Postpartum psychological distress after emergency team response during childbirth

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a protocol determining the relationship between emergency team response (ETR) during childbirth and acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.

Methods: In a prospective, observational, cohort design, women experiencing ETR during childbirth were approached and recruited on postpartum day-1 and followed for six weeks. Demographics, obstetric and birth characteristics, ASD scores and PTSD scores (by Impact of Events Scale, IES and PCL-civilian) were recorded. Recruitment and retention rates were recorded, and scores were compared to women who did not experience ETR.

Results: Three hundred sixty-nine were approached and 249 were enrolled (67.5% recruitment rate). One hundred twenty-five completed all procedures (50.2% retention). Twenty experienced ETR (3.5% event rate), 12 enrolled (60.0% recruitment rate) and 8 completed the study (66.7% retention). The ETR group had higher PCL and IES scores (PCL: ETR median 12, non-ETR median 2, p?=?.08; IES: ETR median 22.5, non-ETR median 20, p?=?.08). ASD scores were similar between groups.

Conclusions: Methodology investigating the link between ETR and postpartum psychological distress is feasible and acceptable. A relationship between ETR and PTSD symptoms appears to exist, with ETR being associated with higher PTSD scores compared to non-ETR childbirths. Methods that incorporate awareness of the unique concerns of vulnerable populations are needed.     

46例产后尿潴留原因分析及护理对策

目的 探讨产后尿潴留发生的原因及护理对策.方法 对我院2011年1至12月46例产后尿潴留患者资料进行回顾性分析.结果 产后尿潴留的发生与产程延长、会阴情况、无痛分娩、精神因素等密切相关.结论 通过有效的宣教、指导、护理,可以降低产后尿潴留的发生.     

Is third trimester serotonin reuptake inhibitor use associated with postpartum hemorrhage?

As serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) use may decrease platelet function, previous research has shown a relationship between SRI use and an increased risk for bruising and bleeding. The literature regarding the association between SRI use during pregnancy and increased bleeding at delivery, referred to as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), is mixed. In secondary analyses from two prospective observational studies of pregnant women with mood disorders, 263 women were exposed to an SRI (n = 51) or not (n = 212) in the third trimester. To be precise, we used the terminology estimated blood loss (EBL) >600 cc rather than the term PPH because the current definition of PPH differs. The occurrence of EBL >600 cc was determined using the Peripartum Events Scale (PES) completed from obstetrical records by a blinded medically trained member of the study team. EBL >600 cc occurred in 8.7% of women in this cohort. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of EBL >600 cc in the 24 h after delivery in women taking SRIs during the third trimester (9.8%) compared to non-exposed women (8.5%). Utilizing generalizing estimating equations, the odds of EBL >600 cc in each group were not significantly different (OR 1.17, CI-0.41-3.32, p = 0.77). When the SRI group was limited to women with exposure at the time of delivery, the difference in the odds of EBL >600 cc was unchanged (OR 1.16, CI = 0.37–3.64, p = 0.79). In population, both third trimester and use at delivery of SRIs during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of excessive blood loss.     

Broader autism phenotype as a risk factor for postpartum depression: Hamamatsu Birth Cohort (HBC) Study

The broader autism phenotype (BAP), which refers to the expression of behavioral and cognitive propensities that are milder but qualitatively similar to those defining autism spectrum disorder, can play a crucial role in postpartum depression (PPD). We investigated whether pregnant women's BAP would increase the risk for PPD, using a representative birth cohort in Japan. Pregnant women were enrolled in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort (HBC) Study during their mid-gestation (N = 841) and were followed up until 3 months after delivery. BAP was measured mainly during the 2nd trimester of the pregnancy by using the Broader Phenotype Autism Symptoms Scale. Participants scoring 9 points or higher on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at least once during the first 3 months after childbirth were diagnosed with PPD. Among participants, 128 (15.2%) women were found to have PPD. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that BAP were associated with PPD (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.07–1.31]), even after controlling for other potential confounders. In addition, the association was not moderated by history of depression and/or anxiety disorders, including concurrent depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy. The findings suggest that pregnant women with BAP have an elevated risk for PPD.     

