Effects of aerobic exercise,traditional Chinese exercises,and meditation on depressive symptoms of college student: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background:Non-pharmacological intervention methods such as rehabilitation training or psychological treatment are mostly used in the treatment of depression owing to the limitation of adverse reactions such as drug treatment. However, the best non-pharmacological treatment strategy for depression in college students is unclear. Therefore, it is significant to discover non-drug intervention methods that can improve the depression symptoms of college students.Method:Electronic databases as of Sep 15, 2019, were searched, and reference lists and pharmaceutical dossiers were reviewed to detect published and unpublished studies from the date of their inception to Sep 15, 2019. With document quality evaluations and data extraction, Meta-Analysis was performed using a random effect model to evaluate the intervention effect of the aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, and meditation.Results:A total of 44 original studies were included. The random effect model was used to combine the effect values with Standard Mean Difference (SMD), and the results were: aerobic exercise [SMD = –0.53, 95% CI (–0.77, –0.30), I² = 80%, P < .001], traditional Chinese exercises [SMD = –0.42, 95% CI (–0.74, –0.10), I² = 90%, P = .01], meditation [SMD = –0.51, 95% CI (–0.90, –0.12), I² = 79%, P = .01]. There was greater heterogeneity among the included studies: aerobic exercise (I² = 80%, P < .001), traditional Chinese medicine methods (I² = 90%, P < .001), and meditation (I² = 79%, P < .001).Conclusions:This study revealed that the depression symptoms of college students can be effectively improved by aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, and meditation. Aerobic exercise would have a better effect on anxiety and stress while traditional Chinese exercise would have a better effect on stress. Further research (such as high-quality randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up) is required to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercise, and meditation on the depressive symptoms of college students to further apply complementary and alternative therapies.Ethics and dissemination:The results of the effects of aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, and meditation on depressive symptoms for a college student will be reported in a peer-reviewed publication. Hopefully, our findings from this meta-analysis can provide the most up-to-date evidence for the contribution to preventing the occurrence of depressive symptoms in college students.     

Psychological effects of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises for low back pain: A protocol for meta-analysis

Introduction:Several studies reported that traditional Chinese mind-body exercises showed beneficial effects on improving anxiety and depression of patients with low back pain (LBP) in recent years. However, the effects of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises on improving psychological disorders of patients with LBP remain controversial. Most previous reviews only focused on the effects of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises for LBP on pain and dysfunction. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to evaluate the evidence on psychological effects of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises for LBP.Methods and analysis:The electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and Wanfang Data) will be searched. The search will include all documents from their inception to February 2021. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale will be used for quality assessment of eligible studies. Risk of bias of eligible studies will also be assessed by Cochrane tool. The meta-analysis will be conducted using the Review Manager Version 5.3 software. The Higgins I² statistic will be performed to examine for heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis will be conducted based on different types of traditional Chinese mind-body exercises, different intervention time, and different outcomes. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Ethics and dissemination:No ethical statement will be required for the performance of this review and meta-analysis. The results of this review will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202130075.     

Effect of oral health intervention on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial

PurposeThe incidence of dementia is rapidly increasing worldwide, especially in developed countries. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of dental intervention to prevent dementia or a decline in cognitive functions among community-dwelling older adults, but a few studies have reported a correlation between the lack of regular dental checkups and dementia. For that reason, this study aimed to investigate the effects of oral health intervention on cognitive functions in community-dwelling subjects with a mild cognitive decline via a randomized controlled trial.Patients and methodsFifty-five community-dwelling older adults with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥21 to ≤26 who had not visited a dental clinic in the previous year were randomized to an intervention group (n = 28) or a control group (n = 29). The intervention group received monthly oral health intervention by dental hygienists for 8 months while the control group did not. Data on demographics, cognitive function and oral parameters were collected before and after the intervention.ResultsTwenty-five subjects in the intervention group (mean age 77.0 years) and 25 in the control group (mean age 72.8 years) completed the study. Significant improvements were observed in the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, bleeding on probing rate, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure and chewing ability in the intervention group (P < 0.05). There were also significant interactions between the TMT-A and TMT-B scores, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure and chewing ability (P < 0.05).ConclusionOral health intervention by dental hygienists may be effective for improving the oral health and executive function of cognitive function assessed via TMT.     

