偏头痛的功能医学法治疗：附1例分析报告

偏头痛是成年人常见的一种疾病，复发率高。目前，临床治疗主要以缓解症状为主。本病例采用功能医学思维方法，探寻偏头痛的原因及其发展规律，分析其演变过程，为偏头痛治疗提供新的思路。     

Efficacy of treatment of insomnia in migraineurs with eszopiclone (Lunesta®) and its effect on total sleep time,headache frequency,and daytime functioning: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group,pilot study

Aims:

A review on headache and insomnia revealed that insomnia is a risk factor for increased headache frequency and headache intensity in migraineurs. The authors designed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, pilot study in which migraineurs who also had insomnia were enrolled, to test this observation.

Methodology:

In the study, the authors treated 79 subjects with IHS-II migraine with and/or without aura and with DSM-IV primary insomnia for 6 weeks with 3 mg eszopiclone (Lunesta^®) or placebo at bedtime. The treatment was preceded by a 2-week baseline period and followed by a 2-week run-out period.

Results:

Of the 79 subjects treated, 75 were evaluable, 35 in the eszopiclone group, and 40 in the placebo group. At baseline, the groups were comparable except for sleep latency. Of the three remaining sleep variables, total sleep time, nighttime awakenings, and sleep quality, the number of nighttime awakenings during the 6-week treatment period was significantly lower in the eszopiclone group than in the placebo group (P?=?0·03). Of the three daytime variables, alertness, fatigue, and functioning, this was also the case for fatigue (P?=?005). The headache variables, frequency, duration, and intensity, did not show a difference from placebo during the 6-week treatment period.

Conclusions:

The study did not meet primary endpoint, that is, the difference in total sleep time during the 6-week treatment period between eszopiclone and placebo was less than 40 minutes. Therefore, it failed to answer the question as to whether insomnia is, indeed, a risk factor for increased headache frequency and headache intensity in migraineurs.     

La vasodilatation a-t-elle un rôle dans la migraine ? Oui

The role of vasodilatation in migraine pathophysiology is still debated with three hypotheses. The first is that vasodilatation of meningeal or intracranial arteries are the primary cause of pain. The second is that vasodilatation is secondary to neuronal activation, but can sustain or increase pain through sensitized perivascular nociceptors. The third is that vasodilatation is an epiphenomenon neither sufficient nor necessary for pain. We review in this part the arguments in favor of the old hypothesis that vasodilation is the primary cause of pain. Finally we show that there is a mild vasodilation during the attacks provoked by CGRP infusion.     

偏头痛预防性药物治疗降低血清谷氨酸水平研究

目的探讨谷氨酸在偏头痛中发病机制的作用及水平变化。方法抽选珠海市平沙医院门诊或者住院诊断为偏头痛患者60例,随机分组分为预防性药物治疗组(应用西比灵治疗)和常规药物治疗组,各30例。同时选择60例健康人员作为对照组,不进行任何药物治疗。测量所选对象体内血清谷氨酸水平,比较偏头痛及对照正常组患者用药前及用药后8 w血浆中谷氨酸水平及用药前后头痛发作时间。同时对比治疗组两种方法治疗后患者头痛发作频率。结果药物使用前,治疗组患者谷氨酸水平为(235.6±25.6)μmol/L,明显高于对照组,P<0.01;治疗后8 w,治疗组谷氨酸水平明显下降,与对照组比较,P>0.05;治疗后,预防性药物治疗组患者谷氨酸水平明显降低,发作频率明显减少,与对照组相比,P<0.05。结论偏头痛患者血清内谷氨酸水平明显提高,预防性药物明显能够降低谷氨酸水平,降低头痛发作频率。     

La vasodilatation a-t-elle un rôle dans la migraine ? Non

IntroductionThe hypothesis that migraine pain is caused by vasodilation has been challenged by clinical and experimental evidence.State of artThe most convincing arguments against the vascular hypothesis come from neuroimaging data. Magnetic resonance imaging studies show that spontaneous migraine attacks are not accompanied by extracranial vasodilation, and by only slight dilation of the intracranial arteries. Pharmacologically-induced migraine attacks also provide further evidence against the role of vasodilation in migraine. Vasodilators such as sildenafil and nitroglycerine trigger attacks without dilation of the middle cerebral artery diameter, whereas VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) markedly dilates intra- and extracranial arteries but does not induce migraine attacks. Clinical studies also show a lack of correspondence between the subjective experience of throbbing headache and the arterial pulse. Moreover, many acute anti-migraine agents are not vasoconstrictors.PerspectivesFurther studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms of migraine headache generation.ConclusionsContrary to a longstanding and widespread belief, vasodilatation is neither sufficient nor necessary to cause migraine headache and is probably an epiphenomenon.