高效液相色谱法测定盐酸金霉素眼膏中盐酸金霉素含量

目的建立HPLC法测定盐酸金霉素软膏中盐酸金霉素含量。方法色谱柱为C8柱（250×4.6mm,5μm）;柱温：45℃;流动相为高氯酸-二甲亚砜-水（8：525：467）;检测波长为280nm。结果该方法盐酸金霉素在0.1mg.mL^-1-2mg.mL^-1的范围内具有良好的线性,直线回归方程为A=4.0×10^7C-8.3298×10^4,相关系数r=0.99995,平均回收率为100.8%,RSD为1.9%。结论该法简便、可靠、准确,可作为盐酸金霉素的含量测定方法。     

门诊药房调剂人员业绩考核方法与成效

目的:通过制定科学的工作业绩计算与考核方法,提高调剂人员的服务质量和工作积极性。方法:每个调剂人员业绩系数由调剂处方系数与综合系数两部分组成,其所占权重分别为80%和20%,其中调剂处方系数由前台调剂处方数量、药品数量和后台摆药处方数量、药品数量的多少求得;综合系数通过服务质量的高低、工作表现的好坏等来决定。业绩系数的高低决定个人奖金的多少。结果:每月对每个调剂人员的工作数量与工作质量有了量化考核指标和量化考核结果;与实施业绩考核前比较,调剂人员间业绩系数相差幅度、调剂差错率显著减小,不合理用药处方能得到及时纠正。结论:该量化考核方法激励了调剂人员的工作积极性,提高了工作效率和服务质量,并可根据实际情况灵活调整,得到大家认可。     

Importance of performance status for treatment outcome in advanced pancreatic cancer

Despite progress in the treatment of advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer (PC), the outcome of this disease remains dismal for the majority of patients.Given the moderate efficacy of treatment, prognostic factors may help to guide treatment decisions. Several trials identified baseline performance status as an important prognostic factor for survival. Unfit patients with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) below 70% only have a marginal benefit from chemotherapy with gemcitabine (Gem) and may often benefit more from optimal supportive care. Once, however, the decision is taken to apply chemotherapy, KPS may be used to select either mono- or combination chemotherapy. Patients with a good performance status (KPS = 90%-100%) may have a significant and clinically relevant survival benefit from combination chemotherapy. By contrast, patients with a poor performance status (KPS ≤ 80%) have no advantage from intensified therapy and should rather receive single-agent treatment.     

Discrepancies in performance status scores as determined by cancer patients and oncologists: are they influenced by depression?

OBJECTIVE: In previous research studies, performance status as determined by cancer patients themselves frequently did not agree with that determined by their oncologists. However, only a few studies have evaluated the reasons for this discrepancy. METHODS: One hundred eleven cancer patients attending the Comprehensive Cancer Center of Seoul National University Hospital were asked to complete a questionnaire that included questions on sociodemographic and medical status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Medical oncology records were reviewed to obtain information and oncologist-assessed ECOG performance status scores. RESULTS: Patients and oncologists agreed in 59 cases (53.2%; weighted kappa=0.17). There were no statistically significant gender-, cancer-type- or cancer-stage-related differences in agreement rates. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that HADS depression subscale was the only variable that significantly contributed to patient-assessed performance status scores (beta=0.50, P=.0005), whereas cancer stage was the only variable that significantly contributed to oncologist-assessed performance status scores (beta=0.34, P=.0004). The mean of HADS depression subscale and the depression rates were highest in patients who rated themselves as most impaired on ECOG performance. CONCLUSIONS: Depression was found to be significantly associated with patients who rated their performance status as more impaired than with the oncologist-assessed score.     

Anaemia-related impairment in quality of life in elderly cancer patients prior to chemotherapy

Purpose Quality of life (QoL) of patients with cancer is a major area of concern for both patients and their physicians. Patients and methods We investigated QoL with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire with reference to anaemia and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) prior to the start of chemotherapy in 477 patients: 195 elderly cancer patients (Group A), 152 younger cancer patients (Group B), and 130 patients aged 60 years or older admitted for non-cancer related disorders (Group C). Results In univariate analysis QoL was significantly worse in 8 out of 15 scales in anaemic compared to non anaemic patients in Group A, in 2 in Group B, and in 7 in Group C. In ANOVA analysis including KPS and haemoglobin status, the influence of anaemia and KPS independently persists in most scales in Group A, in some in Group C, but not in Group B. Conclusions Anaemia and functional impairment are independently related to QoL in elderly cancer and elderly medical patients, but not in younger cancer patients.     

