Burden of Providing Informal Care for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

ObjectivesPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have rapid and irregular heart rates, increasing the risk of comorbidities and mortality. Next to formal medical care, many patients receive informal care from their social environment. The objective of this study was to examine the well-being and economic burden of providing informal care to patients with AF in the UK, Italy, and Germany.MethodsCaregivers of patients with AF completed an online survey based on the iMTA Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire, with questions about their caregiving situation, perceived burden of caregiving, and absence from work due to health problems resulting from caregiving. Care-related quality-of-life utilities were calculated using the Care-related Quality of Life instrument and associated tariffs. Societal costs of caregiving were calculated based on the proxy good method.ResultsA total of 585 caregivers participated in this study. On average, caregivers provided 33 hours of informal care per week to patients (SD 29 hours). On a scale from 0 to 10, their self-rated burden was 5.4. The average Care-related Quality of Life utility was 72. Caregivers primarily indicated problems with daily activities, mental health, and physical health. Still, the vast majority of caregivers (87%) derived fulfillment from providing care. Weekly societal costs of caregiving were on average €636. Comorbidities contributed substantially to the caregiver time and burden.ConclusionsCaring for a patient with AF is associated with substantial objective and subjective burden, but also provides fulfillment from being able to care for a loved one.     

A scoping Review of tools used to assess patient Complexity in rheumatic disease

ObjectivePatients with rheumatic diseases often have multiple comorbidities which may impact well‐being leading to high psychosocial complexity. This scoping review was undertaken to identify complexity measures/tools used in rheumatology that could help in planning and coordinating care.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from database inception to 14 December 2019 using keywords and Medical Subject Headings for “care coordination”, “complexity” and selected rheumatic diseases and known complexity measures/tools. Articles describing the development or use of complexity measures/tools in patients with adult rheumatologic diagnoses were included regardless of study design. Included articles were evaluated for risk of bias where applicable.ResultsThe search yielded 407 articles, 37 underwent full‐text review and 2 were identified during a hand search with 9 included articles. Only 2 complexity tools used in populations of adult patients with rheumatic disease were identified: the SLENQ and the INTERMED. The SLENQ is a 97‐item patient needs questionnaire developed for patients with systemic lupus (n = 1 study describing tool development) and applied in 5 cross‐sectional studies. Three studies (a practice article, trial and a cross‐sectional study) applied the INTERMED, a clinical interview to ascertain complexity and support coordinated care, in patients with rheumatologic diagnoses.ConclusionsThere is limited information on the use of patient complexity measures/tools in rheumatology. Such tools could be applied to coordinate multidisciplinary care and improve patient experience and outcomes.Patient contributionThis scoping review will be presented to patient research partners involved in co‐designing a future study on patient complexity in rheumatic disease.     

2017—2019年攀枝花市某医院心血管疾病住院患者疾病谱及住院费用分析

目的 分析心血管疾病住院患者疾病谱及住院费用,了解疾病构成的规律特点及经济负担,为心内科疾病诊治工作提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析攀枝花市某三级医院2017—2019年心血管疾病住院患者资料,从医院相关管理信息系统中导出诊断为心血管疾病的病例条目、详细病历及病例住院费用等数据,采用描述流行病学分析方法对心血管疾病住院患者资料进行分析。结果 共纳入心血管疾病住院患者11 376例,2017—2019年分别有3 492、3 815、4 069例,分别占30.7%、33.5%、35.8%,病例数逐年上升。3年间心血管疾病住院患者的性别分布差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,年龄分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,心血管疾病住院患者发病呈年轻化趋势。病种均以冠心病和高血压所占比例最大,合计分别占当年心血管疾病住院患者的57.6%、55.5%,2019年则上升至62.8%。3年间心血管疾病住院患者有伴发疾病比例（27.6%、26.1%、25.4%）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。心血管疾病住院患者住院天数分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,2019年的患者住院时间<7 d的比例有所上升。2017、2018、2019年该医院心血管疾病住院患者诊治自费费用分别为（5 925.6±285.7）、（5 904.2±264.3）、（5 890.9±230.8）元/人,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 2017—2019年攀枝花市某医院心血管疾病住院患者病例数增加,住院患者发病年龄有年轻化趋势,主要病种仍以冠心病和高血压为主,住院天数及自费费用呈下降趋势。     

