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991.
Stadlbauer V Tauss J Portugaller HR Stiegler P Iberer F Stauber RE 《Metabolic brain disease》2007,22(1):45-50
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem after insertion of a trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS),
which may be difficult to manage. We present a case of severe post-TIPS HE unresponsive to high doses of l-ornithine-l-aspartate (LOLA) despite reduction of venous ammonia levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Ultimately, high-grade HE was successfully
treated by a reduction stent and the patient subsequently underwent successful liver transplantation. 相似文献
992.
Piert M Burian M Meisetschläger G Stein HJ Ziegler S Nährig J Picchio M Buck A Siewert JR Schwaiger M 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》2007,34(10):1534-1544
Purpose The study investigated the feasibility of a positron-sensitive hand-held detector system for the intraoperative localisation
of tumour deposits resulting from intravenous [18F]FDG administration.
Methods A total of 17 patients (12 receiving preoperative [18F]FDG PET imaging) with various histologically proven malignancies were included. Radioactivity from tumours and surrounding
normal tissue was measured on average 3 h after administration of 36–110 MBq [18F]FDG and the tumour-to-background (T/B) ratio was calculated. In addition, phantom studies were performed to evaluate the
spatial resolution and sensitivity of the probe.
Results All known targeted tumour sites were identified by the positron probe. T/B ratios were generally high, with a mean T/B ratio
of 6.6, allowing easy identification of most tumour sites. In one case of a hepatic metastasis, the T/B ratio of 1.34 was
below expectations, since the preoperative [18F]FDG PET scan was positive. The probe was instrumental in the localisation of three additional tumour lesions (two lymph
nodes, one anastomotic ring) that were not immediately apparent at surgery. Phantom studies revealed that [18F]FDG-containing gel (simulating tumour tissue), having 10 times more [18F]FDG than surrounding “normal” background gel, was clearly detectable in quantities as low as 15 mg. As measured in two cases,
the absorbed radiation doses ranged from 2.5 to 8.6 μSv/h for the surgical team to 0.8 μSv/h for the aesthetician.
Conclusion [18F]FDG-accumulating tumour tissues can be localised with positron probes intraoperatively with a low radiation burden to the
patient and medical personnel. The methodology holds promise for further clinical testing. 相似文献
993.
Roudsari BS Nathens AB Arreola-Risa C Cameron P Civil I Grigoriou G Gruen RL Koepsell TD Lecky FE Lefering RL Liberman M Mock CN Oestern HJ Petridou E Schildhauer TA Waydhas C Zargar M Rivara FP 《Injury》2007,38(9):1001-1013
OBJECTIVES: To compare patient- and injury-related characteristics of trauma victims and pre-hospital trauma care systems among different developed and developing countries. METHOD: We collated de-identified patient-level data from national or local trauma registries in Australia, Austria, Canada, Greece, Germany, Iran, Mexico, New Zealand, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. Patient and injury-related characteristics of trauma victims with injury severity score (ISS) >15 and the pre-hospital trauma care provided to these patients were compared among different countries. RESULTS: A total of 30,339 subjects from one or several regions in 11 countries were included in this analysis. Austria (51%), Germany (41%) and Australia (30%) reported the highest proportion of air ambulance use. Monterrey, Mexico (median 10.1min) and Montreal, Canada (median 16.1min) reported the shortest and Germany (median: 30min) and Austria (median: 26min) reported the longest scene time. Use of intravenous fluid therapy among advanced EMS systems without physicians as pre-hospital care providers, varied from 30% (in the Netherlands) to 55% (in the US). The corresponding percentages in advanced EMS systems with physicians actively involved in pre-hospital trauma care, excluding Montreal in Canada, ranged from 63% (in London, in the UK) to 75% in Germany and Austria. Austria and Germany also reported the highest percentage of pre-hospital intubation (61% and 56%, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study provides an early look at international variability in patient mix, process of care, and performance of different pre-hospital trauma care systems worldwide. International efforts should be devoted to developing a minimum standard data set for trauma patients. 相似文献
994.
Lisa S. Elwood Kathryn S. Hahn Bunmi O. Olatunji Nathan L. Williams 《Clinical psychology review》2009
While some individuals develop PTSD subsequent to traumatic experiences, many individuals resume prior functioning naturally. Diathesis-stress models suggest that stable individual differences present in individuals prior to trauma may serve as vulnerability factors to symptom development. The high levels of comorbidity and symptom similarity suggest that established vulnerability factors for anxiety and depression may also serve as vulnerability factors for PTSD. The examination of multiple vulnerability factors simultaneously may increase understanding of the etiology of PTSD and comorbid post-trauma symptomatology and account for a greater percentage of variance in PTSD symptoms. In addition, the vulnerability factors may be related to distinct sets of symptoms, with vulnerabilities predicting the PTSD symptoms most similar to their associated disorders. Research examining the relations between attributional style, rumination, anxiety sensitivity, and the looming cognitive style and the development of PTSD after trauma exposure is reviewed and suggestions for future research are provided. 相似文献
995.
