孕期保健及全程心理干预对降低初孕产妇剖宫产率的效果观察

目的:观察孕期保健及全程心理干预对降低初孕产妇剖宫产率的效果。方法:随机选取2006年1月~2013年1月,在沙河医院产检、分娩的初产妇共443例,按照有无参加孕周保健及产前心理干预分为观察组276例,对照组167例,观察组均实施完整的孕期保健及产前健康教育,对照组仅有一般的产前检查,没有孕周保健,未参加产前健康教育。对照组予常规孕期体检及知识指导。干预组给予包括孕期知识培训、孕检、孕期锻炼、孕期心理指导、产程指导等为主的综合干预措施。观察和比较两组顺产率、剖宫产率、新生儿窒息率以及产后出血量。结果:观察组顺产率显著高于对照组;剖宫产率及新生儿窒息显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:孕期保健及产前心理干预可提高初孕产妇顺产率,减少剖宫产和新生儿窒息。     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的诊治进展

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠是一种罕见的异位妊娠,近年来随着剖宫产率的增加,发病率也呈逐年增长的趋势,该病发病机制迄今尚未阐明,诊断方面尚无统一标准,误诊率高,临床治疗也尚存争议。现就其诊断与治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

剖宫产产后出血相关因素分析

目的探究剖宫产产后出血的相关因素。方法选择2011-03-2014-03间在我院行剖宫产出现产后出血的54例产妇作为观察组,并选择同期在我院行剖宫产未出现产后出血的54例产妇作为对照组,综合比较两组产妇的临床资料。结果对两组产妇行相关因素单因素与多因素分析,表明胎盘因素、巨大胎儿为剖宫产产后出血相关危险因素。结论剖宫产产后出血的相关危险因素主要为胎盘因素与巨大胎儿,在临床上应控制这两种因素的发生,降低剖宫产产后出血率。     

剖宫产术腹壁横切口4种不同缝合方法的效果比较

目的：比较剖宫产术中腹壁横切口4种不同缝合法缝合皮下脂肪及皮肤层的愈合效果。方法400例行剖宫产术产妇分为4组,每组100例。A组：3-0可吸收缝线皮下脂肪层间断缝合＋5-0可吸收缝线皮内连续缝合;B组：皮下脂肪层不缝＋5-0可吸收缝线皮内连续缝合;C组：3-0可吸收缝线皮下脂肪层间断缝合＋皮肤缝合器缝合皮肤;D组：皮下脂肪层不缝＋皮肤缝合器缝合皮肤。完成随访共393例。评价指标：（1）术后切口疼痛程度：术后3d、6周采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估;（2）切口并发症：术后至6周切口感染、裂开、血肿、渗液、线结反应或硬结等情况;（3）切口缝合时间、医疗成本。（4）术后4个月产妇对手术瘢痕的舒适度和满意度的评估,美容科医生对手术瘢痕的满意度评估：最低0分,最高4分。结果（1）4组产妇术后第3天腹壁切口疼痛程度B组与D组更轻,B组明显轻于A组（P＜0.05）,其他各组两两比较均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。（2）切口并发症,D组发生率明显低于A组（P＜0.05）,主要是线结反应或硬结,其他各组两两比较无统计学差异。（3）缝合时间：各组间两两比较均有统计学差异（均P＜0.01）,其中D组时间最短, B组次之,A组最长。缝合成本B组最低,C组最高。（4）4组产妇对腹部瘢痕舒适度比较,D、B两组舒适度明显高于A、C两组,均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）;产妇对瘢痕的满意度评分B组最高,C组最低,但各组间均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）;美容科医生对4组产妇腹部疤痕的满意度评分,D组最高,B、C、A组依次降低,而且D、B两组满意度明显高于A、C两组,均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）。结论不缝合皮下脂肪层,尤其用皮肤缝合器缝合组不管从缝合的时间、产妇对切口的舒适度、美容科医生对切口满意度评估更优于皮下脂肪缝合组。     

Trombosis venosa profunda masiva en gestante: la importancia de individualizar el plan de acción

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a potentially lethal condition to be taken into account in pregnant women, where the situation is favored by the characteristic physiological changes of the pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. The management of this pathology in this type of patient is based on anticoagulation, with the benefits and drawbacks that this implies. We present the case of a pregnant woman with massive DVT and the issues are discussed, such as the method of delivery (vaginal vs. cesarean section) or the management of treatment (LMWH vs. UFH) in order to obtain the safest situation for the patient.     

Dexamethasone versus a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron as prophylactic antiemetic in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for caesarean section

Background

Intrathecal morphine for caesarean delivery provides excellent postoperative analgesia but it is commonly associated with nausea and vomiting. This prospective, randomized, double blind study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron with dexamethasone alone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following intrathecal morphine injection for caesarean section.

Methods

A total of 108 parturients aged 18–40 years for elective caesarean section were randomized into 2 groups (n=54) to receive either intravenous dexamethasone 8mg (Group A) or a combination of intravenous dexamethasone 8mg and ondansetron 4mg (group B). The study drug for each group consisted of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.2mg morphine. The primary outcome variables were postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) which were assessed for a period of 24 hours. The patient''s vital signs were monitored and documented.

Results

The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly reduced in patients who received a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron compared with dexamethasone alone (9.3% Vs 37%, respectively, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

This study showed that a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron administered prophylactically significantly reduced the incidence of PONV in pregnant women on intrathecal morphine for caesarean section.     

Impact of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPrevious outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the human coronavirus family, and since this infection shows a pandemic trend it will involve many pregnant women.AimsThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) on maternal and neonatal outcomes.SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, MedRxiv, Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 8th May 2020. Articles focusing on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 were eligible. Participants were pregnant women with COVID-19.ContentThe meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA and MOOSE reporting guidelines. Bias risk was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42042020184752). Twenty-four articles, including 1100 pregnancies, were selected. The pooled prevalence of pneumonia was 89% (95%CI 70–100), while the prevalence of women admitted to the intensive care unit was 8% (95%CI 1–20). Three stillbirths and five maternal deaths were reported. A pooled prevalence of 85% (95%CI 72–94) was observed for caesarean deliveries. There were three neonatal deaths. The prevalence of COVID-19-related admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was 2% (95%CI 0–6). Nineteen out of 444 neonates were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at birth. Elevated levels of IgM and IgG Serum antibodies were reported in one case, but negative swab.ImplicationsAlthough adverse outcomes such as ICU admission or patient death can occur, the clinical course of COVID-19 in most women is not severe, and the infection does not significantly influence the pregnancy. A high caesarean delivery rate is reported, but there is no clinical evidence supporting this mode of delivery. Indeed, in most cases the disease does not threaten the mother, and vertical transmission has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, COVID-19 should not be considered as an indication for elective caesarean section.     

早孕期剖宫产瘢痕妊娠经阴道手术15例的临床分析

目的：探讨早孕期剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）经阴道手术的临床价值。方法对2010年6月~2013年6月我院收治的15例早孕期CSP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果15例CSP患者行经阴道子宫下段瘢痕妊娠病灶清除术＋子宫瘢痕修补术,手术时间短,出血少,术后恢复良好,均成功治愈,保留子宫。结论早孕期CSP行经阴道子宫下段瘢痕妊娠病灶清除术＋子宫瘢痕修补术易于暴露病灶,缝合及止血确切,手术时间短,出血少,术后恢复快,术后病率低,体表无瘢痕,具有安全、有效、微创及经济的特点,值得基层医院推广。