“全合一”肠外营养液在结直肠癌患者术后应用分析

目的 分析克林维“全合一”标准肠外营养液在结直肠癌术后患者恢复期的应用效果。方法 选取我科 2017 年 1 月至2017年10月收治的60例开腹结直肠癌患者随机分为观察组（n=30）和对照组（n=30），观察组采用克林维“全合一” 营养组方，对照组采用普通营养组方分别于术前、术后第5天监测患者体重、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、甘油三酯、 血清总胆固醇、 高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白的变化，比较两组患者术后肠道功能恢复时间、营养治疗费用、住院天数等指标。 结果 术前两组患者营养相关指标、免疫、应激指标无显著差异（P＞0.05）。术后第 5天，观察组血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、 转铁蛋白计数水平显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组血脂甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。 观察组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间短于对照组（P ＜ 0.05），营养费用低于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。结论 在直肠癌 术后患者恢复期应用克林维“全合一”标准肠外营养液进行营养治疗效果较好，可改善其营养状况、促进肠道功能恢复、 降低应激反应程度，减少住院时间及费用等，同时患者及医护人员满意度较好。     

全凭静脉麻醉下保留自主呼吸行胸腔镜手术的安全性评估

目的：观察保留自主呼吸全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术围术期机体生理变化的影响，并进一步探讨其有效性及安全性。方法：2016年5—11月择期行胸腔镜手术患者64例，随机分为自主呼吸全麻组（40例）及气管插管全麻组（24例）。自主呼吸全麻组以右美托咪定、舒芬太尼、丙泊酚静脉诱导，以右美托咪定、瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚辅以术侧胸腔镜下肋间神经及胸内迷走神经阻滞进行术中维持麻醉。观察并记录术前、开胸前、开胸时、开胸后15 min、开胸后30 min、关胸前、关胸后30 min、关胸后60 min等时间点的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、呼吸频率（RR）、指脉氧饱和度（SPO2）、脑电双频谱指数（BIS）以及相应时间点动脉血酸碱度（pH）、二氧化碳分压（PCO2）、氧分压（PO2）、氧合指数、剩余碱（BE）、碳酸氢根（HCO3-）、二氧化碳总量（TCO2）、电解质等指标的变化，并进一步观察探讨其与气管插管全麻组患者在术前麻醉、拔管呛咳、呕吐、复苏室停留时间、咽喉痛、肺部感染及总住院天数等方面是否有差异。结果：自主呼吸全麻组患者HR、RR、MAP开胸前较术前有所下降（P < 0.05），RR在开胸后30 min、关胸前时间点较开胸前有所增加（P < 0.05）。开胸时MAP较开胸前进一步下降（P < 0.05），于开胸后15 min、开胸后30 min、关胸前时间点逐渐上升，与开胸前时间点比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。SPO2在开胸后15 min、开胸后30 min相比开胸前有所降低（P < 0.05），在关胸后30 min、关胸后60 min恢复到术前水平（P＞0.05）。pH、PO2、氧合指数在开胸后30 min及关胸前较开胸前降低（P < 0.05），PCO2在开胸30 min、关胸前较开胸前升高（P < 0.05），PO2、氧合指数在关胸后30 min时恢复到开胸前水平（P＞0.05），pH、PCO2在关胸后60 min时恢复到开胸前水平（P＞0.05）。BE在关胸后30 min较开胸前降低（P < 0.05）。HCO3-、TCO2、Na+、K+、iCa2+、Glu、Hb等指标各时间点无明显差异。此外自主呼吸全麻组在术前麻醉时间、复苏室停留时间、拔管呛咳及咽喉痛的发生率均低于气管插管全麻组（P < 0.05）。结论：自主呼吸全凭静脉麻醉行胸腔镜手术安全可行，患者生理指标在可接受范围内发生变化，且在关胸后短时间内恢复。     

Type a Behavior and Cardiovascular Recovery from a Psychosocial Stressor

Abstract

The present study examined heart rate responses of Type A and Type B individuals during and after performance on the Stroop perceptual conflict task. The student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey was administered to thirty-two male Caucasians, who then performed the Stroop task for six minutes under conditions that emphasized time urgency and competition. Results showed that Type A's recovered significantly slower than Type B's after task completion. Type A's, compared to Type B's reported feeling more angry, time pressured, and impatient. The notion that Type A individuals may be at higher risk for coronary heart disease because of maladaptively prolonged cardiovascular arousal was discussed.     

