短程小组认知行为治疗失眠伴慢性非恶性颈背痛的效果

目的 探讨短程小组认知行为治疗失眠伴慢性非恶性颈背部疼痛患者的效果.方法 选择2013年6月～2013年12月于首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院神经与精神病科诊治的,符合国际睡眠障碍分类第二版失眠的诊断标准,并伴慢性非恶性颈背部疼痛的患者39例,随机分为短程小组认知行为治疗组(干预组,20例)和单纯睡眠卫生教育组(对照组,19例).患者于治疗前,治疗结束后1、5周填写匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、睡眠日志、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和疼痛视觉模拟评分,比较并分析两组的结果.结果 两组治疗期间各有1例中途脱落未能完成治疗.干预组治疗结束后1周入睡时间、睡眠总时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效率、焦虑得分均较对照组改善[(39±18)比(65±28)min、(429±47)比(413±70)min、(3.8±1.6)比(3.5±1.5)分、(73±13)％比(66±12)％、(7.0±3.5)比(8.1±3.7)分],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗结束后5周干预组入睡时间、睡眠总时间、睡眠质量、睡眠效率、焦虑得分分别较对照组相应指标改善[(35±12)比(62±27)min、(440±52)比(418±75)min、(3.9±1.8)比(3.5±1.6)分、(76±12)％比(66±12)％、(6.5±2.4)比(7.8±3.3)分],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 短程小组认知行为治疗对失眠伴慢性颈背痛患者的失眠和伴随焦虑症状有持续的效果.     

高压氧治疗脑梗死后失眠的疗效初探

目的:观察高压氧治疗脑梗死后失眠的疗效。方法:将符合条件的脑梗死患者按入组时间顺序分为对照组和观察组各20例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用高压氧治疗。分别在治疗前、治疗1个疗程后采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行评定。结果:治疗后,2组PSQI总分均较治疗前明显降低(均P0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。各因子对比:在主观睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、习惯性睡眠效率方面治疗后2组患者评分均较治疗前明显降低(均P0.05),且观察组上述各项评分更低于对照组(均P0.05)。在睡眠持续性、睡眠紊乱和白天功能紊乱方面,治疗后观察组评分较治疗前及对照组治疗后明显降低(均P0.05),而对照组评分与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义。治疗后,2组患者AIS评分均较治疗前明显降低(均P0.05),且观察组AIS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:高压氧可以改善脑梗死后失眠患者的PSQI评分和AIS评分,改善睡眠,尤其可以改善睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续性和睡眠紊乱4个方面。改善失眠的原因可能与改善患者焦虑、抑郁状态有关。     

Exploring the Role of Negative Cognitions in the Relationship Between Ethnicity,Sleep, and Pain in Women With Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Negative cognitions are central to the perpetuation of chronic pain and sleep disturbances. Patients with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD), a chronic pain condition characterized by pain and limitation in the jaw area, have a high comorbidity of sleep disturbances that possibly exacerbate their condition. Ethnic group differences are documented in pain, sleep, and coping, yet the mechanisms driving these differences are still unclear, especially in clinical pain populations. We recruited 156 women (79% white, 21% African American) diagnosed with TMJD as part of a randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of interventions targeting sleep and pain catastrophizing on pain in TMJD. Analysis of baseline data demonstrated that, relative to white participants, African Americans exhibited higher levels of clinical pain, insomnia severity, and pain catastrophizing, yet there was no ethnic group difference in negative sleep-related cognitions. Mediation models revealed pain catastrophizing, but not sleep-related cognitions or insomnia severity, to be a significant single mediator of the relationship between ethnicity and clinical pain. Only the helplessness component of catastrophizing together with insomnia severity sequentially mediated the ethnicity–pain relationship. These findings identify pain catastrophizing as a potentially important link between ethnicity and clinical pain and suggest that interventions targeting pain-related helplessness could improve both sleep and pain, especially for African American patients.Perspective:Pain-related helplessness and insomnia severity contribute to ethnic differences found in clinical pain among woman with TMJD. Findings can potentially inform interventions that target insomnia and catastrophizing to assist in reducing ethnic disparities in clinical pain.     

气机升降针法治疗肝郁型失眠的临床观察

【目的】观察气机升降针法治疗肝郁型失眠患者的临床疗效。【方法】将符合纳入标准的60例失眠患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。治疗组给予气机升降针法治疗,对照组给予常规针法治疗。观察2组治疗前后多导睡眠图（PSG）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）及临床疗效变化情况。【结果】（1）治疗后,2组患者睡眠总时间、深睡眠时间及快速眼球运动（REM）睡眠时间均有所延长,睡眠潜伏期缩短,觉醒次数减少（P<0.05）。治疗组睡眠总时间、深睡眠时间以及REM睡眠时间改善作用优于对照组（P<0.05）。（2）治疗后,2组患者PSQI评分均降低（P<0.01）,治疗组降低作用优于对照组（P<0.01）。（3）治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为93.33%和76.67%,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P<0.01）。【结论】气机升降针法治疗肝郁型失眠与常规针法比较疗效更为显著,其操作简便,方法新颖。     

