Do hot spots of deprivation predict the rates of suicide within London boroughs?

INTRODUCTION: The ecological associations between suicide rates and different indices of deprivation within London have been investigated at least for half a century. In the present study, the association between rates of suicide with newly developed hot spots of deprivation index within London boroughs have been studied taking into account the results of the spatial dependency between suicide rates in nearby boroughs. METHODS: Suicide data were provided by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. The hot spots index of deprivation and the population counts were provided by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Region (DETR) and Office for the National Statistics (ONS), respectively. RESULTS: The results show that there is no strong spatial dependency between suicide rates in the London boroughs, the 'hot spots' index of deprivation predicts the rates of suicide in males 30-49, better than other age and sex groups. The rate of suicide decreases with decreasing deprivation as indicated by the 'hot spots' index. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that at the London boroughs the 'hot spots' index of deprivation (together with other socio-economic and social fragmentation indices) should be considered as a potential explanatory variable to explain the effects of age on rates of suicide in men and women.     

Prediction and monitoring of treatment effect using T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in colorectal liver metastases: Potential of whole tumour ROI and selective ROI analysis

Purpose

To evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for prediction and early monitoring of treatment in colorectal liver metastases.

Materials and methods

Ten patients were included. Baseline and follow-up DCE-MRI examinations were evaluated by whole tumour and selected ROI placements calculating Kep-values. Selective ROIs, concentric-like and hot spot, were drawn on early arterial phase images. Monitoring of treatment was performed comparing RECIST1.1 criteria with whole tumour and selected ROI placement. To evaluate treatment effect between responders and non-responders, independent samples t-test was used on Kep-values.

Results

In each patient largest lesion was evaluated totalling 10 target lesions. At baseline, for whole tumour ROI placements mean Kep-values in responders were significantly higher than mean Kep-values in non-responders (t = 7.481, p < 0.001). Selective ROI placement comparison of mean Kep-values at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment (first follow-up measurement) showed significant decrease in responding patients (t = 4.706, p = 0.003) whereas increase in Kep-values in non-responding patients was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

This preliminary study shows that baseline Kep for whole tumour ROI is a predictor for treatment outcome. Decrease of Kep using selective ROIs allows early identification of response after 6 weeks of treatment.     

Histocytochemical study of Spot 35-calbindin-D28K and Ca2+-ATPase in rat kidney

Summary: We determined the distribution of Spot 35-calbindin-D28K, a vitamin-D dependent calciumbinding protein, in rat kidney using histochemical methods and compared it with the distribution of Ca²⁺-ATPase activity. Spot 35-calbindin-D28K immunoreactivity was localized in the cytosol of urinary epithelial cells in distal convoluted tubules (DCT), connecting tubules (CNT) and cortical collecting ducts (CCD), identifying the physiologically confirmed site of active transcellular calcium transport. In the cytosol, the immunoreactivity was clustered near the luminal plasma membrane and around the mitochondria. These findings indicated that Spot 35-calbindin-D28K seemed to have a cytosolic calcium buffering effect in the urinary tubular epithelial cells. Enzyme histochemical analysis showed that Ca²⁺-ATPase activity was localized at the basolateral plasma membrane of distal nephron segments and was strongest at the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle (CTAL), including the macula densa portion. Ca²⁺-ATPase activity was not evident in DCT, CNT or CCD. Strong Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and Spot 35-calbindin-D28K immunoreactivity did not coexist in a urinary tubular cell.     

儿童中神经母细胞瘤的早期筛查及实用价值

本文介绍1989年～1993年在国内首次采用Spot点片法对辽宁地区正常儿童进行神经母细胞瘤(Neuroblastoma,NB)的早期筛查。在50350例正常儿童中,筛查出无临床症状的可疑病人4例。其spot点片法均为阳性,层析结果分别出现香草扁挑酸(VMA),高香草酸(HVA),香草乳酸(VLA);VMA定量超过正常值。经B超、磁共振(MRI)检查,3例均在左肾上腺发现肿物(3.5cm×2.0cm,2.0cm×2.0cm,2.0cm×2.5cm)诊断为NB.1例接受手术治疗。2例放射治疗,目前均健康生存。另1例经B超、磁共振多部位探查,未发现肿物,列为追踪观察对象。初得辽宁地区小儿NB发病率约为6/10万。     

手热辊筒挤压伤72例治疗总结

本文收集1980年1月至1995年12月间治疗手热辊筒挤压伤72例，均使用皮瓣修复．下腹部皮瓣26块，髂腰部皮瓣30块，前臂岛状皮瓣3块，侧胸部皮管11个．文章讨论了手热辊筒挤压伤的特点及分类，手术方法的选择，髂腰部皮瓣是修复手热辊筒挤压伤最理想的供瓣区．     

黄芪皂苷甲的镇痛、镇静作用

本文证实给小鼠黄芪皂苷甲后出现镇痛作用,其镇痛作用较度冷丁弱而短。根据对小鼠腹腔注射醋酸产生扭体反应抑制率测得静脉注射黄芪皂苷甲的ED50为47.8±3.4mg/kg;由热板法测得的ED50为25.4±1.5mg/kg。黄芪皂苷甲也能明显延长硫喷妥钠所致小鼠的麻醉时间。此外,黄芪皂苷甲还能使豚鼠离体回肠张力下降。     

用光敏生物素标记HPV16,18DNA探针检测宫颈癌组织核酸相关序列

本文采用光敏生物素法标记人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16,18型DNA探针,进行斑点杂交检测宫颈癌组织中HPV16、18DNA相关序列。检测结果为,18例宫项癌组织中5例HPV16杂交阳性(27.78%);14例HPV18杂交阳性(77.8%)。这表明宫颈癌的发生和HPV感染密切相关。     

A comparison of the effects of mixed static and dynamic work with mainly dynamic work in hot conditions

Summary Current physiological criteria for limiting work in hot conditions are frequently based on responses to mainly dynamic work (eg treadmill walking). Their applicability to industrial situations containing mixed static and dynamic work is questioned, since the physiological responses to static work are different from those of dynamic work. Each of eight subjects attempted a one hour uphill treadmill walk (mainly dynamic work), and an uphill treadmill walk whilst intermittently carrying a 20 kg weight in the arms (mixed static and dynamic work). The external work rates in the two conditions were equal, effected by lowering the treadmill gradient in the loaded condition. Experiments were conducted in a hot climate (33‡ C dry bulb, 25‡ C wet bulb). Oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, sweat rate and rated perceived exertion were all significantly higher (p<0.001) for the mixed static and dynamic work than for the dynamic work. This was also the case for heart rate and forearm skin temperature (p<0.01), and for auditory canal temperature (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of work for mean skin temperature, calf skin temperature and chest skin temperature. These results show that for the same external work, physiological strain and perceived exertion are greater for mixed static and dynamic work (carrying a load in the arms) than for mainly dynamic work (walking on a treadmill). They suggest that it is not appropriate to make direct comparisons of laboratory studies based on dynamic work, with practical situations containing mixed static and dynamic work in the heat.     

数字化成像（DSI）钡剂上肠胃道检查

本文报道数字化成像（ＤＳＩ）在钡剂上肠胃道检查中的应用。研究１４８５例上肠胃道数字化点片成像的检查结果。重点分析了数字化点片成像钡餐检查的优点及与常规钡餐检查的比较。分析研究了１３８０例不同体位多格照片的配套组合方式，肯定了常规１片６体位的两种组合方式。