Alerting effects of light

Light exerts powerful non-visual effects on a wide range of biological functions and behavior. In humans, light is intuitively linked with an alert or wakeful state. Compared to the effects of light on human circadian rhythms, little attention has been paid to its acute alerting action. Here I summarize studies from the past two decades, which have defined and quantified the dose (illuminance levels), exposure duration, timing and wavelength of light needed to evoke alerting responses in humans, as well as their temporal relationship to light-induced changes in endocrinological and electrophysiological sequelae of alertness. Furthermore, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological findings from animal studies elucidating a potential role of light in the regulation of sleep/wake states are discussed. A brief outlook of promising clinical and non-clinical applications of lights' alerting properties will be given, and its involvement in the design of more effective lighting at home and in the workplace will be considered.     

Average VO2max as a function of running performances on different distances

Objective

To determine the VO₂max differences as well as average VO₂max values for runners of both genders competing in various race distances at different performance level (International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores).

Material and methods

VO₂max of 137 males and 53 females top-class Spain runners was measured wit a multistage treadmill test. An exhaustive bibliographic analysis of the VO₂max values in different events was also done.

Results

From Spain and literature data, VO₂max increases from 100 to 1500 m in runners with the same performance level (IAAF score). For the 3000, 5000, 10,000 m and marathon groups, VO₂max does not differ significantly. Furthermore and for the same event, small differences in performance level are associated with small or no differences in VO₂max.

Conclusions

At the same level of performance (IAAF scores), VO₂max levels are increasing from 100 to 3000 m showing a greater importance of this parameter for training and selection purposes. On longer distances however, VO₂max levels are the highest but similar indicating that VO₂max is an important prerequisite but that VO₂max importance is similar for all distance events from 3000 m to marathon. On the other hand, within a distance event, VO₂max may be a good discriminator within a group of athletes showing a wide range of performances but not in a homogeneous group of elite athletes.     

Performance evaluation of the Philips MOSAIC small animal PET scanner

Purpose In this study an evaluation of the performance of the Philips MOSAIC small animal PET scanner is presented, with special emphasis on the ability of the system to provide quantitatively accurate PET images. Methods The performance evaluation was structured according to NEMA-like procedures. Results The transaxial spatial resolution of the system (radial component) ranged between 2.7 mm FWHM at the centre and 3.2 mm FWHM at a radial offset of 45 mm from the centre. The axial spatial resolution of the system ranged between 3.4 mm FWHM at the centre and 5.8 mm FWHM at a radial offset of 45 mm from the centre. The scatter fraction was determined for a mouse- as well as for a rat-sized phantom, and the values obtained were 9.6% and 16.8%, respectively. For the mouse phantom, the maximum count rate measured was 560 kcps at 93 MBq; the maximum NEC rate equalled 308 kcps at 1.7 MBq/ml. For the rat phantom, these values were 400 kcps at 100 MBq and 129 kcps at 0.24 MBq/ml, respectively. The sensitivity of the system was derived to be 0.65%. An energy window between 410 and 665 keV was used in all experiments. Conclusion The MOSAIC system exhibits moderate spatial resolution and sensitivity values, but good NEC performance. In combination with its relatively large field of view, the system allows for high-throughput whole-body imaging of mice and rats. The accurate measurement of relative changes in radiotracer distributions is feasible.     

广州市社区公共卫生服务项目实施绩效考评综合分析

目的对广州市城市社区公共卫生服务项目实施进行绩效考评,综合分析并总结实施经验,提出政策建议。方法采用普查和抽样调查的方法,对广州市社区公共卫生服务项目的实施情况进行调查,包括对各区(县级市)考核和对抽查的社区卫生服务中心进行复核,对社区公共卫生服务项目实施结果进行描述性分析。结果12个区(县级市)总体平均得分为84.57分,各抽检中心的平均得分为82.06分,除L区为基本合格外,其余各区均为合格等次。结论实施城市公共卫生项目绩效考核能够全面、客观、科学评价开展公共卫生服务情况,为加强城市基本公共卫生服务体系和社区卫生服务工作内涵建设提供依据。     

UHPP西宁、银川两项目市医疗救助费用控制机制评价

简要描述了西宁、银川两项目市的医疗救助模式,然后对两地的医疗救助费用控制机制进行了评价。从救助对象的界定、预防保健、费用支付方式、社区首诊及双向转诊、救助方式和补偿渠道等方面进行了系统地评价。最后对机制存在的问题进行了综合分析。并提出改进措施。