Infection after fracture fixation: Current surgical and microbiological concepts

One of the most challenging complications in trauma surgery is infection after fracture fixation (IAFF). IAFF may result in permanent functional loss or even amputation of the affected limb in patients who may otherwise be expected to achieve complete, uneventful healing. Over the past decades, the problem of implant related bone infections has garnered increasing attention both in the clinical as well as preclinical arenas; however this has primarily been focused upon prosthetic joint infection (PJI), rather than on IAFF. Although IAFF shares many similarities with PJI, there are numerous critical differences in many facets including prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Admittedly, extrapolating data from PJI research to IAFF has been of value to the trauma surgeon, but we should also be aware of the unique challenges posed by IAFF that may not be accounted for in the PJI literature.This review summarizes the clinical approaches towards the diagnosis and treatment of IAFF with an emphasis on the unique aspects of fracture care that distinguish IAFF from PJI. Finally, recent developments in anti-infective technologies that may be particularly suitable or applicable for trauma patients in the future will be briefly discussed.     

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

正2014年6月~2015年6月,我科采用股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗24例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组24例,男9例,女15例,年龄60~85(69.6±5.7)岁。骨折按Evans-Jensen分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型6例。入院至手术时间2~10(6±2.3)d。1.2治疗方法患者入院后予以患肢股骨髁上牵引,早期行低分子肝素皮下注射结合患肢主动踝泵锻炼,高血压、高血糖患者术前调整血压、血糖等。手术采用全身麻醉或腰硬联合麻醉。在C     

Cardiac implantable devices and Takotsubo syndrome. A rare but potential eventuality

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome which mimics acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurring often after an emotional or physical stress. We report the case of a female patient who suffered from Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated to a coronary fistula after pacemaker implantation. Its occurrence should be always remembered by the implanters, avoiding it by an appropriate psychological screening and use of conscious sedation.     

Friedrich Trendelenburg: Historical background and significant medical contributions

Friedrich Trendelenburg's name is widely known today because it is associated with the Trendelenburg position. However, Trendelenburg made many other valuable contributions to the field of medicine, including a test, a gait, and a sign. A historical review of his life helps to elucidate the factors that contributed to his innovative approaches and techniques. Both Trendelenburg's mentors in his early years and the influences upon him throughout his professional career contributed to his development as a pioneer of surgery, anesthesia, and clinical diagnostics. Clin. Anat. 27:815–820, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A Psychosocial Comparison of New Orleans and Houston Crack Smokers in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina

The purpose of this study was to compare psychological distress in a sample of African American crack cocaine users who relocated to Houston from New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina to African American drug users resident in Houston. Fifty-four African Americans from New Orleans were compared to a sample of 162 people in Houston. Data were collected between June 2002 and December 2005. There were no significant differences between the two groups on either depression or anxiety, but the New Orleans sample scored higher on the self-esteem scale and scored slightly lower on the risk-taking scale.     

切开复位锁定接骨板固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的近期疗效

目的探讨切开复位锁定接骨板固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的近期疗效。方法回顾分析2007年5月～2011年1月间因移位性肱骨近端骨折接受锁定接骨板切开复位内同定治疗的98例（98肩）老年患者资料。术后进行临床及影像学随访，记录患者的骨折愈合时间、并发症情况。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）、美国肩肘关节外科医师评分（ASES）对患者临床效果进行评估。结果所有患者均获随访，平均随访时间为16个月。1例因术后发生肱骨头坏死行肩关节置换，其余97例骨折均获得愈合，平均骨折愈合时间为4．5个月。6例出现一定程度肩关节周围肌肉挛缩。所有患者均未发生手术部位感染。平均VAS评分从术前（7．9±1．2）分降低到末次随访时的（1．9±0．8）分（P〈0．05）；平均ASES评分从术前的（13．7±9．6）分提高到末次随访时的（91．8±12．5）分（P〈0．05）。结论切开复位锁定接骨板同定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的近期疗效满意，肱骨头坏死发生率低。     

Flow cytometric measurements of heat shock proteins

A fixation and immunofluorescence staining procedure for measurements of heat shock proteins (hsp) by flow cytometry is reported. Three fixatives were compared: 80% methanol at —20°C for 1 h, 70% ethanol at 0°C for 1 h, and 3% paraformaldehyde at 4°C for 1 h followed by 0·2% NP-40. Cells fixed with methanol showed strongest immunofluorescence and lowest nonspecific fluorescence. The level of hsp 70 as a function of time after heating followed the same kinetics as the development of thermotolerance reported by others. The level of hsp 70 increased with increasing heat dose up to a maximum heat dose, and above this heat dose a decrease in the level of hsp 70 was observed. Correlated measurements of the level of hsp 70 and DNA showed that hsp 70 was found in all phases of the cell cycle. The level of hsp 70 increased about two-fold in unheated cells throughout the cell cycle. The increase in G₂ + M cells compared with G₁ cells was lower in cells heated at 45°C for 20 min followed by incubation at 37°C for 24 h before fixation and staining, than in unheated cells. The results show that flow cytometry provides a rapid and quantitative technique for measuring hsp. Correlated measurements of hsp and other cellular parameters might also be obtained.     

股骨粗隆间骨折DHS术后髋内翻原因分析

目的分析股骨粗隆间骨折患者通过采用动力髋螺钉（DHS）内固定，术后部分患者出现髋内翻的原因，找到预防方法。方法对本院2004年6月-2012年12月收治的164例股骨粗隆间骨折患者行DHS术式病例术后恢复情况进行比较。结果出现髋内翻的患者共14例，对于出现髋内翻的原因进行分析。结论出现髋内翻的患者多为老年患者，常见原因为：①老年不稳定的骨折；②骨质疏松；③术中骨折复住情况欠佳；④行DHS内固定时的操作方法不当。