儿科护士疼痛管理知识培训课程设计及实施效果评价

目的 评价实施儿科护理人员疼痛知识培训课程的效果,为有效提高儿童疼痛管理质量提供依据。 方法 采用类实验设计和方便抽样法选取符合纳入标准的170例儿科护士作为研究对象,对其实施儿科护理人员疼痛知识培训。培训前后采用儿科护士疼痛知识与态度调查问卷(pediatric nurses′ knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain, PNKAS)对其进行问卷调查,比较培训前后儿科护士疼痛知识水平、态度的变化。 结果 培训前后,儿科护士疼痛管理知识总分及各维度(疼痛一般知识、疼痛评估、药物镇痛、镇痛措施及案例分析部分)得分比较,差异均具统计学意义。 结论 儿科护士既往缺乏疼痛管理教育及培训,疼痛管理知识培训可有效提高儿科护士疼痛知识水平,同时改变其疼痛管理过程存在的错误观念。     

不同民族城市公职人员精神疾病知晓率及态度

目的:调查了解新疆克拉玛依区不同民族城市公职人员对精神卫生与心理保健知识的知晓情况及对精神疾病的态度差异。方法:整群抽取新疆克拉玛依区城市公职人员2046人,采用精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷(MK)、精神疾病有关态度问卷(MA)进行调查。应用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行方差分析、独立样本t检验以及描述性统计。结果:城市公职人员对精神疾病的认识不够全面,对精神疾病仍存在一定的偏见和误解;不同民族的城市公职人员在精神卫生与心理保健知识上的得分差异具有显著统计学意义(F=23.65,P0.001);不同民族的公职人员在精神卫生态度上的得分差异显著,具有统计学意义(F=2.766,P0.01)。结论:城市公职人员对精神疾病缺乏正确认识;城市公职人员的精神卫生知晓率、对精神疾病有关态度具有民族差异。     

大学生的人工流产现状、认知与态度调查分析

目的:了解大学生的人工流产现状、认知与态度。方法:采用随机抽样,对福建924名在校大学生进行无记名问卷调查。结果:有人工流产经历的占有过性经历的10.3%,其中有7人(25.9%)不是在正规医疗场所进行人工流产。大学生对负压吸引术(17.8%)、钳刮术(38.3%)的知晓率较低,知道人工流产可能引起宫颈和宫腔粘连、盆腔感染、宫外孕等疾病的人不到一半。有250人(27.0%)对朋友的人工流产经历表示不同程度的介意,对伴侣的人流经历有表示介意多达880人(95.2%),显示出大学生在思想上比较介意人流经历,并且对不同对象双重标准的矛盾心理。男生对人工流产的认知度和宽容度均低于女生,有性经历者对人工流产的认知度低于无性经历者,而宽容度却高于无性经历者。大学生渴望通过学校生殖健康课和社区教育得到相关知识。结论:大学生在人工流产方面的认知有较大欠缺,需要学校、社区、家庭进行系统科学的教育以降低大学生人工流产发生率。     

Parental vaccine hesitancy in Italy – Results from a national survey

In Italy, in 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to estimate vaccine hesitancy and investigate its determinants among parents of children aged 16–36 months.Data on parental attitudes and beliefs about vaccinations were collected through a questionnaire administered online or self-administered at pediatricians’ offices and nurseries. Parents were classified as pro-vaccine, vaccine-hesitant or anti-vaccine, according to self-reported tetanus and measles vaccination status of their child. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with hesitancy.A total of 3130 questionnaires were analysed: 83.7% of parents were pro-vaccine, 15.6% vaccine-hesitant and 0.7% anti-vaccine. Safety concerns are the main reported reason for refusing (38.1%) or interrupting (42.4%) vaccination. Anti-vaccine and hesitant parents are significantly more afraid than pro-vaccine parents of short-term (85.7 and 79.7% vs 60.4%) and long-term (95.2 and 72.3% vs 43.7%) vaccine adverse reactions. Most pro-vaccine and hesitant parents agree about the benefits of vaccinations. Family pediatricians are considered a reliable source of information by most pro-vaccine and hesitant parents (96.9 and 83.3% respectively), against 45% of anti-vaccine parents. The main factors associated with hesitancy were found to be: not having received from a paediatrician a recommendation to fully vaccinate their child [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.21, 95% CI: 2.14–4.79], having received discordant opinions on vaccinations (AOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11–2.43), having met parents of children who experienced serious adverse reactions (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03–2.15), and mainly using non-traditional medical treatments (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.31–3.19).Vaccine safety is perceived as a concern by all parents, although more so by hesitant and anti-vaccine parents. Similarly to pro-vaccine parents, hesitant parents consider vaccination an important prevention tool and trust their family pediatricians, suggesting that they could benefit from appropriate communication interventions. Training health professionals and providing homogenous information about vaccinations, in line with national recommendations, are crucial for responding to their concerns.     

