Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast carcinoma analysed by computer image analyser: correlation with histological grade and metastatic behaviour

 

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D (CD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in 65 cases of breast carcinoma in Japanese women and traditional prognostic factors such as histological grade, lymph node status, mitotic rate and clinical stage, in order to possibly identify some indicator(s) that may be specifically associated with prognosis.  

Methods and results:

Serial sections of 5-μm thick were cut from the archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, and processed for CD, PCNA and EGF-R immunostaining. The results were analysed by computer-based image analysis system. All samples showed a positive immunoreaction for cathepsin D in both the parenchyma and stroma. However, the staining area and intensity varied from cell to cell in the parenchyma and stroma as well as among samples. Subsequently, the evaluation of immunostaining for CD was separately performed in both the parenchyma and stroma (CDpar and CDstr, respectively) and the combination of both components (CDtotal). PCNA and EGF-R showed positive immunostaining almost exclusively in the parenchymal component of the carcinoma tissue specimens. CDtotal significantly correlated with the histological grade, PCNA index (PI), mitotic rate (MR), EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. Significant correlation was also demonstrated between CDpar and the histological grade, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis, or between CDstr and MR, EGF-R and lymph node metastasis. EGF-R correlated highly with the histological grade, MR score, lymph node metastases and recurrence-free survival.  

Conclusions:

Both the CD parameters and EGF-R are valuable indicators for predicting the biological behaviour of human breast carcinoma.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对非小细胞肺癌区域淋巴结诊断的假阴性与假阳性研究

目的探讨18^F-FDG PET／CT在检测非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）区域淋巴结中出现假阴性和假阳性的因素。方法随机选择手术治疗的NSCLC患者48例，术前1周内行18^F—FDG PET／CT检查，同期行CT增强扫描，术后根据病理检查结果分析PET／CT诊断NSCLC区域淋巴结转移的假阴性与假阳性因素。结果48例患者共切除区域淋巴结313枚，转移淋巴结51枚，PET／CT结果7枚假阴性。8枚假阳性，阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为85％，97％，高于CT（57％，94％；P=0．002，0．045）。3枚假阴性淋巴结内的癌灶较小；2枚淋巴结短径约为0．4mm，小于PET／CT的空间分辨率；2枚紧邻原发灶的淋巴结，图像无法区分而视为原发灶。8枚假阳性淋巴结为患者在原发病灶基础上并发不同程度的肺部疾病和淋巴结炎症，使其糖代谢率增高。结论假阳性出于（1）淋巴结的短径小于PET／CT的空间分辨率；（2）淋巴结内的小癌灶糖代谢率较低；（3）紧邻原发灶的淋巴结与原发灶无法区分。原发肿瘤合并肺部疾病是导致PET／CT出现假阳性的重要原因。     

乳腺癌全乳切除加低位腋窝淋巴结清除术的远期疗效

目的：探讨全乳切除加低腋淋巴结清除术对乳腺癌预后的影响。方法：随访1988一1992年本院98例乳腺癌行全乳切除加低腋淋巴结清除术患者，并以同期156例乳腺癌行根治术患者做对照。结果：两组5年生存率分别为68．4％(67／98)和72、4％(113／156)，两组无显著差异(P＞0．05)，l0年生存率分别为26．5％(26／98)和55．1％(86／156)，总复发率分别为61．2％(60／98)和l7．3％(27／56)，平均淋巴结检出数6一15个，有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论：滥用全乳切除加低腋窝淋巴结清除术对乳腺癌预后有影响，尤其l0年生存率、锁骨上淋巴结转移率。     

Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma: a report of two cases

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare, malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory epithelium. It has an aggressive biological behavior that is characterized by local recurrence, atypical distant metastasis, and poor long-term prognosis. The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in olfactory neuroblastoma is variable, and treatment modalities are controversial. Moreover, few reports have been published concerning retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma. We present two cases of olfactory neuroblastoma with retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis. In addition, we provided a review of the current literature regarding olfactory neuroblastoma and retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma.     

