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81.
BACKGROUND: There is often no satisfactory treatment for chronic pain after spinal cord injury. We have previously reported that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (R-PIA) or the opioid morphine has anti-allodynic effects in a model of presumed chronic central pain after photochemically induced spinal cord injury in rats. In the present study, we set out to investigate the possible interaction between i.t. R-PIA and morphine in spinally injured rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats displaying allodynia-like behaviors to mechanical and cold stimuli after photochemically induced spinal cord injury with minor motor deficits were used. R-PIA and morphine, either alone or in combination, were administered i.t. through an implanted catheter to lumbar spinal cord. RESULTS: Cumulative doses of R-PIA or morphine dose-dependently reduced the mechanical allodynia-like behavior, with a threshold of 1 nmol and 1.5 nmol, respectively. When co-administrated, R-PIA and morphine produced marked suppression of mechanical allodynia at doses of 5 pmol and 7.5 pmol, respectively. The effect of i.t. co-administration of R-PIA and morphine on cold allodynia was comparable to i.t. R-PIA alone. The combination of R-PIA and morphine did not increase adverse effects such as motor deficits in comparison to either drug alone. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate a supra-additive interaction between the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-PIA and morphine to reduce mechanical allodynia-like behavior in rats with chronic spinal cord injury. The combination of R-PIA and morphine administered spinally may be superior to R-PIA or morphine alone for treating such pain.  相似文献   
82.
This study examines the relationship between pneumatic tourniquet cuff size, occlusion pressure and the resulting pain. Two tourniquet cuff widths were used, a wide (14 cm) and a narrow cuff (7 cm). Twenty volunteers were divided into two groups for tourniquet application: a pressure group in which the tourniquet was inflated to a pressure equal to the systolic pressure + 100 mmHg, and a saturation group in which the tourniquet was inflated to 10 mmHg above the loss of arterial pulse, as indicated by cessation of pulse waveform on an oximeter. According to a randomised cross-over protocol, subjects were studied using wide and narrow cuffs simultaneously and/or successively on both arms. Pain was assessed by subjects by means of a visual analogue score (0-10 cm). Occlusion pressures were similar for all volunteers in the pressure group and significantly higher than those in the saturation group with both the wide and narrow tourniquets. The wide cuff data turned out to be significantly lower than the narrow cuff results. Subjects in the pressure group could tolerate pain with the narrow cuff for significantly longer than with the wide cuff. However, in the saturation group, volunteers tolerated the wide cuff for longer. Pain intensity increased more rapidly in those in the pressure group with the wide cuff than with the narrow cuff. In contrast, volunteers in the saturation group found the narrow cuff to be more painful than the wide cuff. In conclusion, this study has shown that a wide tourniquet cuff is less painful than a narrow cuff if inflated at lower pressures and at these lower pressures it is still effective at occluding blood flow.  相似文献   
83.
84.
This paper presents a cross-sectional survey of subjective quality of life in a sample of 40 Italian patients with disabling mental disorders living in the community. The patients self-rated their quality of life by the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale. They were satisfied in relation to basic needs, such as housing, food or clothing and appreciated to some extent the services received, but were very unhappy about their income and their intimate sexual relationships. This Italian sample appeared less satisfied than most samples of people with severe mental disorders investigated by the same instrument in other countries. This may be related to the high level of psychopathology and disability shown by patients for whom survival in the community is in itself an achievement. However, lack of money and poor sexual life are common concerns of long-term mentally ill. How to address such problems is a major challenge for community psychiatric services.  相似文献   
85.
86.
Abnormal illness behavior, such as hypochondriacal attitude and inappropriate treatment-seeking, has been associated with various psychiatric disorders in which patients tend to abuse medical services and seek inappropriate treatment in general practice clinics rather than psychiatric clinics. However, the relationship between illness behavior and psychiatric disorders in Japan is yet to be elucidated. We examined the abnormal illness behavior of 243 patients who visited the outpatient department of psychiatry at Saga Medical School Hospital, Saga, Japan, using a Japanese version of the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ). Multivariate analysis indicated significant association between some of the IBQ scale scores and age, sex and employment status. Patients with anxiety disorder scored higher on five of the seven IBQ scales compared with patients with another major disorder (mood disorder, schizophrenia or somatoform disorder). When compared with the IBQ scale scores reported in Australian patients in a psychiatric hospital, most of the IBQ scale scores differed significantly in our patients; a higher score among Japanese patients on the general hypochondriasis scale was most prominent. A similar trend in IBQ scale scores was also noted among Japanese patients visiting the hospital's general medicine clinic in comparison with Australian patients visiting a general practice clinic. Japanese patients with anxiety disorder may display the most salient abnormal illness behaviors among patients with psychiatric disorders. Sociocultural background may contribute to the characteristic abnormal illness behaviors of Japanese patients.  相似文献   
87.
管理学课程教学创新探讨   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
茅宁莹 《药学教育》2005,21(6):31-34
管理学是研究管理活动的科学知识体系,是一门综合性应用学科,具有科学性和艺术性。针对管理学在新形势下不断呈现出的特点,探讨了管理学课程的教学目标、教学内容及教学方法应该作出的调整和创新。  相似文献   
88.
目的:探讨针刺导气法治疗急性腰扭伤的临床价值.方法:将60例急性腰扭伤患者随机单盲分为两组,观察组30例,在针刺得气的基础上施以导气法治疗;对照组30例,在常规针刺得气后留针20 min.3 d后观察疗效.结果:观察组痊愈率为86.7%,对照组为43.3%,观察组痊愈率明显优于对照组(P<0.01).结论:针刺导气法是治疗腰扭伤的一种较好的方法.  相似文献   
89.
零缺陷管理理论在医院感染管理中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨医院感染管理的有效方法,减少医院感染的发生率,提高医疗质量. 方法将"零缺陷"管理理论导入医院感染管理中,利用高层领导者特有的影响力,推行"零缺陷"活动;通过健全质量保证体系,实现质量标准化,加强专业队伍建设和全员教育,排除影响质量管理的不良因素并实施持续质量改进,使医院感染管理逐步趋近"零缺陷". 结果各项质量管理措施得以落实,医院感染率明显减少. 结论 "零缺陷"管理理论用于医院感染管理是切实可行的.  相似文献   
90.
本院在文献研究和运用信息技术挖掘现有药品质量数据基础上,提出基于智慧药学服务的药品质量管理策略并搭建质量管理信息平台。该平台运用数字可视化技术实现了药品供应质量全程、实时监管,有助于提高药品供应质量监管的准确性、真实性、实时性,为进一步探索信息化药品供应质量评价体系的建立奠定基础。  相似文献   
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