Glucose Tolerance in Women 24 h Postpartum Is Related to Blood Pressure,Anthropometric Data,and Adipokine Serum Levels

Objectives. To characterize glucose tolerance and adipokine serum levels in a cohort of women shortly after delivery. Study Design. A study population of healthy pregnant women (n = 65) was invited to undergo a standardized oral glucose tolerance test within 24 h after delivery at the University Hospital of Leipzig. As controls, 30 nonpregnant healthy, lean women were studied. Glucose, insulin, proinsulin, c-peptide, leptin, adiponectin, and soluble leptin receptor levels were compared in cases and controls by using the Mann–Whitney U two-sample statistics and correlation according to Spearman. Results. As compared to normal glucose tolerant (NGT) women postpartum, fasting c-peptide levels were significantly higher (NGT mothers = 0.23 nmol/L, controls: 0.49 nmol/L, p < 0.001), whereas proinsulin serum levels were significantly lower in nonpregnant controls (NGT mothers = 1.37 pmol/L, controls = 1.00 pmol/L, p = 0.05). Considering fasting adiponectin values, postpartum adiponectin was significantly decreased compared with controls (NGT mothers = 6.9 μg/L, controls = 8.9 μg/L, p = 0.05). Fasting serum levels of leptin (NGT mothers = 17 ng/mL, controls = 10.6 ng/mL, p < 0.009) and soluble leptin receptor (NGT mothers = 34.4 ng/mL, controls = 17.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001) were increased postpartum. Conclusion. We found significantly lower adiponectin and higher leptin sera levels in women postpartum as compared to nonpregnant women. In addition, adipokine serum levels shortly after delivery were related to parameters of adiposity and glucose tolerance. We hypothesize that women in the post-delivery period exhibit biochemical features resembling metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, and derangement of the adipokine system.     

Chronic pelvic pain of obscure origin: A clinical study

A Pelvic Pain Clinic was established to provide diagnostic and therapeutic services to women with severe, chronic pelvic pain of obscure origin. Sixty such women were studied. Their histories revealed a complex pattern of complaints. Conventional clinical investigations usually failed to reveal organic pathology responsible for the symptoms. Twenty-eight patients consented to undergo surgery. Two patients were found to have gynaecological pathology causing prolonged pain. Seventeen patients had normal internal genitalia. Nine patients had minor gynaecological pathology, frequently observed in asymptomatic patients. Twenty-two patients underwent psychological evaluation. The interviews produced evidence of psychiatric syndromes in twenty-one. Patients improved with surgery if organic disease was found. The response to reassurance based on negative laparoscopic findings was also good. The majority of patients were distrustful of explanations involving psychosomatic concepts and were not amenable to group psychotherapy.     

围生期情绪相关知识教育策略对产后心理弹性及产后抑郁的影响

目的分析围生期情绪相关知识教育策略对产后心理弹性及产后抑郁的影响,为产后康复综合干预方案制定提供参考。方法随机选取该院2019年2月-2020年1月分娩的产妇60例作为研究对象,采用数字随机表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组围生期予以常规健康宣教,观察组在对照组常规健康宣教的基础上再予以围生期情绪相关知识专项教育,两组产妇均随访观察至产后第一次健康体检(产后42 d)。对两组产妇产前1周、产后42 d均行心理弹性(CD-RISC10)及产后爱丁堡产后抑郁表(EPDS)测评并行组间比较。对两组产妇产前1周、产后42 d进行围生期情绪相关知识认知水平进行问卷调查,判断认知合格情况并行组间比较。收集整理两组产妇产后并发症并行组间比较。结果两组产妇产前1周对围生期情绪相关知识认知合格率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),产后42 d,两组产妇对围生期情绪相关知识认知合格率均明显上升,且观察组产妇认知合格率明显高于对照组产妇(P<0.05);两组产妇产前一周EPDS评分比较差异无统计学意义,产后42 d两组产妇EPDS较产前有上升,但观察组产妇EPDS评分较对照组产妇低(P<0.05);两组产妇产前一周CD-RISC10各维度及总评分比较组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);产后42 d对照组心理弹性各维度及总评分与产前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组产妇CD-RISC10各维度及总评分较产前1周及对照组高(P<0.05);观察组产妇出院后至42 d并发症率明显低于对照组产妇(P>0.05)。结论围生期情绪相关知识教育可有效提升产妇对围生期情绪管控相关知识的认知水平,提升产后心理弹性水平,降低其产后抑郁及并发症发生率,具有较高的临床价值。