Attitudes of undergraduate nursing students toward Objective Structure Practical Examination: An Exploratory study

BackgroundObjective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is a method of assessment of clinical competence. The examination is conducted at multiple stations. Besides practical and problem-solving skills, theoretical knowledge is also tested. OSPE can be traced back more than 40 years. OSPE has been included more than two decades, as a part of assessment in the College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi.ObjectivesThis study was carried out to determine nursing students' attitudes towards OSPE as an assessment tool.ParticipantsThe responses of all the 252 Undergraduate nursing students studying at the College of Nursing, AIIMS were obtained for this study (77 from B.Sc.(H) Nursing first year, 61 from the second year, 69 from the third year and 45 from the fourth year).MethodsThe students attitudes towards OSPE were assessed by using a validated questionnaire containing 28 item statements on Likert's 5-point scale (LS) and 11 bipolar adjectives on Osgood's 7-point Semantic' Differential Scale (OSDS).ResultMost of the students approved of OSPE and felt that it was fair, useful, good, effective, exciting, interesting, practical, skill oriented but also taxing. The study also revealed that amongst the second years' students there was a strong correlation between Overall Rank in the Class and Assessment of OSPE.ConclusionThe study supports the introduction of OSPE as one of the methods of assessment of B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing students.     

Thalassemia and Premarital Screening: Potential for Implementation of a Screening Program Among Young People in Pakistan

Pakistan has a high prevalence of β-thalassemia (β-thal) but lacks a screening program for its prevention. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in six randomly chosen non medical universities to assess the students’ knowledge of β-thal and premarital screening, and their attitude towards such a program. Comparison was made between the respondents’ attitude towards premarital screening before and after providing them some information regarding the disease. Only 54.5% (207) of 380 students had heard of β-thal, with a mean knowledge score of 13.0 ± 4.4 out of 27 questions. Most respondents were aware of the concept of premarital screening. Out of 207 students, 60.4% wanted to know if they were carriers, 69.1% wanted to know their spouse’s carrier status and 59.4% wanted premarital screening to be made mandatory in Pakistan. These figures increased to 72.5, 78.3 and 67.6%, respectively after provision of written information (p values: 0.03, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively). The positive attitude towards premarital screening with low background knowledge of the disease highlights the need of a mass awareness campaign and subsequent implementation of a premarital screening program.     

Caring for Dying Patients: Attitude of Nursing Students and Effects of Education

Background:

Education about caring for dying patients could be effective in changing nursing students’ attitude toward caring for dying patients.

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to examine the nursing students’ attitude toward caring for dying patients and effects of education on their attitude.

Materials and Methods:

The present study enjoys a quasi-experimental method with using one-group pre-test/post-test design conducted in Bam in southeast of Iran. The attitude of nursing students was measured using Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scale before and after an educational intervention. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18 software.

Results:

Of 32 students, 30 participated in this study (response rate of 94%). Only 20% of the students reported previous experience of dying patients in their clinical courses. Students showed moderately negative to neutral attitudes toward caring for dying patients. Education has improved students’ attitude significantly (mean score of FATCOD before study were 3.5 ± 0.43 and after intervention were 4.7 ± 0.33) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Educational programs about death and caring for dying patients should be added to undergraduate nursing curricula. Further research recommended examining nursing students’ knowledge about caring for dying patients and the effect of education on their knowledge.     

Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine among parents of junior middle school students in Jinan,China

ObjectiveTo determine the level of awareness on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and acceptance of HPV vaccination among parents of junior middle school students.MethodsA cross sectional survey employing cluster sampling was conducted in Jinan, Shandong Province of China in January of 2013.ResultsA total of 400 parents of junior middle school students participated in the questionnaire survey, among whom 360 (90%) completed valid questionnaires. About 88 (22.63%) parents had ever heard of HPV. Only one in ten (10.2%) knew about HPV vaccine. Parents willing to accept HPV vaccination for children accounted for 40.8%. Factors associated willing to accept HPV vaccination for children among parents were: female parent (AOR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.21–0.67), having ever heard of HPV vaccine (AOR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.01–5.61), thinking HPV vaccination should commence before sexual debut(AOR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.21–3.85), thinking HPV vaccination should commence before 12 years old (AOR: 2.76, 95%CI: 1.02–7.46) or 13–15 years old (AOR: 4.75, 95%CI: 1.79–12.61), concern about suffering from cervical cancer and/or genital warts (AOR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.31–4.50). About 60% of parents were in favor of future HPV vaccination promoting in China believing that HPV vaccine could efficiently prevent cervical cancer, anal cancer or genital warts, 37.4% of parents with expectation of governmental subsidy and price regulation.ConclusionParental awareness level of HPV vaccine and willingness to accept HPV vaccination for children was low. However, the general attitude of many participants toward future promoting of HPV vaccination in China was encouraging, particularly if certain expectations were met.     

校外青少年艾滋病相关知识态度及危险行为调查

目的 了解校外青少年艾滋病防治相关的知识、态度、行为,为在校外青少年中开展艾滋病教育提供理论依据.方法 采用非概率方便抽样的方法,运用自编结构式问卷调查547名校外青少年,所得资料采用Epi Data3.1录入,SPSS 11.5统计分析.结果 82.4%的校外青少年知道艾滋病是性病.仅有22.O%的人了解国家规定的8种性病;仅有11.5%的调查对象能完全答对UNGASS指标中的5项指标;仅有32.6%的校外青少年知道蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病病毒(HIV),有将近50%的人认为与感染者共餐会感染HIV;有8.9%的校外青少年回应"曾发生过性行为".结论 校外青少年性病/艾滋病防治知识严重不足,危险行为较高,在控制艾滋病工作中应特别关注校外青少年人群.