Ten-year trends in compliance with the current Spanish nutritional objectives in Balearic Islands adult population (2000–2010)

ObjectiveThe Balearic Islands, a well-known Spanish tourist destination for Europeans, is undergoing profound social events, which are reflected in the current food patterns of this population. The aim of this study was to assess 10-year trends (2000–2010) in compliance with the current Spanish nutritional objectives among the adult population of the Balearic Islands.MethodsTwo independent cross-sectional dietary surveys were carried out among the adult population (16–65 y) of the Balearic Islands in 2000 (n = 1200) and 2010 (n = 1350). Dietary habits were assessed by means of two non-consecutive 24-h diet recalls.ResultsThe proportion of adults complying with the nutritional objectives for consumption of dietary fiber, folate, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, carbohydrate, and fruit has increased over the 10-y span. In 2009 and 2010, 25% of participants met the nutritional objectives for folate, calcium, monounsaturated fatty acid, cholesterol, and fruit. These results are not affected by age, occupational status, or birthplace.ConclusionsThe percentage of compliers with the Spanish nutritional objectives has increased for 6 to 11 items over the 10-y period. A reduction in saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intake, and an increase in dietary fiber, carbohydrate, fruit, vegetables, folate, and calcium intake should be recommended.     

Ramipril/amlodipine single pill – Effectiveness,tolerance and patient satisfaction with antihypertensive therapy in relation to nutritional status

BackgroundOverweight and obesity decrease the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy despite the more frequent use of polytherapy. One method for improving therapy effectiveness is by decreasing non-compliance with the use of fixed-dose combinations (FDC).The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness, tolerance, and satisfaction with ramipril/amlodipine FDC antihypertensive therapy in relation to nutritional status.MethodsThe survey enrolled 24,240 hypertensive patients recently switched to ramipril/amlodipine FDC (EGIRAMLON) at the same doses as previously prescribed separate pills.ResultsThe effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy increased during follow-up from 32.9% to 76.5%. Overweight and obesity were associated with the increased risk of not attaining the recommended BP values [adjusted for age OR = 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.83) and 0.70 (0.61–0.81) for overweight; 0.54 (0.47–0.60) and 0.49 (0.42–0.57) for obese, at the first and the second examination, respectively].“Very good” or “good” the FDP tolerance was reported by 98.8%, 97.6% and 96.4%, respectively.Adverse events (AE) were reported in 0.35% of patients regardless of nutritional status.High levels of satisfaction with the FDC were reported by 57.0% of patients with normal weight, 54.5% of overweight, and 50.6% with obesity. Effectiveness and convenience were the most important for patients.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of therapy with ramipril/amlodipine FDC in the study population was high, but slightly lower in overweigh and obese. This FDC was well tolerated and a significant number of patients satisfied with the therapy regardless of nutritional status. Although the perceived tolerance and satisfaction with treatment were lower in obese and overweight than in normal weight patients; the incidence of AE and perceived benefit from the use of a single-pill, compared to multiple tablets, were comparable irrespective of nutritional status.     

Baseline Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: Is There An Association With Adverse Pathologic Features?

Introduction/BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency in men undergoing radical prostatectomy and determine whether an association exists between preoperative VitD levels and adverse pathologic features.Patients and MethodsPatients scheduled to undergo radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease from January to August 2012 were prospectively followed and those with available preoperative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were included. Men with a known diagnosis of VitD deficiency or taking VitD supplementation were excluded. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether preoperative VitD level is predictive of adverse pathologic outcomes.ResultsOne hundred consecutive men were included. Mean age was 62 (range, 42-79) years and mean VitD level was 26 (range, 6-57) ng/mL. Overall, 65 men (65%) had suboptimal levels of VitD (< 30 ng/mL), and 32 (32%) had deficiency (< 20 ng/mL). There was no significant correlation between VitD and age (P = .5). In logistic regression analysis, VitD level was not predictive of pathologic Gleason (P = .11), pathologic stage (P = .7), or positive margin status (P = .8).ConclusionThe association between VitD and prostate cancer has been controversial and data suggesting an increased risk of aggressive cancer in men with low levels of VitD have been inconsistent. We found that baseline preoperative VitD level was not associated with any adverse pathologic features. However, VitD deficiency is a common finding in this population, although unrelated to patient age. These results represent the first time the correlation between VitD and prostate cancer has been evaluated in a cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy.