雄激素对家兔动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的：探讨雄激素在兔动脉硬化模型中是否 具有抗动脉硬化的作用。方法： 37只哈尔滨大耳白兔，饲以高脂饮食， 作如下分组：去势组：切除双侧睾丸；睾酮Ⅰ组：切除双侧睾丸并给予外源性雄激素0.25 mg·kg-1·d-1；睾酮Ⅱ组：切除双侧睾丸并给予外源性雄激素2.5 mg· kg -1·d-1；睾酮Ⅲ组：切除双侧睾丸并给予外源性雄激素12.5 mg·kg-1 ·d-1；假手术组。3个月后检测血中睾酮含量、血脂(包括TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)浓度、 PAI活性、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量。结果：去势组血清睾酮含量明显低于其它组； TG、LDL-C同其它组相比无显著差异，而HDL-C明 显降低； NO2-/NO3-含量低于其它组，而PAI活性、ET、AngⅡ却高于其它组。结论： 在高脂饮食诱发的兔动脉硬化模型中，雄激素可以发挥一定抗动脉硬化 的作用。     

动脉粥样硬化并发血栓形成家兔模型的研究

目的： 建立AS并发血栓形成的动物模型，为开展急性冠脉综合症（ACS）发病机制的研究奠定一定的实验基础。 方法： 实验组20只雄性新西兰兔，高胆固醇喂养18周，建立AS性兔模型；另取5只雄性新西兰兔用普通颗粒饲料喂养作为对组照。18周末采用血管紧张素Ⅱ 30 μg/kg静脉注射诱导，24 h后重复静脉注射1次。观察两组血脂、动脉壁斑块、血栓形态和AS血栓形成模型成功率。 结果： 实验组第9、18周血清TC、LDL-C水平明显高于对照组；实验组AS模型成功率为100%，而并发血栓的形成率为60％，可见血栓形成处血管内膜被掀起及内膜的连续性中断，伴有相应节段中膜的断裂、坏死和组织脱落，血栓与斑块相邻，而对照组未见血栓形成。 结论： 血管紧张素Ⅱ可导致血流动力学异常和血管壁结构的破坏，能成功诱导AS并发血栓形成模型，为ACS发生、发展和干预提供一个方便可行的研究方法。     

血凝素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1与动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1 } is a type-Ⅱ membrane protein belonging to the C-type lectin family molecules, which acts as a cell surface endocytosis receptor for atherogenic oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL）. LOX-1 supports the binding internalization and proteolytic degradation of oxidized LDL, but not of significant amounts of acetylated LDL. LOX-1 is initially synthesized as a 40 kD precursor protein with N-linked high mannose-type carbohydrate, which is further glycosylated and processed into a 48-kD mature form. In vivo, endothelial cells that cover early therosclerotic lesions, intimal macrophages and smooth muscle cells in advanced atherosclerotic plaques express LOX-1. LOX-1 is cleaved at membrane proximal extracellular domain and released from the cell surface. Measurement of soluble LOX-1 in vivo may provide novel diagnostic strategy for the evaluation and prediction of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases.     

Non-invasive evaluation of abdominal aortic properties: lumped circuit model and estimation of its parameters

To non-invasively determine abdominal aortic properties, a five-element lumped circuit model was adopted. The model consists of resistance due to blood viscosity (R1), inertia of blood flow, compliances of the vessel (C1, C2), resistance of the peripheral arteries (R2) and the impedance of the femoral arteries (termination). Patterns of the central velocity of the upper abdominal aorta and the femoral artery are measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, and confours of flow volume rates are calculated. The pressure pattern of the lower limb is recorded by a pulse wave rransducer and corrected according to sphygmomanometer values. Contours are transformed into respective Fourier transform components. The current transfer function is described theoretically and calculated from the acquired Fourier components. Values of every element are evaluated by the nonlinear least squares method. In 94 subjects (17–92 years), the values of each element are estimated. R2 values are greater in the elderly group, than in the young group and r₁ (R1/cm) increased with age. This model demonstrates that vessel compliance (c₁+c₂ (C1+C2/cm)) decreases with age, and it is suggested that this may be a useful marker of arteriosclerosis.     

