射频消融术后尿潴留患者的护理

分析86例射频消融术后患者出现尿潴留的不同原因，包括不习惯床上排尿、精神因素、疼痛等。护理对策包括：减少卧床时间，心理护理，变换体位，物理诱导，术后多饮水等，结果81例患者排尿成功，只有5例(5．8％)男性前列腺肥大患者需要导尿。     

Characterization of an immunologic polymorphism (D79H) in the heavy chain of factor V.

BACKGROUND: During the study of a family with hereditary factor (F)V deficiency (FV Amersfoort, 1102 A > T in exon 7) we identified an individual with 5% FV heavy chain antigen (FV(HC)) and 50% FV light chain antigen (FV(LC)). Further testing revealed that apart from the FV Amersfoort allele a second variant FV allele was segregating in this family, which encodes for a FV molecule with a reduced affinity for mAb V-23 used in the FV heavy chain ELISA (ELISA(HC)). OBJECTIVE: Identification and characterization of the molecular basis responsible for the reduced affinity of the variant FV for mAb V-23. METHODS: Family members of the proband were screened for mutations in the exons coding for the heavy chain of FV, after which the recombinant variant FV could be generated and characterized. Next, the cases and controls of the Leiden Thrombophilia Study (LETS) were genotyped for carriership of the variant FV. RESULTS: In the variant FV allele a polymorphism in exon 3 (409G > C) was identified, which predicts the replacement of aspartic acid 79 by histidin (D79H). Introduction of this mutation in recombinant FV confirmed that it reduces the affinity for binding to mAb V-23. The substitution has no effect on FV(a) stability and Xa-cofactor activity. In Caucasians the frequency of the FV-79H allele is approximately 5%. Analysis of the LETS revealed that the FV-79H allele is not associated with FV levels (FV(LC)), activated protein C sensitivity (using an activated partial thromboplastin time-based test) or risk of venous thrombosis (OR 1.07, CI 95: 0.7-1.7). CONCLUSION: The D79H substitution in FV should be considered as a neutral polymorphism. The monoclonal antibody V-23, which has a strongly reduced affinity for FV-79H, is not suitable for application in diagnostic tests.     

病理证实的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤40例临床分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的临床与影像学特点，治疗与预后。方法对40例病理证实的PCNSL的临床与影像学表现、治疗和预后情况进行回顾性分析。结果PCNSL好发于50～60岁男性，急性或亚急性起病。肿瘤单发者占75．0％，多发者占25．0％，多位于脑脊液循环通路附近，即深部结构近脑室（57．5％）或靠近皮质的浅表部位（32．5％）。病理均为B细胞型，有特征性的“血管周围淋巴套”和“星空现象”。临床不具有特异性。头颅MRI多为T1低信号，T2高信号，界限清晰，水肿明显，显著均匀强化占67．6％，厚壁环形强化占13．5％。采用大剂量甲氨蝶呤（HDMTX）化疗者，存活率（75．0％）较未采用者（48．1％）高。平均生存时间14．8个月，复发后69．2％的患者存活不足6个月。结论PCNSL临床表现无特异性，确诊需靠穿刺活体组织检查。治疗首选HDMTX为基础的综合化疗，预后差。     

颅内原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI研究

目的研究颅内原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）的MRI表现特点。资料与方法回顾性分析23例颅内PCNSL的MRI表现。抽取恶性胶质瘤30例、颅内转移瘤30例，共60例归为非PCNSL组作为对照。观察肿瘤部位、分布、信号、形态，并进行统计学分析。结果颅内PCNSL好发于深部脑组织，如胼胝体、丘脑及基底节区，多发病灶多呈区域性分布；肿瘤T2WI多呈等或稍高信号，甚至低信号，扩散加权像（DWI）呈均匀高信号；增强扫描多呈均匀明显强化，肿瘤周围可见“尖突征”。与非PCNSL组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论颅内PCNSL影像表现多样，但具有一定特征。     

下肢深静脉瓣功能不全的二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 探讨下肢深静脉瓣功能不全的二维及彩色多普勒超声声像图改变。方法 应用二维及彩色多普勒超声检查下肢深静脉瓣功能不全36例，47条腿，观察下肢静脉血管及瓣膜的解剖结构和血流动力学改变。结果 有静脉瓣功能不全的患肢静脉管腔内径均有不同程度增宽，瓣膜均有不同程度的改变，脉冲多普勒显示返流频谱返流时间大于0.5s。结论 该检查对诊断下肢深静脉瓣功能不全有较高的实用价值。     

