期本院住院待产的正常妊娠产妇30例为对照组,检测各组孕妇血清AFP、D-dimer、PLGF水平,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析对PE的诊断预测效能;Spearman相关性分析各检测指标与病情的相关性;对PE患者妊娠结局的预测效能。结果:PE组与对照组AFP比较无差异(P>0.05),但D-dimer水平PE组高于对照组,PLGF低于对照组(P<0.05);D-dimer AUC值最高(387.51μg/L),预测PE的敏感度、特异度为80.6%、100.0%;PLGF AUC值次之(217.33pg/ml),预测PE的敏感度为96.7%,高于D-dimer。不同病情严重程度的PE患者血清AFP、PLGF水平未见差异(P>0.05),但D-dimer轻度PE组低于重度PE组(P<0.05)。AFP与PE病情程度未见相关性(r=0.093,P=0.078),D-dimer与PE病情程度正相关(r=0.796,P=0.000),PLGF与PE病情程度负相关(r=0.114,P=0.031)。PE患者中,母体发生并发症、胎儿结局不良者血清D-dimer水平高于无并发症、胎儿结局良好者(P<0.05),AFP、PLGF未见差异(P>0.05);D-dimer对PE患者并发症可发挥一定预测效能,以579.53μg/L为cut-off,预测PE患者并发症的敏感度、特异度为80.9%、61.9%,另两项血清指标对妊娠结局的预测效能不佳。结论:血清AFP、D-dimer、PLGF3个指标中,D-dimer对PE的预测价值及其与PE病情的相关性最为显著,用于预测PE患者母体并发症具有一定敏感度,但特异度不佳。     

食管癌早癌内镜黏膜下剥离术后发生食管狭窄的危险因素分析及预测模型建立

目的 分析食管癌早癌内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后发生食管狭窄的危险因素并建立相应的预测模型。方法 回顾性分析六安市人民医院消化内科于2018年6月至2021年12月收治的52例符合标准的早期食管癌患者病理和临床资料,根据患者术后是否发生食管狭窄分为狭窄组(n=15例)与非狭窄组(n=37例)。比较两组患者基线资料,分析筛选获得与术后发生食管狭窄有关的指标,再将有关指标纳入多因素logistic回归分析中得出影响术后发生食管狭窄的独立因素,并基于上述因素对应系数构建线性回归模型,采取受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的预测价值,选择拟合优度检验评判预测值与实际值的一致性情况。结果 两组患者固有肌层损伤、病变环周范围、肿瘤浸润深度、剥离的纵径长度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示有固有肌层损伤(OR=4.310,95%CI:2.307～8.055)、病变环周范围>3/4环周(OR=12.820,95%CI:3.781～43.470)、肿瘤浸润深度进展至M3～SM1期(OR=6.482,95%CI:2.747～15.294)、长剥离...     

Predictive equation for acquisition of hepatitis B in hospital workers in a general hospital

A cross-sectional study was performed to obtain risk factors for hepatitis B disease, HBsAg carriers and immunised personnel, among 2470 workers in a general hospital in Madrid, Spain. The data obtained were analyzed with multiple logistic regression to obtain coefficients for variables. The results of the analysis show that being a nurse or being regularly exposed to blood are the most important risk factors for hepatitis B acquisition. The length of time working at the same job activity was also a risk factor. The resulting coefficients allow the construction of a predictive equation for non-immunised, HBsAg carrier and immunised HBV status, which can select subjects for a hepatitis B vaccination program.     

Cerebrospinal fluid indices in cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis: the spider web coagulum and its diagnostic significance

The differentiation between a chronic cryptococcal meningitis and a chronic tuberculous meningitis may cause problems for the clinician only if standard microbiological methods are not applied to the diagnosis of both infections. In a male non-AIDS patient (50 y), 11 years after a suggested diagnosis of "tuberculous meningitis", meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus was diagnosed and treated accordingly without success. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was never found. Because fibrin fibres of a spider web coagulum in the CSF resembled Aspergillus mycelium, the patient was then treated with amphotericin B + flucytosine. Finally, a mycological examination led to the true diagnosis: (1) In the CSF, resembling Aspergillus hyphae were found to be spider web coagulum fibres. (2) Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis based on the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF and its antigen in serum and CSF. - At post-mortem, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis was established as cause of death. Residual signs of tuberculosis could not be detected in the brain and the meninges. Common clinical similarities of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis and the possibility of a double infection are discussed. A comparison of the presence of Cr. neoformans in the meninges of non-AIDS and AIDS patients is made. The formation of spider web coagulum in the CSF is discussed. Proposals for the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of cryptococcal meningitis are made.     

RDW-MCV贫血分类法的临床意义

为研究RDW /MCV分类法在临床中的应用 ,将EDTA盐抗凝血于K -4 5 0 0型血细胞分析仪上检测。结果可将贫血分为六类 ,即小细胞均一性 (如α、β -地贫 )、小细胞不均一性 (如缺铁性贫血 )、大细胞均一性、大细胞不均一性 (如巨幼贫 )、正细胞均一性 (大失血性贫血 )和正细胞不均一性。认为RDW /MCV给临床医生对贫血诊断及鉴别诊断提供很有价值的筛选和诊断指标 ,尤其是对小细胞性贫血 ,如IDA与α、β -轻型地中海贫血的筛选和鉴别诊断     

全自动细菌分析系统检测耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的初步评价

采用琼脂筛选法、纸片扩散法和仪器法平行进行葡萄球菌苯唑西林敏感性的测定 ,同时进行微生物敏感性试验。结果显示 :MRS的分离率为 5 4.4% ,琼脂筛选法和仪器法两法对MRS检测的符合率为 96 .7%。MRS对万古霉素最敏感 ,敏感率 10 0 % ;呋喃妥因次之 (耐药率 0 .0 2 4% )。VITEK32型细菌分析系统可准确检测MRS。认为MRS以万古霉素治疗效果最佳 ,其次为呋喃妥因     

Classification of heart failure in population based research: An assessment of six heart failure scores

Several scores based on symptoms and signs have been developed to assess the presence of heart failure. The goal of this study was to compare six heart failure scores in non-hospitalised subjects and to determine their usefulness in population based research. The scores were applied to 54 participants of a population based study. All underwent a complete medical examination, including chest X-ray, electrocardiography and Doppler echocardiography. Using all information available, a cardiologist, unaware of the results of the scores, clinically classified participants as having no, possible or definite heart failure. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and receiver operating characteristics were calculated, using the cardiologist's assessment as a gold standard. The cardiologist judged definite or possible heart failure to be present in 17 persons. All scores had a high sensitivity for the detection of definite heart failure, whereas the study of men born in 1913 and Walma's score had the highest sensitivity for the combination of possible and definite heart failure. Gheorgiade's and the Boston score had the highest positive predictive values. In conclusion, five of the six scores we studied are broadly similar in the detection of heart failure. The men born in 1913 score relies heavily on the assessment of dyspnea, resulting in a relatively large number of false positives. Although the scores are useful in detecting manifest heart failure, objective measurements of cardiac function appear necessary to reduce the false positive rate and accurately detect early stages of heart failure.