Articulation after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

We performed perceptual and acoustic studies to demonstrate articulation after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in Japanese patients at 28.6 days (mean) after surgery (range 21–50 days). The results of listening tests showed that there were no significant changes between pre- and postoperative articulation scores for any of 25 monosyllables tested, and there were no significant changes in the timbres of 5 Japanese vowels after UPPP. In the acoustic study of the first and second formant frequencies of the vowels, some formant frequencies had significant changes after UPPP. However, these changes in formants fell within the range of intraindividual variation. In the acoustic study of /ka/ with a palatal plosive /k/, there was no significant change in the voice onset time or F2 transition after UPPP.     

High risk of reading disability and speech sound disorder in rolandic epilepsy families: case-control study

PURPOSE: Associations between rolandic epilepsy (RE) with reading disability (RD) and speech sound disorder (SSD) have not been tested in a controlled study. We conducted a case-control study to determine whether (1) RD and SSD odds are higher in RE probands than controls and (2) an RE proband predicts a family member with RD or SSD, hence suggesting a shared genetic etiology for RE, RD, and SSD. METHODS: Unmatched case-control study with 55 stringently defined RE cases, 150 controls in the same age range lacking a primary brain disorder diagnosis, and their siblings and parents. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by multiple logistic regression, adjusted for sex and age, and for relatives, also adjusted for comorbidity of RD and SSD in the proband. RESULTS: RD was strongly associated with RE after adjustment for sex and age: OR 5.78 (95% CI: 2.86-11.69). An RE proband predicts RD in family members: OR 2.84 (95% CI: 1.38-5.84), but not independently of the RE proband's RD status: OR 1.30 (95% CI: 0.55-12.79). SSD was also comorbid with RE: adjusted OR 2.47 (95%CI: 1.22-4.97). An RE proband predicts SSD in relatives, even after controlling for sex, age and proband SSD comorbidity: OR 4.44 (95% CI: 1.93-10.22). CONCLUSIONS: RE is strongly comorbid with RD and SSD. Both RD and SSD are likely to be genetically influenced and may contribute to the complex genetic etiology of the RE syndrome. Siblings of RE patients are at high risk of RD and SSD and both RE patients and their younger siblings should be screened early.     

Traumatismes de l'épaule chez les joueurs français de rugby de haut niveau

Aim of the study

Specify the frequency and the type of injuries of the shoulder arising during the practice of professional rugby in France. Outcomes were studied according to the treatments performed.

Materials and methods

It is a matter of a retrospective study on 154 players of high level. Any shoulder injury endured during the practice of rugby was registered. The age of the player, his experience, his position on the field, the type of injury, the game phase, the treatment and eventual residual disability were specified.

Results

Ninety-eight players (64%) reported at least one injury of the shoulder. Thirty (19%) reported at least two injuries on the same shoulder. The acromio-clavicular joint injuries were the most frequent (49%). The treatment was medical in most of the cases. A rest of 17 days in average was noted. All the players came back to their better level. Instability of the gleno-humeral joint was retrieved by 15% of the players. A secondary treatment by surgical stabilization was noted in more than half of the cases. The rest was in average of one week after the injury. It was in average of 4 months after surgery. A significant persistent discomfort was retrieved by 43% of the non operated cases and by 27% of the operated cases.Different other injuries were noted: 17 clavicular fractures, 6 sterno-clavicular sprains, 5 rotator cuff injuries and 4 muscular contusions.

Discussion

Injuries of the shoulder are frequent among high level rugby players and represent an important source of morbidity. Injuries of the acromio-clavicular joint are the most frequent. The medical treatment allows a quick return to sport without level loss in mostly cases. Gleno-humeral instability represents the second traumatism in terms of frequency. A secondary treatment by surgical stabilization is preferable.     

病损关节软骨的磁共振成像与软骨内蛋白多糖和Ⅱ型胶原纤维变化的关系研究

目的探讨MR对关节软骨各期病变的敏感成像序列以及软骨蛋白多糖（proteoglycan,PG）和Ⅱ型胶原纤维（collagen fibers,CF）改变与MR信号变化的关系。方法通过1例新鲜截肢患者和4例正常猪膝关节的T2WI、PDWI、GE、STIR、3D FS-FSPGR等序列的成像研究,选定最佳的序列用于6例猪骨性关节炎（Osteoarthritis,OA）模型膝关节扫描,以MR图像为标准切取标本染色,图像与染色图片对照以判断PG和CF改变与MR信号变化的关系。结果5种序列的组织分辨力、病变检出率以3DFS-FSPGR序列最高分别达67．9％和93．7％;PG和CF主要分布在关节软骨的深层组织。以MR图像为标准切取的各级软骨标本之间染色浓度,PG逐渐减少,CF早中期增加,晚期又出现下降。结论在5种序列中,3DFS-FSPGR是理想的关节软骨成像序列;由于软骨内的PG含量下降和CF的先升后降共同导致了MR信号在不同病变期的改变。     

Coverage of dorsal distal skin defects of the digits. Techniques and indications

Distal dorsal skin defects of the digits could be considered as a surgical entity. The coverage of this area is challenging according to the following points: the proximity of the distal interphalangeal joint, the thinness of the extensor apparatus and the vicinity of the nail. Among the numerous flaps described, the homodigital turnover pedicled flaps appear the most effective option rather than cross-finger flaps.     