乳腺癌化疗患者癌性疲乏、应对方式与生活质量的相关性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
目的:探讨乳腺癌化疗患者癌性疲乏、应对方式与生活质量之间的相关性.方法:本研究是横断面研究,采用方便抽样法选择乳腺癌改良根治术后行药物化疗的女性患者120例,用癌性疲乏自评量表 (the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale,PFS)、Jalowiec的应对量表 (Jalowiec Coping Scale,JCS)和欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织开发的癌症患者生命质量测定系列量表的核心问卷[Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30,QLQ-C30(V3.0)]和针对乳腺癌人群的特异性问卷 (Quality of Life Questionnaire-Breast 23,QLQ-BR23),分别测评患者的癌性疲乏水平、应对方式和生活质量状况.采用Spearman相关分析患者癌性疲乏状况、应对方式以及生活质量三者之间的相关性.结果:乳腺癌化疗患者的癌性疲乏总分与QLQ-C30的功能和总体健康状况呈负相关(r=-0.24,-0.39;均P<0.01);积极的应对方式如勇敢面对、乐观与PFS的感知维度呈负相关(r=-0.25,-0.18;均P<0.05),与QLQ-BR23的功能维度呈正相关(r=0.35,0.21;均P<0.05);消极应对方式如情感、听天由命与PFS的认知维度呈正相关(r=0.33,0.18;均P<0.05),与QLQ-BR23的功能维度呈负相关(r=-0.40,-0.32;均P<0.05),与QLQ-BR23症状维度呈正相关(r=0.40,0.28;均P<0.05).结论:乳腺癌化疗患者所经历的癌性疲乏状况、采取的应对方式及其生活质量三者间存在一定程度的关联,此发现对临床护理有指导意义. 相似文献
996.
Gian Vittorio Caprara Corrado Fagnani Guido Alessandri Patrizia Steca Antonella Gigantesco Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza Maria Antonietta Stazi 《Behavior genetics》2009,39(3):277-284
Certain personality characteristics such as self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism are fundamental components of positive
mental health status and well-being. There is consistent evidence that these traits tend to be substantially correlated in
individuals. However, no previous studies have investigated the origin of such correlation. This research used the twin method
to unravel the genetic and environmental architecture of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism, along with their mutual
interplay. The sample was derived from the population-based Italian Twin Register, and included 428 twin pairs, aged 23–24 years.
Multivariate genetic modeling showed that genes influencing self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism are largely overlapping.
Furthermore, results indicated that the environmental components of the traits may overlap only modestly, and suggested that
a sizeable amount of variance in the traits may be explained by environmental effects specific to each of them.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
997.
Nanotechnology could be defined as the technology that has allowed for the control, manipulation, study, and manufacture of structures and devices in the “nanometer” size range. These nano-sized objects, e.g., “nanoparticles”, take on novel properties and functions that differ markedly from those seen from items made of identical materials. The small size, customized surface, improved solubility, and multi-functionality of nanoparticles will continue to open many doors and create new biomedical applications. Indeed, the novel properties of nanoparticles offer the ability to interact with complex cellular functions in new ways. This rapidly growing field requires cross-disciplinary research and provides opportunities to design and develop multifunctional devices that can target, diagnose, and treat devastating diseases such as cancer. This article presents an overview of nanotechnology for the biologist and discusses the attributes of our novel XPclad© nanoparticle formulation that has shown efficacy in treating solid tumors, single dose vaccination, and oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. 相似文献
998.
Meijer CJ Koeter MW Sprangers MA Schene AH 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2009,44(5):361-368
Introduction The concept ‘quality of life’ (QoL) has become increasingly important as an outcome measure in the evaluation of services
and in clinical trials of people with schizophrenia. This study examines the mediating role of health related quality of life
(HRQoL) in the prediction of general quality of life (GQoL).
Method QoL and other patient- and illness characteristics (psychopathology, overall functioning, illness history, self-esteem and
social integration) were measured in a group of 143 outpatients with schizophrenia. GQoL was measured by the Lancashire Quality
of Life Profile and HRQoL was measured by the MOS SF-36. To test the temporal stability of our findings, assessments were
performed twice with an 18-month interval.
Results We found that patient’s GQoL is predicted mainly by anxiety and depression and self-esteem and to a lesser extent by global
functioning and social integration. At both time intervals HRQoL appeared to be a significant mediator of the relationship
between anxiety and depression and self esteem versus patient’s GQoL.
Conclusions The results of this study are important for mental health professionals, as these provide more insight in the mechanisms by
which they could improve the GQoL of their patients with schizophrenia. The results confirm that diagnosis and treatment of
anxiety and depression in outpatients with schizophrenia deserves careful attention of clinicians. Also strategies and specific
interventions to improve self-esteem of patients with schizophrenia are very important to maximise patient’s QoL. 相似文献
999.
Childrearing Style in Families of Anxiety-Disordered Children: Between-Family and Within-Family Differences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lindhout IE Markus MT Borst SR Hoogendijk TH Dingemans PM Boer F 《Child psychiatry and human development》2009,40(2):197-212
This study examined whether (1) parents of anxiety-disordered (AD) children differed from those of non-clinical controls in
their childrearing style, and whether (2) the child-rearing style of parents towards AD children is different from that towards
their siblings. A clinical sample of 25 AD children, age range 8–13 years, was compared with 25 siblings and a non-clinical
control group (n = 25). Childrearing was assessed by means of parental self-report, child report and through an expressed emotion interview
measure. AD children perceived more parental rejection than non-clinical control children or the AD children’s siblings. High-expressed
emotion was scored significantly more often towards AD children than non-clinical control children, or their siblings. On
‘care’ and ‘control’ parental self-report showed some differences regarding AD children on the one hand and non-clinical control
children or siblings of AD children on the other. These results suggest that the rearing of AD children differs significantly
both from the rearing of their siblings and that of non-clinical control children.
I. E. Lindhout and F. Boer were with the Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Curium, Oegstgeest, and Leiden
University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, at the time of the study. 相似文献
1000.
T. Hølmebakk A. SolbakkenT. Mala A. Nesbakken 《European journal of surgical oncology》2011,37(7):571-575