广州市越秀区托幼机构流感样病例暴发疫情经济负担评估和流感疫苗卫生经济学评价

目的 对广州市越秀区学龄前儿童的流感经济负担进行评估,并针对流感疫苗开展卫生经济学评价,为制定免疫规划策略提供依据。方法 以广州市越秀区托幼机构2019年1—6月发生的9起流感样病例暴发疫情的患病儿童为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方式开展经济负担评估,并以其中1起暴发疫情为基础建立SEIAR动力学模型,模拟不同接种策略下的疫情趋势,评价其经济学效益。结果 患病儿童总经济负担人均1 293.56（95% UI:1 096.23~1 592.84）元,其中直接医疗费用人均422.56（95% UI:320.71~555.29）元,直接非医疗费用人均125.95（95% UI:82.41~188.80）元,间接经济损失人均797.03（95% UI:661.50~938.76）元。在流行季前接种1剂次三价流感疫苗,每投入226.19元,可减少1例流感病例,每投入1元,可获得5.72元效益;接种2剂次三价流感疫苗,每投入178.77元,可减少1例流感病例,每投入1元,可获得7.24元效益;接种四价流感疫苗,每投入315.83元,可减少1例流感病例,每投入1元,可获得4.10元效益。结论 广州市越秀区托幼机构流感样病例暴发疫情经济负担较高,如在流行季前接种2剂次三价流感疫苗,可以获得正效益和最好的效益成本比。     

2型糖尿病患者自我管理、饮食依从性、心理负担与血糖水平的相关研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者的自我管理知识态度行为、饮食依从性、心理负担的现状,探讨其与血糖水平之间的关联。 方法 采用随机抽样法选取2019年9月—2020年10月在潍坊市某三甲医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者330例为调查对象,应用一般资料调查表、人体指标检测表、糖尿病患者自我管理知识态度行为评价简化量表、糖尿病患者饮食行为依从性测评量表、糖尿病痛苦量表进行问卷调查,采用二元logistic回归分析自我管理、饮食依从性、心理负担的影响因素,应用Spearman相关分析自我管理、饮食依从性、心理负担的相关性,采用多重线性逐步回归分析血糖水平的影响因素。结果 330例研究对象中HbA1c<7%者共99例(30.00%),自我管理合格、饮食依从性合格、略微心理负担者分别为184、189、150例(占比:55.76%、57.27%、45.45%)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地(OR=0.495,95%CI:0.280～0.874)、病程(OR=1.771,95%CI:1.421～2.206)、因糖尿病住院次数(OR=2.481,95%CI:1.396～4.408)、是否接受过专业系统宣教(OR=3.649,95%CI:1.239～10.751)、药物饮食运动联合控制(OR=4.354,95%CI:2.419～7.838)是自我管理的影响因素;年龄(OR=1.525,95%CI:1.119～2.078)、性别(OR=2.543,95%CI:1.465～4.415)、是否接受过专业系统宣教(OR=3.085,95%CI:1.368～6.960)、药物饮食运动联合控制(OR=11.910,95%CI:6.323～22.432)是饮食依从性的影响因素;年龄(OR=0.739,95%CI:0.559～0.979)、病程(OR=0.543,95%CI:0.449～0.657)是心理负担的影响因素。自我管理与饮食依从性、与心理负担,饮食依从性与心理负担相关(r=0.586、-0.443、-0.168,P<0.05)。多重线性逐步回归分析结果显示,饮食依从性、握力、药物饮食运动联合控制、心理负担是2型糖尿病患者血糖水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者血糖水平与饮食依从性、心理负担、联合控制方式等密切相关;制定综合防控措施,着力提高饮食依从性,提升握力水平,有助于糖尿病患者维持良好的血糖水平。     

RBRVS-KPI模式下公立医院绩效考核体系构建及应用

目的探讨如何将以资源为基础的相对价值比率（RBRVS）与关键绩效指标法（KPI）相结合,运用于公立医院绩效考核体系实践中。方法分析样本医院绩效考核体系的应用效果,根据医院总体目标,经过点值测算、指标选择,建立了一套具有医院特色的改良型RBRVS-KPI模式绩效考核体系。结果经实践,医疗质量和运行效率大幅度提高,在一定程度上促进了医院管理的精细化。结论RBRVS-KPI模式下的绩效考核体系较唯财务导向的绩效模式更能体现医护人员劳动价值,值得探索与推广。     

Estimate of Burden and Direct Healthcare Cost of Infectious Waterborne Disease in the United States

Provision of safe drinking water in the United States is a great public health achievement. However, new waterborne disease challenges have emerged (e.g., aging infrastructure, chlorine-tolerant and biofilm-related pathogens, increased recreational water use). Comprehensive estimates of the health burden for all water exposure routes (ingestion, contact, inhalation) and sources (drinking, recreational, environmental) are needed. We estimated total illnesses, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, deaths, and direct healthcare costs for 17 waterborne infectious diseases. About 7.15 million waterborne illnesses occur annually (95% credible interval [CrI] 3.88 million–12.0 million), results in 601,000 ED visits (95% CrI 364,000–866,000), 118,000 hospitalizations (95% CrI 86,800–150,000), and 6,630 deaths (95% CrI 4,520–8,870) and incurring US $3.33 billion (95% CrI 1.37 billion–8.77 billion) in direct healthcare costs. Otitis externa and norovirus infection were the most common illnesses. Most hospitalizations and deaths were caused by biofilm-associated pathogens (nontuberculous mycobacteria, Pseudomonas, Legionella), costing US $2.39 billion annually.     