Study of the arterial vascularisation of the medial tibial condyle in the fetus

Summary Varus deformity of the knee is common in young children who have suffered from fulminating purpura. This study was directed at the anatomic features of the vascularisation of the upper end of the tibia that might account for such deformation. It was based on the dissection of 28 anatomic specimens prepared by injection of Indian ink into the vascular trunk. 16 specimens were diaphanised for better analysis of the intracartilaginous distribution of the vessels. The study showed that the vascularisation of the medial condyle of the tibia is poor and of terminal nature, which may explain the occurrence of ischemic growth disorders following fulminating purpura.

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Etude de la vascularisation artérielle du condyle médial du tibia chez le foetus

Résumé Les déformations en varus du genou chez les jeunes enfants ayant présenté un purpura fulminans sont fréquentes. Ce travail a pour objet de rechercher les caractéristiques anatomiques de la vascularisation de l'extrémité supérieure du tibia qui peuvent expliquer ces déformations. L'étude porte sur la dissection de 28 pièces anatomiques préparées par injection de l'axe vasculaire à l'encre de Chine. Pour mieux analyser la répartition intra-cartilagineuse des vaisseaux, 16 pièces ont été diaphanisées. Cette étude montre que la vascularisation du condyle médial du tibia est pauvre, de type terminal, ce qui peut expliquer la survenue de troubles de croissance ischémiques dans les suites d'un purpura fulminans.

     

Non-word repetition in 2-year-olds: Replication of an adapted paradigm and a useful methodological extension

Accurate non-word repetition (NWR) has been largely attributed to phonological memory, although the task involves other processes including speech production, which may confound results in toddlers with developing speech production abilities. This study is based on Hoff, Core and Bridges’ adapted NWR task, which includes a real-word repetition (RWR) condition. We tested 86 typically developing 2-year-olds and found relationships between NWR and both receptive and expressive vocabulary using a novel measure that controls for speech production by comparing contextually matched targets in RWR. Post hoc analyses demonstrated the influence of lexical and sublexical factors in repetition tasks. Overall, results illustrate the importance of controlling for speech production differences in young children and support a useful methodological approach for testing NWR.     

Athletic injury to the first metatarsal phalangeal joint

Résumé: La survenue et la fréquence des lésions de l’articulation métatarsophalangienne du gros orteil augmentèrent avec l’introduction du revêtement artificiel sur les terrains de football américains. Les lésions en cause, dénommées ≪ turf toe ≫ par Bowers et Martin en 1976 consistent en un étirement du complexe capsulo–ligamentaire de l’articulation métatarsophalangienne du gros orteil.Les lésions peuvent être une fracture d’un sésamoïde, la migration ou un diastasis d’un sésamoïde bipartite, une avulsion de la capsule avec éventuellement présence de corps étrangers intra–articulaires, signant une fracture de la tête métatarsienne.Clanton a proposé une classification des lésions qui est utilisée dans les indications thérapeutiques.Le traitement est le plus souvent conservateur, la chirurgie peut intervenir en cas d’échec : cheilectomie-synovectomie, réparation de la capsule plantaire, excision sésamoïdienne.L’apparition d’une telle lésion chez un sportif de haut niveau peut avoir des conséquences graves sur la poursuite du sport.     

Motor skills, haptic perception and social abilities in children with mild speech disorders

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate motor skills, haptic object recognition and social interaction in 5-year-old children with mild specific expressive language impairment (expressive-SLI) and articulation disorder (AD) in comparison of age- and gender matched healthy children. Methods: Twenty nine children (23 boys and 6 girls) with expressive-SLI, 27 children (20 boys and 7 girls) with AD and 30 children (23 boys and 7 girls) with typically developing language as controls participated in our study. The children were examined for manual dexterity, ball skills, static and dynamic balance by M-ABC test, haptic object recognition and for social interaction by questionnaire completed by teachers. Results: Children with mild expressive-SLI demonstrated significantly poorer results in all subtests of motor skills (p < 0.05), in haptic object recognition and social interaction (p < 0.01) compared to controls. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in measured parameters between children with AD and controls. Children with expressive-SLI performed considerably poorer compared to AD group in balance subtest (p < 0.05), and in overall M-ABC test (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In children with mild expressive-SLI the functional motor performance, haptic perception and social interaction are considerably more affected than in children with AD. Although motor difficulties in speech production are prevalent in AD, it is localised and does not involve children’s general motor skills, haptic perception or social interaction.