妇科手术患者两种灌肠法效果比较

目的:探讨妇科手术前清洁灌肠的最佳体位及插管长度.方法:将妇科手术需进行清洁灌肠的患者507例,随机分为试验组257例和对照组250例,实验组采用改良法:头低臀高左侧卧位(臀部抬高20～25 cm),肛管插入长度20～22 cm;对照组采用传统左侧卧位,肛管插入长度7～10 cm.比较两组患者清清灌肠次数、肠道清洁度、不适感及灌肠入液量的差异.结果:两组患者灌肠次数、肠道清洁度、不适感及灌肠人液量的比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),实验组显著优于对照组.结论:改良灌肠法能彻底清洁肠道,可减轻患者痛苦和护士的工作量.     

A review of Aston Patterning

Judith Aston is a somatic pioneer. She began as a dancer and physical education teacher. Severe accidents prompted her to seek out Ida Rolf who not only worked on her but also entrusted her with developing the Rolf movement curriculum. She next followed her instincts and refined her concepts for helping people problem solve. For the past 28 years she has continued to improve the Aston Paradigm^® combining bodywork, ergonomic supports, exercises and movement therapy.     

The relationship between sitting stability and functional performance in patients with paraplegia

OBJECTIVES: To compare sitting stability between patients with high and low thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), to determine the factors that can predict sitting stability, and to examine the relationship between sitting stability and functional performance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional assessment was performed on subjects with paraplegia. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital affiliated with a medical university. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 30 adults with complete chronic thoracic SCI. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: (1) Postural sway during quiet sitting over 30 seconds was recorded as static sitting stability, and composite maximal weight-shift during leaning tasks over 30 seconds was measured as dynamic sitting stability; (2) age, body weight, trunk length, trunk strength, postonset duration, injury level, and presence of spasticity were examined as predictive variables for sitting stability; and (3) the time for completion of upper- and lower-body dressing and undressing and transfer was measured as functional performance. RESULTS: A significant difference in composite maximal weight-shift was found between high and low thoracic SCI subjects (t=2.90, P<.01). Injury level and trunk length were 2 important predictive factors for dynamic sitting stability, and they explained 43.5% of the variance. Only the completion time of upper-body dressing and undressing correlated significantly with static (r=.465, P=.01) and dynamic (r=-.377, P<.05) sitting stability. CONCLUSIONS: The subjects with low thoracic SCI showed better dynamic sitting stability than those with high thoracic SCI. Injury level and trunk length, not trunk flexion or extension strength, predicted the outcome of dynamic sitting stability. Measures were not precise enough to predict functional performance from the viewpoint of injury level and sitting stability. The underlying premise that a reduction or increase in trunk strength is indicative of poorer or better sitting stability in SCI individuals is questioned, and implications for problem identification and treatment planning are discussed.     

The effects of pilates on posture and physical fitness parameters in 5–6 years old children: A non-randomized controlled study

BackgroundInactivity is a public health problem. Physical activity is beneficial at any age, but is even more critical in childhood for healthy development and growth.ObjectivesThe purpose of this non-randomized controlled study was to investigate the effects of Pilates on posture and physical fitness parameters in 5–6 years old healthy children.MethodsFour preschool classes were divided into two groups. Five-six years old 66 preschool children were assigned to the Pilates (n = 31) and control (n = 35) groups. The Pilates group received a Pilates program twice a week for 10 weeks. The control group continued their daily routines. Postural assessment was evaluated using the New York Posture Rating Chart test and physical fitness was evaluated with the Eurofit test battery. Children were blinded to assignment. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between groups, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used for within-group comparisons.ResultsIn this study, within-group comparisons showed statistically significant improvements in the New York Posture Rating chart test (p < 0.001), Flamingo Balance, Sit and Reach, Standing Broad Jump, 30-Second Sit-Up, Bent Arm Hang, and 20-Meter Shuttle Run test scores (p < 0.05).ConclusionPilates has positive effects on physical fitness parameters and postural evaluation in preschool children. This study suggests that Pilates can be an entertaining alternative physical activity in children aged 5–6 years.Clinicaltrials.numberNCT05210426.     

