关于衰老与老年病中医机制的探讨

五脏虚损是衰老的主要病理基础,肾虚、脾虚是衰老的重要因素,衰老是多脏器相互影响的全身性的复杂生理退化过程。脏腑功能低下,气机升降失常,代谢紊乱,致津血不归正化,是痰瘀产生的根本原因,痰瘀互结,虚实夹杂,加速衰老进程。延缓衰老要克服盲目性,走出“养生则进补”的误区,辨清虚实,审因选法,才是防衰的关键。     

关于衰老与老年病中医机制的探讨

五脏虚损是衰老的主要病理基础,肾虚、脾虚是衰老的重要因素,衰老是多脏器相互影响的全身性的复杂生理退化过程.脏腑功能低下,气机升降失常,代谢紊乱,致津血不归正化,是痰瘀产生的根本原因,痰瘀互结,虚实夹杂,加速衰老进程.延缓衰老要克服盲目性,走出"养生则进补"的误区,辨清虚实,审因选法,才是防衰的关键.     

Changes in characteristics of rat skeletal muscle after experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as an animal model for certain neuroinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, in particular multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is accompanied by transient weakness or paralysis of hind limbs. We have investigated the effect of partial and transient conduction failure in the central nervous system on skeletal muscle function. At approximately 2.5 days after development of maximal clinical signs, body and medial gastrocnemius muscle mass were lower (by approximately 21 and 33%, respectively; P < 0.05) in EAE rats compared with controls. Fiber cross-sectional area was lower by 40-50% in all fiber types. Maximal force and power were substantially lower (by 58% and 73%) in EAE rats, as was the force normalized for muscle mass (35%). However, no such weakness was found when lower stimulation frequencies were used. Generation of similar submaximal forces was attributable to a slower relaxation in EAE muscles. This advantage for the EAE muscles was lost during repeated exercise. While fatigability was similar, the difference in relaxation rate between EAE and control disappeared in fatigue. Our data suggest that, as a result of central neuroinflammatory diseases, maximal performance of skeletal muscle is impaired but submaximal performance is relatively well maintained.     

脾虚泄泻患者肠粘膜中SP和VIP初步探讨

本研究用放射免疫技术对30例脾虚泄泻患者回肠末端、横结肠和乙状结肠粘膜中 P 物质(SP)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)进行测定,发现脾虚泄泻组回肠末端 SP 含量(120.95±90.70pg/mg 湿重)较无腹泻组(47.86±35.49pg/mg 湿重)和非脾虚泄泻组(52.50±42.49pg/mg 湿重)显著增加;脾虚泄泻组乙状结肠粘膜 VIP 含量(510.63±265.22pg/mg 湿重)较无腹泻组(308.67±204.49pg/mg 湿重)也显著增加;与非脾虚泄泻组比较(398.97±240.80pg/mg 湿重)有增加趋势,但无统计学差异,提示 SP 和 VIP 可能与脾虚泄泻的腹泻症状有关。根据脾虚临床表现和 VIP 的功能,脾虚泄泻中 VIP 可能起更重要作用。     

Beneficial effects of citrulline malate on skeletal muscle function in endotoxemic rat

Although citrulline malate (CM; CAS 54940-97-5, Stimol^®) is used against fatigue states, its anti-asthenic effect remains poorly documented. The objective of this double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of oral ingestion of CM on a rat model of asthenia, using in situ ³¹Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P-MRS). Muscle weakness was induced by intraperitoneal injections of Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides at 3 mg/kg) at t₀ and t₀ + 24 h. For each animal, muscle function was investigated strictly non-invasively before (t₀ − 24 h) and during (t₀ + 48 h) endotoxemia, through a standardized rest-stimulation-recovery protocol. The transcutaneous electrical stimulation protocol consisted of 5.7 min of repeated isometric contractions at a frequency of 3.3 Hz, and force production was measured with an ergometer. CM supplementation in endotoxemic animals prevented the basal phosphocreatine/ATP ratio reduction and normalized the intracellular pH (pH_i) time-course during muscular activity as a sign of an effect at the muscle energetics level. In addition, CM treatment avoided the endotoxemia-induced decline in developed force. These results demonstrate the efficiency of CM for limiting skeletal muscle dysfunction in rats treated with bacterial endotoxin.     

