内固定与非内固定治疗胸腰段脊柱结核的比较研究

目的 对比研究单纯植骨和内固定治疗胸腰段脊柱结核的疗效，探讨胸腰段结桉外科治疗中一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定的可行性及其治疗效果。方法 采用一期前路病灶清除，单纯植骨融合治疗胸腰段脊柱结核患者25例，植骨内固定治疗21例，对比观察术后植骨融合、畸形矫正及结核病灶愈合情况。结果 平均随访2年2个月，43倒患者获访，两组患者脊柱结核均治愈，植骨全部骨性融合。内固定组融合时间短，畸形矫正效果好，无明显矫正角丢失，优良率95％，非内固定组73．9％。结论 一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定．既可彻底清除痛灶、矫形．并能重建脊柱的即刻稳定性．其疗效的优良率明显高干非内固定组。     

Reduction in Internal Carotid Arterial Blood Flow Velocity in Children During Antiepileptic Drug Therapy with Clinical Dosages

Summary: We studied the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow velocity, as an index of total cerebral blood flow (CBF). The subjects were 45 newly diagnosed children with febrile convulsion or epilepsy who were seizure-free for a period long enough not to affect the results. They had no neurologic deficit, received fixed monotherapy, and were examined by a noninvasive Doppler ultrasound method, in comparisonwith 13 age-matched normal volunteers with no AED. In 30 patients, the measurements were performed before and after AED administration [10 with phenobarbital (PB), 10 with carbamazepine (CBZ), and 10 with valproate (VPA)], and performed before and after AED discontinuation in the remaining 15 patients (all with PB). Normal volunteers underwent the two consecutive examinations with a mean interval equal to that of the entire patient group, and there was no difference in velocity values between the measurements. In patients receiving CBZ or VPA, a significant reduction was noted in blood flow velocity after drug administration. Although velocity values in the patients receiving PB did not change after drug administration, they were significantly increased after complete discontinuation. In the present study, a slight but significant reduction in CBF caused by AED administration at therapeutic doses in children was suggested.     

扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔的应用显微解剖

目的为临床开展扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔手术提供解剖学依据。方法用50例成人头颅标本．在显微镜下对蝶窦外侧壁、蝶鞍、海绵窦及周围结构进行解剖学观察并测量。模拟扩大经蝶入路磨除海绵窦腹侧骨质，切开海绵窦内侧壁，显露海绵窦内侧腔。结果颈内动脉（ICA）明显隆起于蝶窦侧壁的占58％，蝶窦内隆起呈管型占3％。鞍底硬膜分为2层，海绵窦内侧壁的上部南垂体硬膜构成，无骨性结构支撑；下部由骨周硬膜构成，有蝶窦侧壁骨质支撑。两侧海绵窦内侧壁的距离为（14．8±2．7）mm。海绵窦内侧腔位于C4段ICA与垂体之间，腔内为丰富的静脉丛，最宽可达7mm，但常因ICA扭曲而闭塞。无颅神经穿越海绵窦内侧腔，ICA是扩大经蝶入路探查海绵窦遇到的第一个主要结构。结论扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔是安全可行的。     

股骨远端复杂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨远端严重粉碎骨折有效治疗方法. 方法在动物实验基础上,我们于2001年3月～2002年8月,应用AO髁支持钢板及自行设计翼状解剖型钢板内固定与同种异体骨移植治疗股骨远端复杂骨折26例,均为AO/ASIF分类中33C3.3.采用AO技术,术中平均植骨46 g. 结果术后24例伤口Ⅰ期愈合,2例伤口感染经换药愈合.24例4～11个月达到骨性愈合,2例过早负重致固定失败而再次手术.随访7～25个月,平均14个月,根据Shelbourne and Brueckmann膝关节功能评定标准,优5例,良18例,可1例,差2例,优良率为88.5%. 结论翼状解剖型钢板远端螺钉孔为长椭圆形且有连续钉孔,适合于严重粉碎骨折;翼状解剖型钢板及髁支持钢板内固定与充分植骨是治疗股骨远端复杂骨折较理想的方法,同种异体骨可以取代自体髂骨植骨.     

