A Systematic Approach for Using DICOM Structured Reports in Clinical Processes: Focus on Breast Cancer

This paper describes a methodology for redesigning the clinical processes to manage diagnosis, follow-up, and response to treatment episodes of breast cancer. This methodology includes three fundamental elements: (1) identification of similar and contrasting cases that may be of clinical relevance based upon a target study, (2) codification of reports with standard medical terminologies, and (3) linking and indexing the structured reports obtained with different techniques in a common system. The combination of these elements should lead to improvements in the clinical management of breast cancer patients. The motivation for this work is the adaptation of the clinical processes for breast cancer created by the Valencian Community health authorities to the new techniques available for data processing. To achieve this adaptation, it was necessary to design nine Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) structured report templates: six diagnosis templates and three summary templates that combine reports from clinical episodes. A prototype system is also described that links the lesion to the reports. Preliminary tests of the prototype have shown that the interoperability among the report templates allows correlating parameters from different reports. Further work is in progress to improve the methodology in order that it can be applied to clinical practice.     

Mammographic breast density and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesMammographic density is a well-defined risk factor for breast cancer and having extremely dense breast tissue is associated with a one-to six-fold increased risk of breast cancer. However, it is questioned whether this increased risk estimate is applicable to current breast density classification methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate and clarify the association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk based on current literature.MethodsMedline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles published since 2013, that used BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition and incorporated data on digital mammography. Crude and maximally confounder-adjusted data were pooled in odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity regarding breast cancer risks were investigated using I² statistic, stratified and sensitivity analyses.ResultsNine observational studies were included. Having extremely dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density D) resulted in a 2.11-fold (95% CI 1.84–2.42) increased breast cancer risk compared to having scattered dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density B). Sensitivity analysis showed that when only using data that had adjusted for age and BMI, the breast cancer risk was 1.83-fold (95% CI 1.52–2.21) increased. Both results were statistically significant and homogenous.ConclusionsMammographic breast density BI-RADS D is associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to having BI-RADS density B in general population women. This is a novel and lower risk estimate compared to previously reported and might be explained due to the use of digital mammography and BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition.     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断致密型乳腺癌患者术后对侧乳腺癌中的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在提高致密型乳腺癌患者术后对侧乳腺癌(contralateral breast cancer,CBC)检出率中的应用价值。方法:对我院乳腺癌患者行术后常规乳腺超声及钼靶检查，229名患者考虑对侧乳腺病变，根据腺体含量对其进行分型，并应用BI-RADS分级对病变进行评估。结果:超声诊断CBC的特异性、准确率与阳性预测值均明显好于钼靶检查，致密型乳腺钼靶CBC检出率明显下降，超声检查CBC检出率明显增高，BI-RADS 4A与4B分级中脂肪型及少量腺体型乳腺钼靶CBC的检出率明显高于超声检查，BI-RADS 4C与5分级中，乳腺分型对超声及钼靶筛查CBC的结果影响不大。结论:超声及钼靶的联合检查在CBC的检出中发挥重要作用，而乳腺分型与BI-RADS分类诊断对乳腺肿瘤的临床诊断效能和应用价值意义重大。     

超声造影检查在乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨超声造影检查在常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:对2016年7月至2017年10月在西安交通大学第一附属医院门诊就诊并经常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的76例患者共76个乳腺肿块进行超声造影检查,以穿刺活检或手术切除病理结果为金标准建立诊断试验分析。结果:最终病理证实良性病变53例（良性组）,恶性病变23例（恶性组）。超声造影特点如形态不规则、边界不清晰、有穿入或扭曲血管、对比剂不均匀性增强、内部有充盈缺损及造影后面积较二维增大在恶性组的比例显著高于良性组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超声造影诊断乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶良恶性鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确性分别为96%、85%和88%。结论:良恶性乳腺肿块的超声造影特征明显不同,超声造影可以有效鉴别BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的良恶性,有望提高穿刺活检的恶性检出率。     

Role of BI-RADS Ultrasound Subcategories 4A to 4C in Predicting Breast Cancer

Background

The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ultrasound (US) categorization revised in 2013 by the American College of Radiology resulted in unquestionable standardization of reports and confirmed category 3 and 5 as benign and malignant lesions, respectively. In contrast, suspected images (category 4) have subcategorization criteria, although theses have been detailed difficult to apply. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the US 4A to 4C BI-RADS subcategories in predicting malignancy.

剪切波弹性成像技术定量评估肿块周围组织硬度对乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值

目的:探讨剪切波弹性成像技术定量评估肿块周围组织硬度在乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。 方法:收集2019年7月至2022年6月,在我院经手术病理结果证实的乳腺肿瘤患者141例,共152 个肿块,良性肿块66个,恶性肿块86个,进行BI-RADS 分类并测量肿块及周围1 mm、2 mm、3 mm范围组织弹性模量值（Emax、Emean、Esd、Emin、SEmax1、SEmean1、SEsd1、SEmin1、SEmax2、SEmean2、SEsd2、SEmin2、SEmax3、SEmean3、SEsd3、SEmin3）,比较良恶性肿块及其周围组织这16组参数之间的差异。 以病理诊断为金标准,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),比较各参数的曲线下面积(AUC),获得诊断价值最大的参数。结果:乳腺良恶性肿块及其周围组织弹性模量值差异均具有统计学意义,Emax、Emean、Esd值恶性肿块高于良性,Emin恶性肿块低于良性;Emax、SEmax1、SEmax2、SEmax3,4组参数的AUC值均大于0.90,其中SEmax2的AUC值最大,为0.958,诊断截断值为>128.33 kPa,诊断的敏感性77.9%,特异性85.0%,准确率85.5%。 结论:乳腺良恶性肿块周围2 mm范围组织的SEmax2值诊断效能最高,诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率均优于二维超声,有良好的临床应用价值。     