Postural neck pain: an investigation of habitual sitting posture, perception of 'good' posture and cervicothoracic kinaesthesia

Impairments of cervico-cephalic kinaesthesia and habitual forward head posture have been considered important in the aetiology of postural neck pain, yet these factors have not been specifically examined in a homogeneous clinical population. The objective of this study was to compare the habitual sitting posture (HSP), perception of good posture and postural repositioning error (PRE) of the cervico-thoracic (CT) spine in individuals with postural neck pain, with a matched group of asymptomatic subjects. Twenty-one subjects with postural neck pain and 22 asymptomatic control subjects were recruited into the study. An optical motion analysis system was used to measure the HSP and perceived ‘good’ sitting posture. PRE was measured over six trials where the subject attempted to replicate their self-selected ‘good’ posture. There was no difference between the groups in the HSP but significant differences were identified in the perception of ‘good’ posture. Posture repositioning error was higher for the head posture variables than for CT and shoulder girdle variables in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in posture repositioning error between groups for any of the posture measures. The findings suggest that individuals with postural neck pain may have a different perception of ‘good’ posture, but no significant difference in HSP or kinaesthetic sensibility compared with matched asymptomatic subjects.     

Patients’ postures during migraine attacks

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine postures adopted by patients during migraine attack. A total of 199 migraine patients were questioned about their postures during the migraine attack. Of these, 92 patients did not choose a specific lying position, 22 could not lie down during the attack because of the increase in pain, while 6 avoided lying due to scalp tenderness. During the attack, 19 patients preferred holding their heads up (compared to painless period) with a few pillows and 41 applied pressure on the aching side; 15 lay with their necks extended and 15 lay face downward. Various combinations of these postures were also reported. Pain may arise from extracranial muscles as well as vessels during a migraine attack. The posture chosen during attack is a reflection of vascular and muscle pains that provoke symptoms. The postures that patients chose were aimed to lessen the severity of symptoms of their migraine attacks. Patients know the position they adopt and do not need to be told by a doctor, but they come to consultations to be understood, to learn that others behave in the same way, and in some, to obtain reasons for their posture. The existence of a specific lying posture can be an advantage for the physician in terms of approaching the patient and selecting an appropriate therapy.     

服用抗精神病药物患者血压、心率的测量与观察

为了降低服用抗精神病药物患者体位性低血压的发生率，对62例精神分裂症患者在增药期间，取不同体位进行了血压和心率的测量。结果：平卧位的收缩压、舒张压、心率与直立位比较（经配对t检验）差异有非常显著性（P＜0．01）。直立位与平卧位相比，心率平均快41次／min，舒张压平均高1．1kPa，而收缩压平均低1．32kPa。其中有5例患者平卧位收缩压正常，而直立位时收缩压＜12kPa。作者提出：①给服用抗精神病药物患者测量血压、心率时，应分别取平卧和直立位进行测量，才能了解患者血压和心率的变化。②增药期间应采取直立位测量，对预防体位性低血压有重要意义。     

2种体位留置胃管的效果探讨

目的探讨平卧位与侧卧位对意识障碍患者置胃管的效果。方法将64例意识障碍需留置胃管的患者随机分为2组。A组32例采用平卧位插胃管;B组32例采用侧卧位插胃管,比较2组患者插胃管时的不适症状及一次性插管成功率。结果侧卧位置胃管一次性成功率明显高于平卧位(P<0.05);侧卧位置胃管时患者的不适症状明显少于平卧位(P<0.001)。结论对意识障碍患者采用侧卧位置胃管可提高一次性插管成功率,并可减轻患者的痛苦,提高住院患者的生活质量,值得推广应用。