重建钛板枢椎椎弓根螺钉及颗粒状植骨枕颈融合术

目的 探讨重建钛板螺钉及颗粒状自体松质骨植骨在枕颈融合中的应用。方法 2002年4月～2005年1月，选择枕颈区不稳定患者19例，年龄31～67岁；病程3个月～2年。其中枕寰枢椎复合畸形8例，陈旧性寰枢椎骨折脱位8例，类风湿性关节炎所致寰椎前脱位2例，枢椎齿状突肿瘤1例。JOA脊髓功能评分平均9．8分。使用重建钛板和枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定枕颈部，同时枕骨与枢椎后弓间颗粒状自体松质骨植骨。结果 术中、术后无并发症发生，切口Ⅰ期愈合。19例均获随访6个月～2年8个月，平均16个月，均获得了骨性融合。无神经血管损伤，无断钉、断板及内固定松脱。JOA脊髓功能评分平均达14．4分。结论 重建钛板枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定可靠，置入方便，自体颗粒状松质骨具有较高的融合率，在枕颈融合中效果满意。     

Skull base surgery for malignancy: when not to operate

The purpose of this paper is to detail the contraindications for surgery, with curative intent for those patients who suffer from a head and neck malignancy that invades the intracranial space. This is based on a 30-year experience of over 250 patients. The most important contraindications are anatomical. Surgery is not done if the following structures are invaded: brain stem, eloquent portions of the cerebrum, superior sagittal sinus, both internal carotid arteries, both cavernous sinuses and certain vital bridging veins. Certain tumor factors are absolute but are occasionally relative contraindications: such as distant metastatic disease especially if multiple and at multiple anatomic sites. Some tumors that behave in a particularly virulent fashion that defy complete resection but are often difficult to predict preoperatively. Lack of patient medical fitness or absence of patient commitment to the operative procedure is make-up two serious contraindications to surgery. Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 24–28 May 2006, Mannheim, Germany.     

The mechanical and morphological properties of bone beneath internal fixation plates of differing rigidity

The internal fixation of diaphyseal fractures by bone plates is a well recognized treatment. The normal physiological stress of bone is reduced by plates that cause a negative balance of bone-remodeling processes. Many investigators have shown that the degree of stress protection is dependent on the rigidity of the plates. It was the aim of this study to quantify mechanical and morphological changes at different locations in a plated diaphyseal bone as a function of differing plate rigidity. Two types of plates with the same size but different materials were used. The stainless steel plates had a modulus of elasticity and bending stiffness 3.2 times higher than the carbon fiber reinforced carbon plates. Both types of plates were applied to the intact right and left femora of six foxhounds for 6 months. The stiffer stainless steel plates led to a significantly higher bone loss and correspondingly greater loss of mechanical properties. These effects were greatest directly beneath the plate and less with increasing distance from the plate.     

肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位的外科治疗

目的　探讨肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位或半脱位的解剖学基础及外科治疗方法。方法　 1 992年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 1月收治肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位或半脱位 7例。骨折部位 :解剖颈骨折 2例 ,其中 1例合并喙突骨折 ;外科颈骨折 5例 ,合并肩胛冈骨折 2例 ,合并体部骨折 1例。 7例中合并肱骨头脱位 1例 ,合并肱骨头半脱位 6例 ,7例均行切开复位 ,钢板螺丝钉内固定术。结果　本组随访时间为 1个月～ 8年 ,7例肩胛骨颈部骨折愈合时间在 6～ 9周。 6例术后功能恢复优良。结论肩胛骨颈部构造特殊 ,手术切开复位内固定适用于不稳定性骨折 ,钢板螺丝钉可有效地对骨折进行固定     

ARRIF-Ⅲ型的研制、生物力学测试及临床初步应用

目的　研制一种新型腰椎滑脱复位内固定器 ,在此内固定器固定后 ,能方便地平行置入两枚BAK ;同时测试RF Ⅱ型及ARRIF Ⅲ型的生物力学特点。方法　使用对照法 ,10具健康成年人腰2 ～骶2 椎体标本 ,制成腰椎滑脱模型 ,用生物力学测试机测试RF Ⅱ型及ARRIF Ⅲ型固定后的脊柱标本复合物的应力遮挡及应力 应变。结果　 30 0 0N轴向载荷下及 2 0Nm前屈与侧弯力矩下RF Ⅱ型和ARRIF Ⅲ型的应力遮挡及应力 应变均有显著差异 ,但其绝对值较小。ARRIF Ⅲ型的临床初步应用取得了满意的效果。结论　两种内固定器的固定效果均较好 ,但RF Ⅱ型在固定后的即刻 ,有较显著的微动 ;ARRIF Ⅲ型在复位固定后可较方便地同时置入两枚BAK。ARRIF Ⅲ型可用于Ⅰ°～Ⅲ°的椎体滑脱症的复位与固定