Immunisation of healthcare workers in the Nordic countries: Variation in recommendations and practices and a lack of assessment

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of both exposure and transmission of infectious disease. Two European Union (EU) directives state that health services are responsible for assessing their employees’ potential exposure to infectious diseases and offering immunisation free of charge. We assessed current policy for immunisation of HCWs and the availability of vaccine coverage data in the Nordic countries by surveying national vaccination experts in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Swedish county medical officers (CMOs). All national experts and 17 of 21 Swedish CMOs responded. All EU countries had transposed the European directives into national law, while Norway and Iceland had similar national legislation. Recommendations or guidelines were issued in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and 15 of 17 responding Swedish counties. The range of diseases covered differed by countries and Swedish counties. HCW vaccine coverage data were not systematically collected; incomplete estimates were only available for Finland and two Swedish counties. In conclusion, recommendations or guidelines exist in the Nordic countries, but their impact cannot be assessed, as vaccine uptake among HCWs is not currently measured. Systematic collection of data is a necessary step towards improving HCW immunisation policy and practice in the Nordic countries.     

Oral Everolimus for Treatment of a Giant Left Ventricular Rhabdomyoma in a Neonate—Rapid Tumor Regression Documented by Real Time 3D Echocardiography

The presented case reports on successful treatment with everolimus in a neonate with left ventricular giant rhabdomyoma. The authors used a different dosage regime compared to literature and documented rapid tumor regression by 3D echocardiography.     

临床护理路径在心血管患者静脉留置针中的研究分析

目的:提高静脉留置针使用有效期,保证心血管患者得到及时用药,有效开放静脉抢救通道。方法:建立了心血管患者静脉留置针的临床护理路径(Clinical Nursing Pathway,CNP)。选择我院2018年1-12月期间接诊的静脉留置针心血管患者为研究对象,共100例,随机分组,即对照组(50例,常规护理)与实验组(50例,在常规护理基础上辅以临床护理路径),比较两组护理效果,包括留置时间、不良反应情况、患者满意度等。结果:护理后,两组患者留置时间无明显差异,但实验组不良反应发生率、静脉炎发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组满意度、一次性置管成功率高于对照组,而非计划性拔管率则低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心血管患者静脉留置针护理中辅以临床护理路径,可减少不良反应,预防静脉炎,延长置管时间,提高护理满意度,值得优选。     

谭新华从肝肾论治男科疾病临证经验

谭新华教授采用温肾补肝、益肾疏肝、填精消癥、养肾柔肝、补肾泻肝之法治疗男性不育症、勃起功能障碍、前列腺增生症、精索静脉曲张、慢性前列腺炎等男科疾病临床疗效显著。本文结合典型案例对谭教授从肝肾论治男科疾病经验进行总结。     

周晋华运用环磷酰胺联合中药紫杉治疗晚期肺癌经验

肺癌多是邪祟之物郁结留滞致使人体气血运行不畅所致,周晋华主任认为肺癌的发生与正虚邪害密不可分,而晚期肿瘤患者虚多实少,全身为虚,当以脾虚为主,“得脾胃者得中央,得中央者得天下”,局部为实,故当以缓治,固脾胃之本培人体之元,周晋华主任运用低剂量规律口服环磷酰胺联合中药紫杉片解毒散结配伍,佐以益气健脾之法治疗晚期肺癌患者,发现对身体基础状况较差的老年肿瘤患者有良好的效果,此法是从姑息性治疗角度运用中西医结合的方法将静脉化疗药环磷酰胺改为口服,在提高老年患者对化疗药物的耐受性,减轻化疗副作用方面有一定的优势,为临床治疗晚期肺癌提供一种新思维。     

大病保险对我国中老年人家庭灾难性卫生支出影响实证分析

目的:考察大病保险对我国中老年人家庭灾难性卫生支出的影响,为完善我国大病保险制度提供建议。方法:以中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库(2011年与2015年)中45岁及以上的城乡中老年人家庭作为研究对象,利用描述性统计法和两部模型法分析大病保险对我国中老年人家庭灾难性卫生支出的影响。结果:目前的大病保险政策从总体上降低了中老年人家庭灾难性卫生支出的发生率,但没有显著降低其发生强度。结论:目前的大病保险并未达到其预期的效果,只是解决了"面"的问题,从总体上降低了灾难性卫生支出发生的可能性,但并没有解决"点"的问题,没有有效降低其大额的医疗卫生支出进而减少其医疗经济负担。建议各地各级政府相关部门应进一步完善大病保险制度,从而真正有效减轻居民重大疾病医疗经济负担。     

阴道微生态菌群与宫颈疾病相关性的研究进展

宫颈疾病包括宫颈炎症、宫颈鳞状上皮内病变及宫颈癌,近年研究发现阴道微生物菌群产生的细胞因子及局部免疫系统与宫颈疾病的发生、发展有关。正常女性的阴道微生态环境由多种微生物构成,其中乳杆菌对维持阴道微生态平衡发挥着重要作用。宫颈癌在女性恶性肿瘤中发生率位居第一,其发生与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染密切相关,但并非所有感染HPV者均患宫颈癌,其病因为多因素综合作用。因乳杆菌变化导致的阴道疾病与HPV感染相互作用,共同参与宫颈疾病的发生、进展,系统有效的阴道微生态环境检测对及时调节阴道微生态平衡非常重要。阴道微生物菌群与宫颈疾病之间的关系成为许多学者的研究热点,综述阴道微生态与宫颈疾病发生、发展的相关性,为宫颈疾病尤其是宫颈癌的预防、治疗及预后提供理论依据。