乳腺超声弹性成像BI-RADS 4 级肿块校正及穿刺活检的诊断价值*

目的:对比分析乳腺BI-RADS 分级中4 级肿块经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正及超声引导下穿刺活检术的诊断价值。方法:收集2014年1 月至2016年6 月120 例承德医学院附属医院行乳腺肿块手术切除患者的资料,术前全部肿块BI-RADS 分级为4级,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正后行超声引导下穿刺活检术,以病理为金标准对比超声弹性成像应变率比值与穿刺活检的诊断价值。结果:120 例乳腺患者BI-RADS 4 级肿块经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正后,其中46例BI-RADS 4 级不变、59例降为BI-RADS3 级、15例升为BI-RADS5 级,与病理结果对照,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正及穿刺活检诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确率分别为90.7% 、81.8% 、85.5% 及88.8% 、98.5% 、95.0% ,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正与穿刺活检诊断乳腺恶性肿块的差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,诊断良性肿块的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论:超声引导下穿刺活检术对乳腺BI-RADS4 级肿块有较高定性诊断价值,仅次于病理诊断,超声弹性成像应变率比值对乳腺 BI-RADS4 级肿块分级校正及指导穿刺活检具有一定的临床价值。      

不同组织学类型和分子分型的乳腺黏液癌82例超声声像图特征表现

目的 分析不同组织学类型和不同分子分型的乳腺黏液癌（MBC）的超声声像图特征。方法 回顾性分析四川天府新区人民医院2013年6月至2021年6月经手术后证实为乳腺黏液癌的病人82例的临床和超声资料,根据超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）进行描述和分类,比较不同组织学类型和不同分子分型MBC的差异,并进行统计学分析。结果 单纯型乳腺黏液癌（PMBC）和混合型乳腺黏液癌（MMBC）相比较,在非平行方位、毛刺状、声影、肿块内微钙化、结构扭曲、血管供应、腋窝淋巴结异常的发生率[71.4%(5/7)比21.3%(16/75)、100.0%(4/4)比9.1%(1/11)、66.7%(2/3)比13.0%(6/46)、58.3%(14/24)比12.7%(7/55)、37.1%(13/35)比17.0%(8/47)、38.1%(16/42)比12.5%(5/40)、50.0%(9/18)比18.7(12/64)]均显著升高（P<0.05）。Luminal B型与Luminal A型相比较,在不均匀背景回声、椭圆形、血管供应、BI-RADS 3类的发生率[70.0%(14/20)比2...     

高频超声结合BI-RADS分级在乳腺良恶性病变中的应用价值

目的 探讨高频超声结合BI-RADS分级在乳腺良恶性病变诊断的应用价值。方法 选取2016年3月~2017年10月东莞市石碣镇参与“两癌”筛查乳腺体检者2874例,应用超声检查双乳情况。对2874例乳腺体检者进行随访,其中经穿刺检查或手术切除肿物组织病理检查发现,恶性肿瘤17例。以病理诊断结果为对照,评估高频超声结合BI-RADS分级在乳腺良恶性病变诊断的应用价值。结果 乳腺恶性病变的高频超声高评分的例数高于良性病变,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;乳腺恶性病变BI-RADS评分Ⅳ级例数高于良性病变,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;高频超声评分与BI-RADS分级诊断乳腺病变的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值及阴性预测值之间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两种方法联合诊断时,其灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均较单独高频超声评分诊断、单独BI-RADS分级诊断有不同程度的提高,其中两种方法联合诊断时灵敏度和阳性预测值与两种方法单独诊断比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 高频超声检查与BI-RADS评分分级在鉴别诊断乳腺肿块良恶性上具有较高的临床价值,但仍存在一定局限性,两者联合应用在一定程度上能提高乳腺良恶性病变的诊断准确率,是较为理想的检查手段。     

阅片者间应用数字乳腺断层合成X线成像诊断乳腺疾病的可靠性分析

目的：比较阅片者间应用全屏数字化乳腺 X 线成像(FFDM)和数字乳腺断层合成 X 线成像(DBT)对乳腺疾病诊断及BI-RADS 分类的差异,评价 DBT 在诊断乳腺肿瘤方面的应用价值。方法收集疑似乳腺疾病病例300例,所有病例均经手术病理证实,其中良性118例,恶性182例,所有患者术前均行 FFDM 及 DBT 检查。分别由4名不同年资医师独立阅片进行诊断,以病理为金标准,比较阅片者间对乳腺病变诊断的差异。采用χ2及受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析方法进行统计。结果高年资医师阅读 FFDM 和 DBT 的诊断正确率分别为90%和91%,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.891和0.899;低年资医师阅读 FFDM 和DBT 影像的诊断正确率分别为82%和90%,AUC 分别为0.801和0.891。118例良性病变中 DBT 相比 FFDM,高、低年资医师分类为 BI-RADS 4a 类及以下的病例分别由82例提高到96例、41例提高到98例,分类为 BI-RADS 4b-5类的病例分别由19例降至16例、30例降至16例。182例恶性病变中 DBT 相比 FFDM,分类为 BI-RADS 4a-5类的病例高、低年资医师分别由167例提高到169例、152例提高到167例;BI-RADS 4a 类及以下的病例分别由12例降至10例、24例降至15例。高、低年资医师阅读 FFDM 分类为 BI-RADS 0类的病例分别为22例和53例,而阅读 DBT 后二者分别降至7例和4例。结论不同年资医师阅读 DBT 可以提高诊断的准确性,BI-RADS 分类与病理结果的一致性亦更高,以低年资医师提高更为显著。DBT 对提高乳腺肿瘤的检出率及诊断准确性具有很大的潜能。