肠系膜静脉血栓的影像诊断和溶栓治疗

目的 报告肠系膜静脉血栓(MVT)血管造影的基本征象和留置导管溶栓治疗的初步经验。资料与方法 4例患者，男3例，女1例，平均年龄42岁。原发疾患分别是肾病综合征、肝细胞性肝癌、胰腺炎和剖宫术后。2例有腹部超声检查。4例均经肠系膜上动脉(SMA)插管造影诊断为MVT。随后留置导管，直接实施尿激酶灌注溶栓及抗凝。结果 MVT血管造影的基本征象是：(1)SMA及其分支痉挛和显影时间延长。(2)肠系膜上静脉(SMV)延迟显影或几乎不显影。(3)SMV主干或较大分支内的充盈缺损。(4)肠壁增厚，肠腔内对比剂存留和网膜静脉迂曲扩张。尿激酶(或组织溶栓剂)和肝素治疗后3～10天复查，上述征象消失，SMV显影时间正常，血流通畅。患者临床症状亦改善，免去了手术治疗。结论 选择性SMA造影为临床怀疑MVT时直接观察SMV血流状态的准确诊断手段，并可同时实施经SMA导管尿激酶灌注溶栓及观察疗效。     

Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血的评价(附6例报告)

目的:评价直肠癌根治术中用Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血(MPVP)的临床价值。方法:分析1995~2005年用Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血6例的临床资料。结果:6例骶前大出血中全部用Foley尿管气囊压迫控制出血,术中出血量为800~1700mL,Foley尿管于术后4d拔除3例,5d1例,6d2例,均无再出血,会阴切口均一期愈合。结论:Foley尿管气囊压迫治疗骶前静脉丛大出血是一种简单安全有效的治疗方法。     

Voice prosthesis insertion after endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation in case of a stenotic hypopharyngo-oesophageal junction

Stenosis of the hypopharyngo-oesophageal junction can be a rare complication of laryngectomy and/or partial pharyngectomy and makes the insertion of voice prosthesis extremely difficult. This study describes the authors’ experiences gained by endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation of hypopharyngo-oesophageal stenoses prior to implantation of voice prostheses in four cases. In two patients a single balloon-catheter dilatation resulted in wide enough pharyngo-oesophageal lumen on the long run. The average prosthesis wearing-times were 6.8 months in case 1 and 4.6 months in case 2, corresponding to the published literature data. In case 3, repeated dilatation of the pharyngo-oesophageal transition had proved to be unsuccessful despite taking every effort with the endoscopic balloon-catheter method. Having excised the stenotic segment, reconstruction with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) was indicated. Eighteen months later, a repeated restenosis was observed and a free jejunal flap needed to be performed as a final solution. In case 4, the insertion was carried out into a previously dilated jejunal free flap, which became gradually ischemic and stenotic since the major head-and neck procedure was carried out that resulted in prosthesis rejection after just 1 week. The authors emphasize that correct indication of pedicled and free flaps in head and neck reconstruction is a prerequisite from the aspect of prevention of pharyngo-oesophageal strictures. Endoscopic balloon-catheter dilatation is a safe and established method for dilatating hypopharyngo-oesophageal stenoses of different origin. The procedure provides maximum patient benefit with minimal trauma and morbidity; moreover, facilitates insertion of voice prostheses. However, a single balloon-catheter dilatation cannot always result in wide enough oesophageal lumen on the long run (case 3). Insertion of a voice prosthesis into a previously dilated ischemic jejunal segment is challenging and avoidable due to risks of complications.     

静脉药物配置中心的建立在临床中的应用

静脉输液药物集中配置、管理是我国医院管理的一项新举措.长期以来,临床静脉输液中的加药工作一直是由护士在治疗室独立完成,这种方式存在着很多不足之处.在这种环境污染下,职业健康安全管理越来越受到各国政府的重视.为了提高服务质量,预防和控制可能存在的环境污染及职业健康安全风险,国家颁布 GB/T24001～ 1996<环境管理体系规范和使用指南>, GB/T28001-2001<职业健康安全管理体系规范>标准,引进国外的先进管理模式,此项工作由药师和护士共同完成,以期达到合理用药减少药物的流失和浪费,科学配置、降低输液反应.静脉药物配置中心把静脉药物配置从普通环境的治疗室转为在具有洁净条件的配置中心进行集中管理配置,保证配置出来的药品安全无菌、有效.需要输液的患者在舒适、整洁和安静的环境下进行输液,减少临床护理工作量的目的,把更多的时间还给病人.这为顺利实施静脉配置中心的项目提供了保障,确保了输液中心正常运行.     

新一代人工牛黄的药理与毒理学研究 Ⅰ.对中枢神经系统的影响

本文比较了新一代人工牛黄和天然牛黄,人工牛黄对中枢神经系统的影响,实验结果:新一代人工牛黄对小鼠中枢神经系统具有抑制作用,对发热大鼠有一定程度的解热作用,它的药理作用与天然牛黄接近,某些药理作用强于人工牛黄,为新一代人工牛黄代替天然牛黄提供了科学依据.