心脏永久性起搏器植入患者门诊随访依从性分析

目的：分析心脏永久性起搏器植入患者门诊随访依从性的现状、影响因素及探讨提高随访依从性的方法。方法：回顾性分析2006-01至2013-01在我院住院植入心脏永久性起搏器的患者817例,对术后1年内的门诊随访情况进行依从性评判,并分析其影响因素。实际随访790例（96.70%）,1年内未进行门诊随访者入电话随访组（n=350例）,至少进行过1次门诊随访者入门诊随访组（n=440例）。结果：研究对象中,失访26例,失访率3.18%;非起搏器相关死亡1例,实际随访790例,实际随访率96.7%,其中门诊随访者440例（55.70％）,电话随访者350例（44.30％）。两组在文化程度、医疗费用、居住地、对心律失常的了解、固定陪护人员方面的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高中以上文化程度、医疗费用可报销、本地居住、对心律失常知识了解、有固定陪护人员的患者门诊随访率高。1年内总体并发症发生率1.8%,均未造成严重后果。随访时进行优化参数设置者占59.5%。结论：心脏永久性起搏器植入患者门诊随访率较低。影响因素较多,包括文化程度、医保制度、居住地、对心律失常的认知程度、有无陪护人员。     

Long-term adherence to nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy by hypertensive patients with preexisting sleep apnea

Background and objectiveAlthough positive screening for and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have been recommended for patients with cardiovascular problems, patient adherence to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy primarily for a cardiovascular concern is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the adherence to CPAP therapy by hypertensive patients with OSA after a screening test performed regardless of OSA-related symptoms.Subjects and methodsCPAP therapy was administered to 194 of the 1365 hypertensive patients who underwent the screening. The monthly dropout from CPAP therapy and the adequate use level (4 h every night, 70% days in a month) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier analysis over a 3-year follow-up period.ResultsOf the patients, 106 (55%) refused or abandoned the therapy by the end of the follow-up period (adherence, 45%). An adequate use level was maintained by 76 patients (39%). Most of the patients’ background characteristics, including age, sex, Epworth sleepiness scale scores, and parameters obtained on polysomnography, were not related to adherence or adequate use level. The good-compliance level on the first visit after CPAP therapy introduction was most strongly related to adherence (95% CI, 0.05–0.32; p < 0.001) and adequate use level (95% CI, 0.06–0.33; p < 0.05). Fourth quartile of apnea hypopnea index value (greater than 67/h) was also related to adherence (95% CI, 0.21–0.98; p < 0.02) and adequate use level (95% CI, 0.19–0.88; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe adherence and use level in this population may not be satisfactory but are comparable with those in previous sleep center reports treating symptomatic OSA patients. Thus, the present results would encourage hypertensive patients to undergo positive screening for OSA, regardless of OSA-related symptoms. However, an outcomes study with the same cohort is needed.     

Adherence to treatment for diabetes mellitus: validation of instruments for oral antidiabetics and insulin

Objectives

to verify the face validity, criterion-related validity and the reliability of two distinct forms of presentation of the instrument Measurement of Adherence to Treatment, one being for ascertaining the adherence to the use of oral antidiabetics and the other for adherence to the use of insulin, as well as to assess differences in adherence between these two modes of drug therapy.

Method

a methodological study undertaken with 90 adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The criterion-related validity was verified using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves; and for the reliability, the researchers calculated the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the item-total correlation, and the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results

the oral antidiabetics and the other showed sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.35 and a Cronbach correlation coefficient of 0.84. For the adherence to the use of insulin, the values found were, respectively, 0.60, 0.21 and 0.68. A statistically significant difference was found between the final scores of the two forms of the instrument, indicating greater adherence to the use of insulin than to oral antidiabetics.

Conclusion

it is concluded that the two forms of the Measurement of Adherence to Treatment instrument are reliable and should be used to evaluate adherence to drug treatment among people with diabetes mellitus.     

社区综合性护理干预对原发性高血压患者遵医行为及生活质量的影响

目的探讨社区综合性护理干预对原发性高血压患者遵医行为及生活质量的影响。方法选取2011年12月-2013年12月本社区80例高血压患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组40例。对照组仅由社区医护人员予对症指导,研究组采用综合性护理干预措施,包括心理、饮食、运动、用药干预及健康教育、家庭访视。比较两组患者的降压效果、遵医率、生活质量改善总良好率。结果研究组患者血压控制的总有效率达97.5%、总遵医率达95.0%、生活质量改善的总良好率达95.0%,分别明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论社区综合性护理干预可以提高原发性高血压患者遵医行为及生活质量,从而有效控制血压水平。     

社区教育干预对78例糖尿病患者疗效及依从性的影响

目的探讨社区健康教育干预对糖尿病患者疗效和依从性的影响。方法在本社区范围内随机抽取确诊为糖尿病的患者78例,随机分为常规结合健康教育的观察组和常规护理干预的对照组,每组39例,干预结束后进行疗效评价,随访观察依从性。结果经健康教育后,观察组有效率为87．18％,优于对照组的71．79％,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。随访经过健康教育的糖尿病患者,在相同的时间段内,观察组的治疗依从性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。进行组内比较后发现,治疗到12个月时,对照组治疗依从性要显著低于治疗6个月时（P〈0．05）。结论健康教育干预不仅可有效提高糖尿病患者的疗效,而且对于提高治疗的依从性大有裨益。     

个体化健康教育在妇科护理工作中的效果探讨

目的：研究个体化健康教育在妇科护理工作中的应用价值。方法选择2012年4月～2013年7月我院收治的124例妇科住院患者,按照入院时间不同分成研究组（62例）与对照组（62例）,研究组实施个体化健康教育方式,对照组采用常规健康教育方式,比较与分析两组护理效果。结果研究组患者对疾病知识的有效掌握率、遵医行为的有效遵医率、对护理工作的满意率等方面都显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论个体化健康教育方式运用在妇科患者护理工作中,护理效果较佳,应用价值较高,值得推广与应用。     

Oral appliances for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with low C-PAP compliance: a long-term case series

Objectives:

To assess the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) over a long-term follow-up in patients non-compliant with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and to identify potential predictive factors of response to MADs.

Methods:

Fifteen OSAS patients were enrolled. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and daytime sleepiness were assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up. Potential baseline predictors of treatment effectiveness were assessed.

Results:

AHI and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores improved significantly with MADs. Sixty per cent of patients were ‘responders’, of whom 33% were ‘full responders’. Sixty-seven per cent of patients showed total compliance. No correlations between the potential predictors and the response to MAD therapy were found.

Discussion:

Effectiveness of MAD therapy was shown over a long-term follow-up in OSAS patients with low compliance to CPAP. Efforts to identify predictive success factors fell short.