山东省居民高盐饮食对死亡和期望寿命的影响

目的分析山东省居民归因高盐饮食相关疾病死亡和寿命损失。方法利用2016年山东省与原卫生部联合减盐防控高血压项目终末期评估调查获得的24 h尿钠和血压值,结合2016年全省居民死因监测数据,按照比较风险评估理论,计算各类疾病归因分值(PAF)和因高盐饮食导致死亡,利用寿命表法计算归因期望寿命损失。结果2016年山东省因高盐饮食导致死亡32987人,占相关疾病死亡的11.74%,占全部死亡的4.95%。男性因高盐死亡比例(13.51%)高于女性(9.17%)。高盐饮食导致死亡的疾病主要是心脑血管疾病(90.82%),其次为胃癌(8.10%)和慢性肾病(1.08%)。城市居民PAF(13.87%)高于农村(10.87%)。高盐饮食导致山东省居民期望寿命减少0.58岁。高盐饮食所致不同疾病对期望寿命损失作用不同,缺血性心脏病位居首位,其次为脑出血和脑梗死。结论山东省居民归因高盐饮食死亡的比例较高,心脑血管疾病是高盐饮食导致死亡的重要原因。高盐饮食严重影响山东省居民健康,还需加强减盐干预工作。     

Digital disruption of dietetics: are we ready?

Digital health is transforming the delivery of health care around the world to meet the growing challenges presented by ageing populations with multiple chronic conditions. Digital health technologies can support the delivery of personalised nutrition care through the standardised Nutrition Care Process (NCP) by using personal data and technology‐supported delivery modalities. The digital disruption of traditional dietetic services is occurring worldwide, supporting responsive and high‐quality nutrition care. These disruptive technologies include integrated electronic and personal health records, mobile apps, wearables, artificial intelligence and machine learning, conversation agents, chatbots, and social robots. Here, we outline how digital health is disrupting the traditional model of nutrition care delivery and outline the potential for dietitians to not only embrace digital disruption, but also take ownership in shaping it, aiming to enhance patient care. An overview is provided of digital health concepts and disruptive technologies according to the four steps in the NCP: nutrition assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring and evaluation. It is imperative that dietitians stay abreast of these technological developments and be the leaders of the disruption, not simply subject to it. By doing so, dietitians now, as well as in the future, will maximise their impact and continue to champion evidence‐based nutrition practice.     

Disodium cromoglycate versus diet in the treatment and prevention of nickel-positive pompholyx

In some cases that have been diagnosed as contact allergy to nickel, there are repeated cutaneous eruptions of pompholyx, even in areas with no direct contact with the metal. The possible alimentary origin of dyshidrotic eczema should be considered when deciding on therapy. We have collected the clinical data for 24 patients with dyshidrotic eczema caused by nickel, to evaluate the benefit of a low-nickel diet versus treatment with oral disodium cromoglycate, comparing both objective and subjective symptoms. A low-nickel diet does not improve these patients but those treated with DSCG reacted better, from both objective and subjective point of view, than either the controls or the patients treated by diet. We next did intestinal permeability tests before therapy and after 15 days of treatment. We found that nickel uptake diminishes simultaneously with the reduction of absorption through the smaller aqueous "pores". This phenomenon was greatest after DSCG. We suggest that DSCG can help selected cases of pompholyx.     

高血脂症,动脉粥样硬化症的饮食防治

高脂肪,高糖类食物摄入量的增加与之相伴的不良饱含习惯,使血脂过高症和动脉粥样硬化症逐渐增多,已成为危害人们身体健康的严重病症。为了有效防治血脂过高症和动脉粥样硬化症的发生和发展,本文从发病原因入手,阐述了科学饮食,合理饮食的必要性和应采取的防治措施及注意事项。