Étude des vécus de violences à l’encontre des femmes criminelles

BackgroundWomen constitute around 17% of criminal offenders. However, few studies have addressed criminality in females. The current study aims to determine the prevalence of violence inflicted upon a sample of 91 female criminals during their adult life and compare it to the general female population, in order to provide a better understanding of female crime.MaterialData was collected, between 2014 and 2019, from the criminal expertise files of an expert at the Rennes Court of Appeal for women aged over 15. History of violence experienced as defined by the WHO criteria, where included.ResultsNinety-one criminal expertise files were included. The prevalence of violence experienced during adulthood was 57.1%, a prevalence significantly higher than that of the general European and international female population. Furthermore, these women reported experiences of violence independently of their age in 76.1% of cases.ConclusionOur study highlights an important prevalence of experiences of violence in the life course of criminal women. This victimization appears to be closely related to criminality in women and seems to be a key point in understanding female criminality. In addition, psychiatric disorders are frequent in this population and are over-represented by substance use and personality disorders. The latter two disorders appear to be conditioned by a history of experienced violence, seem associated with crime and to increase the risk of committing a violent act. Therefore, experiences of violence seem to be a predisposing factor to the development of medico-legal issues.     

Qualitative analysis by interviews and video recordings to establish the components of a skilled low-cavity non-rotational vacuum delivery

Objectives  The objectives of this study were to define the components of a skilled low-cavity non-rotational vacuum delivery (occiput anterior, vertex at station +2 or below and less than 45-degree rotation from midline) and to facilitate the transfer of skills from expert to trainee obstetricians.
Design  Qualitative study using interviews and video recordings.
Setting  Two university teaching hospitals (St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, and Ninewell's Hospital, Dundee).
Participants  Ten obstetricians and eight midwives identified as experts in conducting or supporting operative vaginal deliveries.
Methods  Semi-structured interviews were carried out using routine clinical scenarios. The experts were also video recorded conducting low-cavity vacuum deliveries in a simulation setting. The interviews and video recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic coding. The anonymised data were independently coded by three researchers and compared for consistency of interpretation. The experts reviewed the coded interviews and video data for respondent validation and clarification. The themes that emerged following the final coding were used to formulate a list of skills.
Main outcome measures  Key technical skills of a low-cavity non-rotational delivery.
Results  The final list included detailed technical skills required for conducting a low-cavity vacuum delivery. The combination of semi-structured interviews and simulation videos allowed the formulation of a comprehensive skills tool for future evaluation.
Conclusion  This explicitly defined skills list could aid trainees understanding of the technique of low-cavity vacuum delivery. This is an important first step in evaluating clinical competence in intrapartum procedures.     

Évaluation de la dynamique criminelle et des processus qui sous-tendent l’agir infractionnel dans un cadre expertal

Psychiatric and psychological examinations are increasingly sought in the criminal field since 12 December 2005 law on recidivism, laws of 10 August 2007 on the floor sentences and, above all, 25 February 2008 on the retention safety. This criminal judge sur-sollicitation is, more than ever, psychologists and psychiatrists experts training problem. Faced with the evolutions of the law and the recognition of the contribution of the psychological examination, there exists nowadays a strong demand for psychologists from the courts of appeal, which implies a development of the formations in this particular field as well as the tools for the analysis of the offence. In continuity of “consensus conference” about psychiatric expertise et in order to analyze and give a meaning to the offence in a psychocriminological's perspective, this article presents the axes of analysis to be developed and their implementation through the different aspects of a clinical interview. The investigated aspects are taken from a clinical research and have been experimented in different theoretical works as well in the expert's clinic in court.     

法医学鉴定质量管理体系的初步研究

法医学鉴定是运用现代科学技术手段，对诉讼、仲裁等活动中所涉及的专门性问题进行检验、鉴别和判断的活动，具有遵循科学标准和法律规范的双重属性。通过对法医学鉴定管理体系的建立，使法医学鉴定活动全过程（组织、计划、协凋和控制）经常性地处于受控状态，明确法医学鉴定人的资格、资质，规范法医学鉴定的程序、标准，整合现有的法医学鉴定资源，实施法医学鉴定质量管理体系，提高法医学鉴定整体水平服务。     

Clinical cognition and embodiment

I first identify two different distinctions: between Cartesian cognition and embodied cognition, and between calculative rationality and intuitive know-how. I then suggest that, in the nursing literature, these two distinctions are run together, to create an opposition between 'Cartesian rationality' and 'embodied know-how'. However, it is vital to keep the two distinctions apart, because 'embodied knowing' is very frequently rational. In separating the idea of embodied cognition from non-rational intuition, I show how 'embodiment' leads to the concepts of distributed cognition and distributed expertise. This has extensive and important implications for how we understand clinical cognition in nursing.     

Les réseaux sociaux

Résumé: On peut définir trois grands types de réseaux sociaux où interagissent les grands secteurs du social (prise en charge des jeunes, personnes agées, handicapées, insertion des adultes). La qualité de l’articulation entre ces différents types de réseaux peut optimiser la prise en charge des personnes malades et favoriser leur accompagnement. Toutefois, il existe de fortes inégalités d’accès à ces réseaux, ce qui demande une expertise de l’intervention sociale afin de traduire les besoins exprimés en termes opératoires. L’avenir des réseaux est conditionné par l’affinement de leurs connexions avec les réseaux de soins émergents et laisse entrevoir une nouvelle culture professionnelle.