低剂量化疗药物诱导的荷瘤小鼠放、化疗时细胞遗传学适应性反应

目的 探讨低剂量化疗药物预先刺激对荷瘤小鼠放、化疗时细胞遗传学的影响，方法 以正常及接种瘤细胞的昆明种小白鼠为实验模型，用低剂量环磷酰胺或低剂量丝裂霉素C（简称为D1）预先刺激，检测皮下种植S180肉瘤细胞的荷瘤小鼠放、化疗后骨髓细胞染色体畸变（CA）。结果 虽然放、化疗导致荷瘤小鼠的CA升高，但D1可以使这种升高的程度降低。结论 低剂量化疗药物可以诱导细胞遗传学适应性反应。     

Chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in chronic periodontitis: A meta-analysis

Background

Through a systematic literature review, the authors evaluated the use of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy for chronic periodontitis.

姜黄素降低Ⅲ型CP/CPPS模型鼠炎性反应因子的表达

目的研究姜黄素对Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)模型鼠炎性反应因子表达的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham)、CP/CPPS模型组(model)、姜黄素50及100 mg治疗组(cur-50 mg,cur-100 mg)和p38抑制剂组(SB203580),连续腹腔给药12 d后,real-time PCR检测前列腺组织中TNF-α、p38、COX-2的mRNA表达;免疫组化检测TNF-α,COX-2的蛋白表达;Western blot检测p38、p-p38和NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果 CP/CPPS模型组的NF-κB、p-p38、TNF-α和COX-2蛋白,TNF-α、COX-2和p38的mRNA表达较假手术组升高(P0.01);cur-100 mg组和SB203580组可显著缓解模型组的变化(P0.01);cur-100 mg组中的COX-2蛋白和mRNA均比SB203580组明显下降(P0.05);相较模型组,姜黄素2个组、SB203580组p-p38与NF-κB的表达呈正相关(P0.01)。结论姜黄素能够降低CP/CPPS模型鼠NF-κB、TNF-α和COX-2及p-p38等炎性反应因子的表达。     

Comparative dosing and efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular cancer patients with varying liver dysfunction

Background

Sorafenib is the only FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In clinical practice, dose reductions are often required, although there are limited efficacy data related to dose modifications. Given the prevalence of HCC in South Texas, we assessed the efficacy and safety of sorafenib therapy in relation to dose and Child Pugh (CP) score.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was done of advanced HCC patients, starting sorafenib at 400 mg twice daily, or at physician discretion at 400 mg daily, with the goal of titrating to twice daily. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed.

Results

Among 107 patients, median OS (mOS) was 10.2 months; median PFS (mPFS) was 5.2 months. mOS for sorafenib 400 mg/day was 6.6 vs. 800 mg/day was 12.8 months [hazard ratio (HR), 0.59; P=0.04]; mPFS was 3.5 vs. 5.9 months, respectively (HR, 0.66; P=0.07). For Child Pugh A class (CP-A) patients, mOS was 15.8 months for 400 mg/day vs. 12.8 months for 800 mg/day (HR, 1.48; P=0.35); mPFS was 9.0 vs. 5.9 months, respectively (HR, 1.23; P=0.56). For Child Pugh B class (CP-B) patients, mOS was 5.0 months for 400 mg/day vs. 11.2 months for 800 mg/day (HR, 0.33; P=0.002); mPFS was 2.1 vs. 5.6 months, respectively (HR, 0.41; P=0.006). No differences in adverse events (AEs) were observed in CP-A vs. CP-B.

Conclusions

Patients with CP-A or CP-B advanced HCC should be offered sorafenib at 400 mg twice daily with optimal management of AEs in order to improve survival.     

Effect of loading frequency on cyclic fatigue lifetime of a standard-diameter implant with an internal abutment connection

Objective

To investigate the effect of loading frequency on the fatigue lifetime of one standard-diameter titanium dental implant system.

银杏达莫注射液抗慢性胰腺炎纤维化的作用

目的:探讨外周血转化生长因子(TGF-β1)浓度及高凝状态与慢性胰腺炎(CP)纤维化的关系,同时研究银杏达莫注射液对抗慢性胰腺炎纤维化的作用。方法:将50例CP患者随机分为观察组、对照组各25例。2组均给予戒烟、低脂高蛋白饮食、避免饱食等常规治疗,观察组同时予银杏达莫注射液静脉滴注,1次/d。2组连续治疗2周,观察2组治疗前后TGF-β1、凝血及血脂、血液流变学等指标的变化情况。结果:外周血TGF-β1浓度、生化指标、凝血指标、血液流变学指标2组治疗后均明显改善(P<0.05),观察组改善更明显(P<0.05)。结论:外周血TGF-β1与CP纤维化相关,银杏达莫能够抑制外周血TGF-β1表达,同时能改善CP患者血液高凝状态,有利于改善慢性胰腺炎纤维化进展。     

