河南省5家三甲医院脂肪乳类药物应用现状调查

目的:调查三甲医院营养型脂肪乳类药物不同专业间的应用方式现状,为肠外营养制剂的规范应用提供参考依据。方法:收集河南省5家三甲医院2019年4月至6月期间甘油三酯含量为50 g以上的药品临床应用数据,分析不同专业间脂肪乳类药物应用方式差别,按时间顺序抽取每家医院5%的工业化多腔袋营养处方进行评价。结果:调查期间5家三甲医院甘油三酯含量为50 g的药品应用总量为61 810例次,其中单瓶方式41 940例次(67.9%)、工业化多腔袋方式15 774例次(25.5%)、全营养混合液方式4 096例次(6.6%),三种方式应用比为10.2:3.9:1。ICU、内科、外科专业单瓶应用比例分别为67.1%、77.2%、64.2%,专业间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。在"全合一"方式应用中,ICU、内科、外科间工业化多腔袋应用比例分别为50.3%、55.0%、91.2%,专业间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。抽取的789份工业化多腔袋营养处方中,无药物添加的有158份(20.0%),至少添加1种营养药物的有631份(80.0%)。添加其他药物后处方的氮量范围3.4~13.4 g,热氮比范围67~219 kcal:1 g。结论:5家三甲医院营养型脂肪乳类药物仍以单瓶方式应用为主,工业化多腔袋应用比例偏低且添加营养药物的现象较为普遍,亟需相关的规范性文件。     

Experiences in Computer Audiometry (ECoG and ERA)

By the ear-drum arrangement of electrode action potentials of the 8th nerve may be recorded down to the threshold intensities of click stimuli. A decrease in the amplitude of these potentials was observed with ipsilateral presentation of a masking noise. Contralateral conditioning sound stimulation caused either an increase or a decrease of click-evoked action potentials. The increase was observed with intensities of conditioning stimuli exceeding 50-60 dB SL, whereas the decrease was stated at higher stimulation levels. The former effect was ascribed to the activity of the olivo-cochlear fibres and the latter effect to reflex contraction of the middle ear muscles

Scalp-derived slow auditory evoked responses were studied in different conditions of sound stimulation. The peak latencies of these responses were longer, and the peak amplitude was lower for tone bursts as compared to effects of intensity-modulated tonal stimuli. With equal intensities of tonal increments, the peak latencies of derived responses were shorter and the amplitude was greater at higher steady-tone levels. In most cases, there was a close correspondence of the objective and subjective thresholds for both tone bursts and intensity-modulated stimuli. On the grounds of data obtained, the problems related to cross-examination and control test procedures during computer audiometry are discussed     

Phenomenology of OCD: Lessons from a large multicenter study and implications for ICD-11

This study aimed to investigate the phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), addressing specific questions about the nature of obsessions and compulsions, and to contribute to the World Health Organization's (WHO) revision of OCD diagnostic guidelines. Data from 1001 patients from the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders were used. Patients were evaluated by trained clinicians using validated instruments, including the Dimensional Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, the University of Sao Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale, and the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale. The aims were to compare the types of sensory phenomena (SP, subjective experiences that precede or accompany compulsions) in OCD patients with and without tic disorders and to determine the frequency of mental compulsions, the co-occurrence of obsessions and compulsions, and the range of insight. SP were common in the whole sample, but patients with tic disorders were more likely to have physical sensations and urges only. Mental compulsions occurred in the majority of OCD patients. It was extremely rare for OCD patients to have obsessions without compulsions. A wide range of insight into OCD beliefs was observed, with a small subset presenting no insight. The data generated from this large sample will help practicing clinicians appreciate the full range of OCD symptoms and confirm prior studies in smaller samples the degree to which insight varies. These findings also support specific revisions to the WHO's diagnostic guidelines for OCD, such as describing sensory phenomena, mental compulsions and level of insight, so that the world-wide recognition of this disabling disorder is increased.     

Liver Transplantation Following Life-threatening Abdominal Trauma: A Case Series of 5 Patients at a Single Institution

Managing traumatic liver injury (TLI) is always challenging and demands precise clinical judgment. Currently, treatment of TLI in most circumstances is non-operative; however, surgical therapy might be required for severe TLI, particularly those that result in extensive blood loss. In the current institutional study carried out from June 1995 to April 2017, we describe our experience with 5 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant for severe TLI. One patient passed away postoperatively from cerebral edema; 1 patient died of renal failure 4 years after the liver transplantation, and 3 patients are still alive. Based on our experience, we conclude that in patients with TLI, especially those with uncontrollable bleeding or those who develop liver failure, liver transplantation should be taken into consideration.     

Moderate alcohol consumption and lower total mortality risk: Justified doubts or established facts?

For almost a century, the scientific community is aware of the J-shaped curve between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. Moderate drinkers seem to live longer than both abstainers and heavy drinkers. These epidemiological observations regarding moderate alcohol consumption and beneficial health effects have been incessantly scrutinised for confounding and bias. This viewpoint discusses previous and recent criticisms regarding the J-shaped curve between alcohol consumption and total mortality risk. The controversies regarding the J-shaped curve between alcohol consumption and mortality are ongoing, as well as the debate among scientists in this area of research, resulting in conflicting messages in media and in different alcohol guidelines. Although it appears quite difficult to come up with a position statement only based on the currently available scientific data, it is imperative to fairly inform the public, without creating confusion and, worst case, disbelief in science.     

两种柽柳对盐胁迫的生理生化响应

柽柳属(Tamarix chinensis L.)植物,为多年生泌盐盐生植物,是一类重要灌木植物,具有许多独特的生物、生态学特征。本研究以刚毛柽柳(T.hispida Wild)和长穗柽柳(T.elongata Ledeb)为研究对象,采用盆栽实验,开展耐盐性实验:中性盐NaCl设置0、50、100、150和200 mmoL/L 5个浓度水平,通过测定盐胁迫下两种柽柳的光合速率、蒸腾速率、游离脯氨酸含量、干重等生理指标,结果显示:刚毛柽柳和长穗柽柳均表现出较强的耐盐能力,但刚毛柽柳受NaCl胁迫的影响较小,表明刚毛柽柳耐盐性强于长穗柽柳,可作为柽柳属植物耐盐生理和分子机制研究的备选材料。     

Intrapartum fetal surveillance: a physiological approach

Continuous utero-placental circulation, and patent umbilical blood vessels ensure an uninterrupted transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus as well as clearance of metabolic waste products. The onset of labour characterized by progressive and strong uterine contractions poses a threat to fetal oxygenation as a result of collapsing the spiral arterioles traversing the myometrium to supply the placental bed, and repetitive compression of the blood vessels within the umbilical cord. Human fetuses are equipped with compensatory mechanisms to cope with transient interruptions of blood supply during labour. The ability to compensate may be blunted in cases of poor fetal reserves, increased metabolic demand (macrosomia or maternal fever), and due to non-hypoxic pathways (e.g. chorioamniontis or fetal hypovolumia-hypotension syndrome). Intrapartum fetal surveillance involves prompt recognition of the features that signal the onset of fetal decompensation on the cardiotocograph (CTG) to ensure a timely intervention to avoid hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) or perinatal deaths. This article summarises a ‘physiological approach’ to the interpretation of the CTG which, in places, conflicts with other current UK guidance.