Penalization,bias reduction,and default priors in logistic and related categorical and survival regressions

Penalization is a very general method of stabilizing or regularizing estimates, which has both frequentist and Bayesian rationales. We consider some questions that arise when considering alternative penalties for logistic regression and related models. The most widely programmed penalty appears to be the Firth small‐sample bias‐reduction method (albeit with small differences among implementations and the results they provide), which corresponds to using the log density of the Jeffreys invariant prior distribution as a penalty function. The latter representation raises some serious contextual objections to the Firth reduction, which also apply to alternative penalties based on t‐distributions (including Cauchy priors). Taking simplicity of implementation and interpretation as our chief criteria, we propose that the log‐F(1,1) prior provides a better default penalty than other proposals. Penalization based on more general log‐F priors is trivial to implement and facilitates mean‐squared error reduction and sensitivity analyses of penalty strength by varying the number of prior degrees of freedom. We caution however against penalization of intercepts, which are unduly sensitive to covariate coding and design idiosyncrasies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Best Core Stabilization for Anticipatory Postural Adjustment and Falls in Hemiparetic Stroke

Objectives

To compare the effects of conventional core stabilization and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) on anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) time, balance performance, and fear of falls in chronic hemiparetic stroke.

焚烧飞灰处理技术与资源化利用研究进展

焚烧飞灰中含有可溶盐、重金属、痕量有机物及二恶英等物质,对环境和人体健康造成极大的危害。介绍了目前熔融处理、水泥固化、化学药剂稳定化等处理技术的研究进展,总结了飞灰资源化利用途径,提出了未来研究方向的建议。     

Variance stabilization for computing and comparing grand mean waveforms in MEG and EEG

Grand means of time‐varying signals (waveforms) across subjects in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly computed as arithmetic averages and compared between conditions, for example, by subtraction. However, the prerequisite for these operations, homogeneity of the variance of the waveforms in time, and for most common parametric statistical tests also between conditions, is rarely met. We suggest that the heteroscedasticity observed instead results because waveforms may differ by factors and additive terms and follow a mixed model. We propose to apply the asinh‐transformation to stabilize the variance in such cases. We demonstrate the homogeneous variance and the normal distributions of data achieved by this transformation using simulated waveforms, and we apply it to real MEG data and show its benefits. The asinh‐transformation is thus an essential and useful processing step prior to computing and comparing grand mean waveforms in MEG and EEG.     

新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统的三维有限元分析

目的对新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统进行三维有限元分析,研究其在稳定节段及邻近节段的生物力学影响,为下腰痛的脊柱内植物的设计和应用提供参考。方法基于正常腰椎有限元模型,构建腰椎不稳损伤模型,即腰椎切除腰4和腰5之间的双侧小关节、腰4椎板下1/2、后纵韧带,形成脊柱失稳模型,分别在失稳模型上进行坚强内固定系统和后路动态稳定系统,比较两种术式对手术节段和临近阶段的活动度、各个节段的弯曲刚度、椎间盘应力水平、前纵韧带应力水平及小关节韧带拉力的变化情况。结果对内固定桥接节段(腰4/腰5)应用新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统和坚强内固定系统后,在屈伸、侧屈、轴向旋转方向上的活动度均明显减小,但坚强固定后活动度减小更明显,应用动态稳定系统活动度更接近于正常腰椎节段;腰4/腰5椎间盘最大应力均减小,但坚强固定后活动度减小更明显,应用动态稳定系统活动度更接近于正常腰椎节段;对邻近节段(腰3/腰4、腰5/S1)应用新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统和坚强内固定系统后,在屈伸、侧屈、轴向旋转方向上的活动度均有所增大,但坚强固定后活动度增加更明显,应用动态稳定系统邻近节段活动度更接近于正常腰椎节段;邻近节段椎间盘最大应力均增大,但坚强固定后增大更明显,应用动态稳定系统更接近于正常腰椎节段;应用腰椎内固定后,邻近节段的小关节应力峰值增大,并且应用腰椎坚强内固定模型的小关节应力增大更多;应用腰椎动态固定的模型邻近关节应力峰值更加接近完整腰椎模型。结论新型腰椎后路动态稳定系统对比坚强内固定系统能够使失稳节段的活动更加接近于正常,减小邻近节段的活动度增加,减小邻近节段椎间盘及小关节压力,说明新型腰椎动态稳定系统达到设计要求。     