Management of Chronic Pain in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectivesPain, a complex subjective experience, is common in care home residents. Despite advances in pain management, optimal pain control remains a challenge. In this updated systematic review, we examined effectiveness of interventions for treating chronic pain in care home residents.DesignA Cochrane-style systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA guidelines.Setting and ParticipantsRandomized and nonrandomized controlled trials and intervention studies included care home residents aged ≥60 years receiving interventions to reduce chronic pain.MethodsSix databases were searched to identify relevant studies. After duplicate removal, articles were screened by title and abstract. Full-text articles were reviewed and included if they implemented a pain management intervention and measured pain with a standardized quantitative pain scale. Meta-analyses calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) using random-effect models. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool 2.0.ResultsWe included 42 trials in the meta-analysis and described 13 more studies narratively. Studies included 26 nondrug alternative treatments, 8 education interventions, 7 system modifications, 3 nonanalgesic drug treatments, 2 analgesic treatments, and 9 combined interventions. Pooled results at trial completion revealed that, except for nonanalgesic drugs and health system modification interventions, all interventions were at least moderately effective in reducing pain. Analgesic treatments (SMD ?0.80; 95% CI ?1.47 to ?0.12; P = .02) showed the greatest treatment effect, followed by nondrug alternative treatments (SMD ?0.70; 95% CI ?0.95 to ?0.45; P < .001), combined interventions (SMD ?0.37; 95% CI ?0.60 to ?0.13; P = .002), and education interventions (SMD ?0.31; 95% CI ?0.48 to ?0.15; P < .001).Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings suggest that analgesic drugs and nondrug alternative pain management strategies are the most effective in reducing pain among care home residents. Clinicians should also consider implementing nondrug alternative therapies in care homes, rather than relying solely on analgesic drug options.     

石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病检出情况及影响因素研究

目的探讨石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病检出情况及影响因素。方法2021年9—12月采用整群随机抽样方法抽取石家庄市3个社区,对抽中社区的所有居民进行问卷调查和肺功能检查。利用描述流行病学方法分析社区人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病现状。应用单、多因素方法分析影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生的危险因素。结果共2348名居民完成问卷调查和肺功能检查,其中男1205人,占51.32%,女1143人,占48.68%,年龄31~76岁。共有146例检出慢性阻塞性肺疾病,检出率为6.22%,其中轻度69例,占47.26%,中度54例,占36.99%,重度23例,占15.75%,未检出极重度者。检出来的症状分布中,以咳嗽及咳痰的比例较高,分别为52.05%(76例)和49.32%(72例)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄≥40岁(OR=1.705、1.936)、男性(OR=3.404)、居住在农村(OR=2.469)、偶尔或经常吸烟(OR=1.592、1.800)、有职业粉尘接触史(OR=2.179)、有哮喘家族史(OR=3.164)、有慢性阻塞性肺疾病家族史(OR=5.170)、有呼吸道反复感染史(OR=3.414)是石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺病患病的影响因素。结论石家庄市居民的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况不容乐观,且危险因素众多。重点针对中老年、吸烟、农村、有各种相关家族史的男性高危人群开展早期筛查和采取针对性干预措施,有助于对居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病进行防控。     

1990—2019年中国丙型病毒性肝炎疾病负担评估

 目的 分析1990—2019年中国丙型病毒性肝炎疾病负担变化趋势与流行现状,为推动消除丙型病毒性肝炎行动提供科学依据。方法 利用2019全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2019)数据,分析中国人群丙型病毒性肝炎发病、患病、伤残调整生命年(DALY)及寿命损失年(YLL)的30年变化趋势与现状,应用GraphPad Prism 8.0作图。结果 2019年,中国丙型病毒性肝炎疾病总负担之标化DALY率约101/10万人年;急性丙型病毒性肝炎标化发病率约47/10万;丙型病毒性肝炎相关慢性肝病的发病率高峰在40~44岁,标化患病率约1 247/10万。1990—2019年,丙型病毒性肝炎总标化发病率和标化患病率均于2015年降到波谷,之后4年急转上升;标化DALY率30年持续下降。结论 丙型病毒性肝炎疾病负担以丙型病毒性肝炎相关慢性肝病为主;因直接抗病毒药物治疗周期短、疗效好,建议加大宣传力度,加强丙型病毒性肝炎筛查,推进健康中国建设。