肱动脉血流依赖性舒张功能与高血压的相关性研究

目的 通过肱动脉充血实验介导的血流依赖性舒张功能,进行高血压病患者和健康者内皮功能的比较.方法 选择60例高血压病患者和55例健康者进行肱动脉充血实验,测定反应性充血后动脉内径变化率(FMD).结果 高血压病患者肱动脉充血后内径变化率显著低于健康者.结论 高血压病患者存在内皮功能的下降.     

Comparative genomics of serotype Asia 1 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates from India sampled over the last two decades

This study deals with a comparative analysis of complete genome sequences of twenty-one serotype Asia 1 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) field viruses isolated over a period of two decades from India, two vaccine strains and seven exotic sequences. The Indian viruses could be grouped in to three distinct lineages at the entire coding region, evolving independently probably under differential selection pressure as evident from the lineage-specific signatures identified. This comparison revealed 80% of amino acids at the polyprotein region to be invariant. Twenty-one residues in L, 3A and P1 region were identified to be under positive selection of which some are antigenically critical. Analysis at functionally crucial motifs, receptor contact residues, polyprotein cleavage sites and at putative T-cell epitopes expands the knowledge beyond other serotypes. Antigenic site II in betaB-betaC loop of VP2 was highly unstable suggesting its exposure to extreme immune pressure. A single cross-over at the L proteinase region in an isolate from buffalo, also featuring an extensive deletion at the 5' untranslated region (UTR), reflects the role of intraserotypic genetic recombination in natural evolution. The likely biological relevance of deletions/insertions observed at UTRs, VP1 and 3A could not be deduced. Altogether, a substantial amount of data raised on full length genomes of type Asia 1 virus adds value to the FMD virus genomics.     

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD): The underdiagnosed cardiac condition that plagues women

Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be understudied, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in women. Gender and age bias complicate the evaluation of women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). As a result, conditions like spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) are often missed. SCAD is an infrequent yet important cause of myocardial infarction (MI) with a predilection for young to middle aged women. The condition is thought to be under-reported, likely a result of both low index of suspicion as well as an unfamiliarity with SCAD’s angiographic variants. Recently, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) detailed an assessment pathway for patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), a subset of which includes patients with SCAD. The pathway highlights the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in addition to intracoronary imaging for increased diagnostic yield. Early and proper diagnosis is crucial in SCAD given the potential for sudden cardiac death, as well as the increased risk for future cardiac events including recurrent dissection. In addition, SCAD has frequently been associated with underlying connective tissue disease and/or arteriopathy, most commonly fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which requires careful screening. The lack of consensus on investigation or treatment highlights the need for increased awareness and further research to better understand this challenging entity.     

Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa

The livestock industry supports livelihood and nutritional security of at least 42% of people in the Southern African Development Community region. However, presence of animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease poses a major threat to the development of this industry. Samples collected from FMD outbreaks in Zambia during 2015–2020, comprising epithelial tissues samples (n = 47) and sera (n = 120), were analysed. FMD virus was serotyped in 26 samples, while 92 sera samples tested positive on NSP-ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed notable changes in the epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, which included: (i) introduction of a novel FMDV SAT-3 (topotype II) causing FMD cases in cattle in Western Province; (ii) emergence of FMDV serotype O (topotype O/EA-2) in Central, Southern, Copperbelt, Western, Lusaka Provinces; and (iii) new outbreaks due to SAT -2 (topotypes I) in Eastern Zambia. Together, these data describe eight different epizootics that occurred in Zambia, four of which were outside the known FMD high-risk areas. This study highlights the complex epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, where the country represents an interface between East Africa (Pool 4) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). These changing viral dynamics have direct impacts on FMD vaccine selection in the SADC region.     

糖脉康颗粒联合度拉糖肽治疗2型糖尿病的临床研究

目的 探讨糖脉康颗粒联合度拉糖肽注射液治疗2型糖尿病的临床效果。方法 选取2021年5月—2023年4月在北京市第六医院收治的102例2型糖尿病患者，根据计算机随机排列将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组，各包括51例。对照组给予度拉糖肽注射液，起始剂量1次/周，1支/次，根据血糖水平调整剂量，维持剂量1次/周，1～2支/次。治疗组在对照组基础上口服糖脉康颗粒，3次/d，1袋/次。两组在治疗3个月后分析疗效。比较两组患者的临床疗效、血糖指标、血糖波动情况、血管内皮功能和血清指标。结果 治疗后，治疗组的总有效率高达92.16%，明显高于对照组的76.47%（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组患者的空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）均显著下降（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组的平均血糖波动幅度、血糖标准差、餐后血糖波动幅度明显降低（P＜0.05），且治疗组的平均血糖波动幅度、血糖标准差、餐后血糖波动幅度均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），两组的血管内皮功能指数（FMD）均显著升高（P＜0.05），治疗组的FMD明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组的血清内脂素（visfatin）、内皮素-1（ET-1）水平显著降低（P＜0.05），治疗组的血清visfatin、ET-1水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 糖脉康颗粒联合度拉糖肽注射液可提高2型糖尿病的疗效，有效降低血糖水平和血糖波动，改善血管内皮功能。