Impact of the supine position versus left horizontal position on colonoscopy insertion: a 2-center,randomized controlled trial

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DXA-measured visceral fat mass and lean body mass reflect abnormal metabolic phenotypes among some obese and nonobese Chinese children and adolescents

Background and aim

The exact constellation of body composition characteristics among metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and nonobese (MUNO) children and adolescents remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the major body composition determinants of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes among Chinese children and adolescents.

Bilirubin and its changes were negatively associated with diabetic kidney disease incidence and progression: A five-year's cohort study based on 5323 Chinese male diabetic patients

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline bilirubin (TBiL) and follow-up TBiL changes for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) incidence and progression based on a 5?years' cohort study.

Studies in hypertriglyceridaemia. VI: Serum lathosterol concentration is raised in hypertriglyceridaemic non-diabetic males with hyperinsulinaemia

OBJECTIVES: To assess the cholesterol synthesis rate in primary hypertriglyceridaemia using the serum unesterified lathosterol concentration as an indicator. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, case-control study. SETTING: The Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm. SUBJECTS: Randomly selected hyper- (n = 53) and normotriglyceridaemic (n = 57) males, 40-50 years, with a fasting serum triglyceride concentration (mean +/- SD) of 3.81 +/- 1.65 and 1.28 +/- 0.53 mmol L-1, respectively. The exclusion criterion was diabetes mellitus, defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To compare the fasting serum concentration distributions of lathosterol, a cholesterol precursor, in hyper- and normotriglyceridaemic groups. RESULTS: Thirty-six per cent of the hypertriglycerdaemic group had raised serum lathosterol concentrations, based on the 90th percentile of the lathosterol distribution of the normotriglyceridaemic group. In the hyper- but not in the normotriglyceridaemic group, lathosterol concentration was directly correlated with serum insulin responses to oral (r = 0.38; P = 0.007) and intravenous (r = 0.41; P = 0.005) glucose challenges. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of a randomly selected non-diabetic hypertriglyceridaemic population had an increased serum lathosterol concentration and this might indicate an increased cholesterol synthesis rate compatible with increased production of VLDL particles, possibly as the result of chronic hyperinsulinaemia.     

Body mass index,waist circumference,body fat mass,and risk of developing hypertension in normal-weight children and adolescents

Background and aims

We prospectively examined the association between three adiposity indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percentage of body fat (PBF), and risk of hypertension in normal-weight Chinese children.

Circulating IL-18 concentration is associated with insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance through increased fat-free mass

Aims/hypothesis Knowledge of the factors which simultaneously contribute to insulin-resistance-related inflammation may contribute to early therapeutic targeting. IL-18 has recently been described as one of the factors which, in addition to insulin resistance, may also contribute to atherosclerosis. However, the source of IL-18 is not well characterised.Materials and methods We aimed to study body composition (bioelectric impedance), glucose tolerance (OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (minimal model method) in relation to serum IL-18 (ELISA) concentration in 144 otherwise healthy men aged 51.9±12.5 years.Results In contrast to previous observations in women, circulating IL-18 was not significantly associated with BMI (r=0.12, p=0.1) or WHR (r=0.08, p=0.3). IL-18 was also not associated with absolute or percent fat mass (bioelectric impedance, p>0.20) but, interestingly, it was significantly linked to fat-free mass (p=0.03). Serum IL-18 increased with each quartile of fat-free mass, corresponding to values of 64.2; >64.2 to 71.6; >71.6 to 80.9; and 80.9 kg (ANOVA, p<0.0001). IL-18 was more closely associated with postload glucose during an OGTT (p=0.04) rather than with fasting glucose (p=0.1). HbA₁c (p=0.03), HDL-cholesterol (p=0.04) and serum triglycerides (p=0.03) and parameters of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, p=0.02) were also significantly associated with circulating IL-18. Insulin sensitivity (minimal model analysis) was linked to circulating IL-18 (p=0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis this relationship remained significant after controlling for BMI, age and glucose tolerance status. In another model, both fat-free mass and insulin sensitivity contributed to 10% of IL-18 variance.Conclusions/interpretation Fat mass does not seem to influence circulating IL-18, as initially proposed. In contrast, the fat-free mass compartment (a well-known confounder in the evaluation of insulin sensitivity) may significantly contribute to the relationship between IL-18 and insulin action.     

发育落后患儿遗传性代谢病血液筛查结果分析

目的总结以发育落后为主要表现、疑有遗传性代谢病患儿的血液筛查结果。方法 2010年3月~2013年10月采用串联质谱检查技术检测滤纸片中酰基肉碱和氨基酸等小分子代谢物含量,对相关疾病进行筛查。结果共筛查97例患儿,其中阳性3例(3.09%),可疑阳性55例(56.7%)。结论串联质谱检查是筛查发育落后患儿病因的一种有效措施。