胃癌切除术中、术后亚甲蓝染色检测前哨淋巴结

目的探讨胃癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)定位技术的可行性,并比较术中、术后不同方法定位SLN技术的利弊。方法使用亚甲蓝染料,对68例胃癌D2根治术标本分组进行术中、术后SLN定位。结果术中SLN的阳性判断值、阴性判断值、敏感性和特异性分别为100%(8/8)、91.7%(22/24)、80.0(8/10)和100%(22/22);术后SLN的阳性判断值、阴性判断值、敏感性和特异性分别为100%(10/10)、98.9%(22/23)、90.9(10/11)和100%(22/22)。结论胃癌SLN定位技术是可行的,对提高胃癌临床病理分期的精确性有一定价值。     

颈部淋巴结超声特征的计算机提取及相关性评价

目的：评价计算机所提取的颈部淋巴结超声特征与医生的经验判断的相关性，以预测能否实现颈部淋巴结超声图像计算机辅助诊断。材料和方法：利用彩色多普勒超声观察43例患者的106个淋巴结的超声特征，包括大小、形态、边界、纵横比、淋巴门、皮髓质分布及比例、淋巴结内部回声、血流分布等。将超声医生判断分级的结果与计算机提取的淋巴结超声特征的参数定量结果作相关分析。结果：相关性较好的参数为NRL过零率（r=0．304，P=0．002）、凸包深度（r=0．32，P=0．001）、长／短径比率（r=-0．318，P=0．001）、血流像素点数（r=0．702，P〈0．001）、投影轮廓点分布的熵（r=0．719，P〈0．001）。结论：通过对颈部淋巴结超声图像提取量化特征参数，初步实现了颈部淋巴结良、恶性疾病的计算机辅助诊断。     

Ⅳ期胃癌的外科治疗评价

目的 评价外科治疗对Ⅳ期胃癌的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析1993年4月至2004年12月外科治疗Ⅳ期胃癌患者200例，手术后随访时间为4-116个月，随访率为93．5％，用Kaplan-Meier进行生存曲线分析，LogRank进行生存曲线显著性检验。结果 本组手术切除率为80％，根治性切除105例，姑息性切除55例。淋巴结清扫范围D12例，D278例，D3及D3^＋26例。Ⅳ期胃癌患者的中位生存时间为（21．5±2．3）个月。根治性切除与姑息性切除者较仅行手术探查者的生存率明显提高。扩大淋巴结清扫范围可以提高术后生存率。局部因素P1H0T1-3N0-2,P0H1N0-2T1-3、T4N2-3、T1-3N3患者的生存时间明显长于全身因素P2-3、H2-3、P1-3，H1-3、TnNnM1的胃癌患者。对于P1H0T1-3N0-2、P0H1N0-2T1-3和T4N2-3,T1-3N3病例的根治性切除和联合脏器切除和D3淋巴结清扫，术后患者的生存时间明显长于行姑息性切除及手术探查、单纯切除以及D2淋巴结清扫的患者。结论对可以达到根治性切除的Ⅳ期胃癌进行根治性切除、D2以上淋巴结清扫和联合脏器切除可提高患者术后的生存率。     

房室结逆向传导电生理特点的观察

目的研究房室结逆向传导的电生理特点。方法分析在我院行电生理检查和／或射频消融的成年患者中电生理资料比较完整的300例患者的房室结逆传电生理特点。结果射频消融术后有161例（54％）有房室结逆传。有逆传患者的前传功能要好于无逆传的患者，对于术后存在室房逆传的患者，逆传功能均明显差于前传功能。射频消融术后有28例（17％）经房室结逆传最早激动冠状静脉窦口，其逆传功能较最早激动希氏束电图的病例相比要差，而两者的前传功能差异无统计学意义。结论射频消融术后54％的患者存在房室结逆传，可能是正常人群中室房逆传的真实反映。有室房逆传患者的房室结前传功能优于无室房逆传者，也优于其本身的逆传功能。房室结逆传冲动进入心房可能存在两条不同的通路。