Different strategies of mixed chimerism induction may determine stem/progenitor cell populations in recipient mice

Mixed chimerism has been suggested to induce tolerance to transplanted alloantigens. As the precise influence of mixed chimerism induction on the host organism has still not been fully elucidated, the aim of the present study was to explore this phenomenon in relation to the stem cell compartment.The experiment was performed on B6.SJL-Ptprc^aPep3^b mice. Mixed chimerism induction protocols involved 3 Gy TBI (Day − 1 of the experiment), injection of 20-30 × 10⁶ Balb C bone marrow cells (Day 0), and administration of blocking antibodies against CD40L (Day 0 and Day 4), anti-CD8 (Day − 2) with/without anti-NK1.1 (Day − 3). Selected groups of mice were also treated with cyclophosphamid (175 mg/kg) on Day 2. The presence of mixed chimerism was assessed in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen, as well as in various subpopulations of leukocytes (CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD45/B220⁺, Gr-1⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁻/c-kit⁺). Furthermore, the percentage of stem/progenitor cells (lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻, lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁺, lin⁻/Sca-1⁻/c-kit⁺, VSEL, HSC) was analysed for the first time in bone marrow and peripheral blood of chimeric mice.The range of mixed chimerism differed significantly among various cell populations: it was lowest in CD8-positive cells and lin⁻/Sca-1⁺/c-kit⁻ cells, and highest in granulocytes. The induction of mixed chimerism revealed a significant impact on the stem/progenitor cell frequency in recipient mice, providing potential therapeutic insights into the long-term immunologic tolerance observed in chimeric mice. Collectively, these findings contribute to further optimization of mixed chimerism induction protocols and might help in the introduction of this phenomenon into clinical practice.     

内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折(Neer 3型)的生物力学研究

目的通过生物力学研究,对比三种治疗肱骨近端骨折(Neer 3型)内固定结构的稳定性及耐久性。方法按照统一标准制作肱骨近端3部分外科颈大结节骨折模型,分别予空心钉、克氏针及三叶草钢板固定。所有标本进行循环外展实验、循环屈伸实验及压扭负载。结果加压空心钉的结构稳定性较克氏针好而次于三叶草钢板。空心钉及克氏针内固定结构稳定性与骨密度(BMD)有很大的相关性。结论加压空心钉治疗肱骨近端骨折是一种微创的内固定手术,手术时间短,能满足内固定的要求,提供术后患者进行功能锻炼的结构稳定性,是一种治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的可靠方法。     

Efficacy of marker vaccine candidate CP7_E2alf in piglets with maternally derived C-strain antibodies

Marker vaccines offer the possibility to differentiate classical swine fever (CSF) infected from CSF vaccinated animals based on serology and their implementation will ensure free trade with pigs. Therefore, new generations of promising marker vaccines have been developed, among them the chimeric vaccine CP7_E2alf. However, in populations previously vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines like the C-strain, passive immunity through maternal antibodies can interfere with efficacy of CP7_E2alf vaccination. Therefore, the efficacy of CP7_E2alf was examined in piglets from sows vaccinated once intramuscularly with C-strain vaccine 4 weeks before farrowing. Thus, these piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with CP7_E2alf at the age of 5 or 8 weeks. Subsequently, the piglets and their mock-vaccinated littermate controls were challenged 2 weeks post vaccination with highly virulent Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strain “Koslov”.     

Hepatitis B virus genotypes in the United States: results of a nationwide study

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes may be related to severity of liver disease and treatment response. The aims of this nationwide study were to determine the prevalence of HBV genotypes in the United States and the association between HBV genotypes and patient demographics, mode of infection, and clinical status. METHODS: A total of 694 consecutive chronic HBV-infected patients seen in 17 U.S. liver centers during a 1-year period were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Sera were tested for HBV genotyping, precore, and core promoter variants by line-probe assays. RESULTS: All 7 HBV genotypes (A-G) were found, with genotypes A and C the most common. The prevalence of HBV genotypes was different in different regions of the United States. A strong correlation was found between HBV genotypes and ethnicity. HBV genotype A was prevalent among white and black patients, whereas genotypes B and C were most common among Asian patients. The predominant genotype among patients born in the United States, Europe, the Far East, and Southeast Asia were A, D, C, and B, respectively. Genotypes A and C were associated with a higher prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen. Precore variant was detected in 27% of patients and core promoter variant in 44% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the epidemiology of HBV infection in the United States may have changed over time as a result of immigration from countries with a high prevalence of HBV infection. HBV genotypes may account for the heterogeneity in disease manifestations among patients with chronic HBV infection.