补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗机械通气重症监护室获得性衰弱患者的临床疗效观察

[目的] 探讨补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗机械通气重症监护室获得性衰弱（ICU-AW）的疗效。[方法] 选择2019年10月—2022年10月河北省沧州中西医结合医院收治的82例行机械通气治疗的重症监护室获得性衰弱（ICU-AW）患者，随机数字表法将患者分为两组，每组各41例。对照组给予常规治疗，观察组在对照组基础上给予补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗14 d。比较两组疗效、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、下床活动时间、中医证候积分、衰弱、肌力状态、运动耐力、日常生活能力以及并发症和不良反应差异。[结果] 观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组（95.12% vs. 73.17%，P＜0.05），机械通气时间、重症监护室（ICU）住院时间、下床活动时间短于对照组（P＜0.01），6 min步行距离、Barthel指数（BI）指数高于对照组（P＜0.05），Borg评分、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗后体倦乏力、食欲不振、胁胀作痛、情志抑郁、面色萎黄积分、心血管健康研究指数（CHS）评分均较治疗前降低（P＜0.01），医学研究委员会（MRC）评分较治疗前增高（P＜0.01），观察组治疗后上述中医证候积分、CHS评分低于对照组（P＜0.01），MRC评分高于对照组（P＜0.01）。[结论] 与常规治疗比较，补中益气汤合小柴胡汤更有助于改善衰弱和疲劳症状，提高运动耐力和日常生活能力，临床疗效更显著。     

Colistin treatment in patients with ICU-acquired infections caused by multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria: the renaissance of an old antibiotic

A retrospective case series study was performed in a 30-bed general intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital to assess the effectiveness and safety of colistin in 43 critically ill patients with ICU-acquired infections caused by multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria. Various ICU-acquired infections, mainly pneumonia and bacteraemia caused by multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Acinetobacter baumannii, were treated with colistin. Good clinical response (cure or improvement) was noted in 74.4% of patients. Deterioration of renal function occurred in 18.6% of patients during colistin therapy. Nephrotoxicity was elevated significantly in those patients with a history of renal failure (62.5%). All-cause mortality amounted to 27.9%. In this group of critically ill patients, an age of >50 years (OR, 5.4; 95% CI 1.3-24.9) and acute renal failure (OR, 8.2; 95% CI 2.9-23.8) were independent predictors of mortality. Colistin should be considered as a treatment option in critically ill patients with infection caused by multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli.     

中国多灶性运动神经病80例患者临床表现分析

目的全面了解我国多灶性运动神经病患者的临床表现。方法电子检索中国生物医学文献数据库和万方数据库1980～2005年收录的多灶性运动神经病病例报告,并分析其临床表现特点。结果共检索到13个研究、80例患者。其中男性61例,女性19例,均以单肢无力首发,98.75%为慢性进展性,远端重于近端(95.3%),伴有肌肉萎缩(76.3%),肌肉颤动(46.3%),腱反射减低(96.4%),客观感觉障碍少(6.25%),尺神经、正中神经或胫神经存在运动神经传导阻滞(92.1%)。结论多灶性运动神经病是以肢体远端为主的进行性非对称性肌无力、肌萎缩,一般无感觉障碍,在尺神经、正中神经或胫神经存在运动神经传导阻滞为特点。此病易与进行性脊肌萎缩症、慢性格林巴利相混淆。     

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in an ambulatory chronic stroke patient

Purpose: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a well-known complication of stroke and frequently develops in acute stroke patients. Immobility in stroke patients increases the risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE). The incidence of DVT in non-ambulatory stroke patients is more frequent than the incidence in ambulatory stroke patients. We report a case of DVT and PE in an ambulatory chronic stroke patient.

Method: Initial physical examination showed heat and swelling of hemiplegic leg. The patient was only able to ambulate with the assist of a monocane and a plastic leaf spring orthosis due to ankle dorsiflexor weakness. The patient was treated with anticoagulation and inferior vena cava filter placement.

Results: After long-term anticoagulation, follow-up studies revealed satisfactory resolution of DVT and PE.

Conclusions: We present a case of DVT and PE which developed during the chronic stage of stroke, 2 years from the onset of stroke, and review the cause of DVT.