Effects of progressive muscular relaxation and stretching exercises combination on blood pressure among farmers in rural areas of Indonesia: a randomized study

Objective: Maintaining blood pressure (BP) could improve the quality of life among farmers in agricultural health. The study aims to evaluate the effects of progressive muscular relaxation and stretching exercises (SEs) for BP in farmer subjects in rural areas.Methods: A randomized controlled design was applied for this study. We performed a method, which is the combination of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and SEs for participants (30 in the control group and 60 in the intervention group). The intervention group self-practiced PMR and SEs through a video that providing instructions for 15 min. PMR practiced before going to sleeping in the night,and SEs practiced before going to farms in the morning per day for 3-months. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to measure the difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as one pre- and post-test comparison of baseline and 3 months data in control and intervention groups.Results: There were no significant differences between SBP and DBP pre- and post-test in control group (P > 0.050). Meanwhile, there were significant differences in reducing SBP (M = 126.67; SD = 18.07; 95％ CI = 120–147.5 mmHg) and DBP (M = 80.67; SD = 6.91;95％ CI = 80–90 mmHg) pre- and post-test combination of PMR and SEs in intervention group (P < 0.001). After 3-months of followup data, number type SBP and DBP still remained at the same levels of baseline and 3-month data in control group. While, there was an increased number of normal and prehypertension for SBP and DBP (10％ vs. 10％ and 20％ vs. 31.6％) and reduced of hypertension stage I for SBP and DBP (30％ vs. 41.6％).Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated effectively to reduce SBP and DBP among farmers using the combination of PMR and SEs in the agricultural health setting.     

Effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy in the management of temporomandibular disorders: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

A network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to assess the effectiveness of various types of occlusal splint in the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and to rank them according to their effectiveness. An electronic search was undertaken to identify RCTs published until August 2019. Predictor variables were control, non-occluding splint, hard stabilization splint (HSS), soft stabilization splint (SSS), prefabricated splint, mini-anterior splint, anterior repositioning splint (ARS), and counselling therapy (CT) with or without HSS. Outcome variables were pain improvement, post-treatment pain intensity, improvement in mouth opening, and disappearance of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds. Forty-eight RCTs were included. There was a significant decrease in post-treatment pain intensity in arthrogenous TMDs after ARS (low quality evidence), CT + HSS (moderate quality evidence), mini-anterior splints (very low quality evidence), and HSS alone (low quality evidence), when compared to the control. There was a significant decrease in post-treatment pain intensity in myogenous TMDs with mini-anterior splints (very low quality evidence), SSS (very low quality evidence), CT alone (moderate quality evidence), CT + HSS (moderate quality evidence), and HSS alone (moderate quality evidence), when compared to control. ARS and CT were superior in decreasing TMJ clicking than control and HSS alone. The three highest-ranked treatments for post-treatment pain reduction in arthrogenous TMDs were ARS (92%, very low quality evidence), CT + HSS (67.3%, low quality evidence), and HSS alone (52.9%, moderate quality evidence). For myogenous TMDs, they were mini-anterior splints (86.8%, low quality evidence), CT + HSS (61.2%, very low quality evidence), and HSS alone (59.7%, moderate quality evidence). Based on this NMA of 48 RCTs, there is moderate to very low quality evidence confirming the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy in the treatment of TMDs. Multimodal therapy consisting of CT + HSS may produce the maximum improvement for TMD patients.