佐匹克隆治疗老年失眠症患者的临床研究

目的:探讨采用佐匹克隆治疗老年失眠症的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取90例老年失眠症患者,随机将其分成研究组和对照组各45例。对照组患者每晚睡前服用1mg艾司唑仑,而研究组患者则在每晚睡前服用7.5 mg佐匹克隆,共服用2周,利用睡眠障碍量表(SDRS)和药物不良反应量表(TESS)对两组患者的治疗效果及不良反应进行分析比较。结果:研究组患者治疗总有效率为95.6%,显著高于对照组77.8%的治疗总有效率,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗后SDRS评分较治疗前和对照组治疗后均明显缩短,数据差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:在老年失眠症患者中采用佐匹克隆治疗方案具有更显著的疗效,安全性更高,不良反应少,值得临床推广及应用。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激治疗老年人失眠症的疗效观察

目的 观察低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对失眠症老年人睡眠和情绪的影响。 方法 选取34例失眠症老年患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为试验组（18例）和对照组（16例）。试验组采用低频rTMS刺激右背外侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC)治疗,对照组给予交变磁场治疗。治疗前及治疗4周后（治疗后）,使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对患者进行评估。为了消除睡眠变化对患者HAMA和HAMD评分的影响,对此两项评分去除睡眠相关项得分后的分值（标记为HAMA-A、HAMD-A）进行评估。 结果 治疗前,2组患者的PSQI、HAMA和HAMD评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,试验组与对照组患者的PSQI、HAMA、HAMD评分均明显下降（P<0.05）,且试验组PSQI［(8.44±1.82)分］、HAMA［(10.66±2.59)分］、HAMD［(11.78±3.64)分］较对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。除去HAMA与HAMD的睡眠相关选项得分后,试验组患者治疗后HAMA-A、HAMD-A较组内治疗前低（P<0.05）,对照组患者治疗后HAMA-A、HAMD-A虽较组内治疗前低,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。试验组患者治疗后HAMA-A［(11.11±2.72)分］、HAMD-A［(10.17±3.28)分］较对照组低（P<0.05）。 结论 rTMS治疗老年失眠症的疗效优于交变磁场,能显著改善患者睡眠和情绪。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者失眠现况及影响因素分析

目的了解急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者失眠现况,分析导致ACS患者失眠的影响因素,为制定针对ACS患者的失眠策略提供依据。方法本研究为一项多中心、前瞻性、观察性队列研究。筛选纳入2013年3月至2015年6月符合标准的ACS住院患者771例,入院7d内病情稳定后完成基线社会人口信息学资料、睡眠质量问卷、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD7)、患者健康问卷9项(PHQ9)、生活质量量表12(SF12)以及社会支持调查量表(ESSI),采用logistic回归分析影响ACS患者失眠的因素。结果共收回741例患者的有效问卷,741例患者中男510例(68.8%),女231例(31.2%)。487例(65.7%)存在至少一种失眠症状,其中308例(41.6%)存在入睡困难,369例(49.8%)存在夜间易醒,116例(15.7%)存在早醒,74例(10.0%)同时存在早醒和入睡困难,53例(7.2%)同时存在早醒、夜间易醒和入睡困难。Logistic回归分析显示,入院前体力活动情况(OR=0.636,95%CI 0.411~0.984)、抑郁(OR=1.908,95%CI 1.101~3.305)和低社会支持(OR=0.278,95%CI 1.198~3.301)是ACS患者存在失眠的独立影响因素。结论接近2/3的ACS患者存在失眠症状,入睡困难和夜间易醒是最常见的表现;体力活动情况、抑郁和社会支持与发生失眠独立相关。     

Open-loop Audio-Visual Stimulation for sleep promotion in older adults with comorbid insomnia and osteoarthritis pain: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial

Osteoarthritis is commonly comorbid with insomnia in older adults. While cognitivebehavioral therapy for insomnia is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia, alternative efficacious non-pharmacological options are needed. This study examined sleep and pain in 30 community-dwelling older adults with comorbid insomnia and osteoarthritis pain randomized to two weeks of 30 min of bedtime active (n = 15, mean age 66.7 ± 5.2) or placebo control (n = 15, mean age 68.9 ± 5.0) Audiovisual Stimulation (AVS). After AVS use, improvements in sleep, pain, and depression were reported for both groups but between-group comparisons were non-significant. A posthoc analysis examined the effects of AVS in the 11 subjects who reported sleep latency complaints (≥30 min). No significant group differences were found for this small sleep latency subsample; however, the pre-post effect sizes (ES) of active AVS versus placebo were greatly increased for the subsample relative to the total sample for sleep (ES = 0.41 versus 0.18 for the Insomnia Severity Index, and 0.60 versus 0.03 for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively). A similar enhanced effect pattern was found for pain (ES = 0.41 versus 0.15 for the Brief Pain Inventory). Study findings suggest that the 30-min AVS program may have potential to improve sleep in older adults with sleep onset but not sleep maintenance difficulty. Despite study limitations of a small sample size and lack of follow-up, results offer valuable insights into the functionality of AVS treatment. Future research should focus on subjects with sleep onset complaints, who are most likely to receive benefit from this treatment modality.