Morphological detection and quantification of lipoprotein(a) deposition in atheromatous lesions of human aorta and coronary arteries

Summary Lipoprotein(a), as an atherogenic particle, represents an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. In the present study the morphological distribution of apoprotein (a) and apoprotein B within the arterial wall is described. Apoprotein B, a constituent of very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) has previously been demonstrated in atheromatous lesions. Lipoprotein(a) possesses an additional protein, designated apoprotein (a). Autopsy material (n=74) from the left coronary artery and from the thoracic aorta has been examined by means of immunohistochemistry and both apoprotein (a) and apoprotein B were detected, primarily associated with the extracellular matrix and accumulating in lesions in the arterial wall. The staining pattern for both antigens was almost always found to be congruent, suggesting that the detection of (a)-antigen has to be attributed at least in part to the presence of lipoprotein(a). It is concluded that both low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) have an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.     

PPARγ在不同周龄apoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块表达及与斑块成份的相互关系

目的:研究PPARγ基因表达与ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块成份的相互关系。方法:以20和40周龄ApoE-/-小鼠(n=10/组)为研究对象,相同基因背景和周龄C57BL/6 J小鼠设为对照。采用RT-PCR和免疫印迹技术检测各组小鼠主动脉PPARγ基因和蛋白表达变化;Movat 5色套染法和油红O染色检测ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块成份;免疫组织化学技术检测斑块内PPARγ、SM-actin、MOMA-2抗原表达。结合免疫荧光技术分析PPARγ基因在主动脉斑块巨噬细胞、平滑肌细胞的表达及与脂质、弹性纤维、胶原和蛋白聚糖的相互关系。结果:20和40周龄C57BL/6 J小鼠主动脉壁有少量PPARγ表达,以20周龄组明显。ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉壁和斑块内PPARγ表达增多,以斑块内表达明显(P<0.05);与20周龄组比较,40周龄组表达最显著;且斑块脂质含量丰富;弹性纤维、胶原和蛋白聚糖含量减少,血管正性重塑明显;MOMA-2表达增加,SM-actin表达降低(P<0.05)。PPARγ在斑块内巨噬细胞、血管中膜平滑肌细胞和斑块内平滑肌细胞都有表达,但以脂质含量丰富处PPARγ表达最明显。结论:PPARγ在C57BL/6 J小鼠动脉壁表达随增龄而减少;在ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉壁和斑块内PPARγ表达随AS病变进程而增加。推测ApoE-/-小鼠主动脉斑块PPARγ表达上调可能是机体一种代偿行为和自我保护机制。     

脂质过氧化对培养的人内皮细胞血管细胞粘附分子-1表达的影响

目的:观察脂质过氧化对培养的人内皮细胞血管细胞粘附分子-1表达的影响。方法:培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组与不同浓度联胺(1μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μmol/L)作用8h, 对照组不加联胺。细胞原位杂交和细胞酶联免疫吸附法分别测定内皮细胞血管细胞粘附分子-1mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:细胞原位杂交结果图像分析表明, 实验组平均吸光度值分别为0.147±0.013、0.292±0.020和0.396±0.022, 是对照组(0.077±0.011)的1.91倍、3.79倍和5.14倍。方差分析表明, 各组间两两比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。细胞酶联免疫吸附测定结果, 实验组平均吸光度值分别是0.158±0.008、0.220±0.017和0.321±0.023, 为对照组(0.104±0.016)的1.53倍、2.12倍和3.09倍。各组间两两比较有显著差异(P＜0.01)。结论:人脐静脉内皮细胞脂质过氧化增加血管细胞粘附分子-1mRNA和蛋白表达, 这可能促进单核细胞粘附血管内皮, 在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中起重要作用。     

终末糖基化产物对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞粘附分子表达的影响

目的：探讨终末糖基化产物在糖尿病动脉粥样硬化（AS）形成中的作用机理。 方法： 分离正常人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs），将终末糖基化终产物（AGE）修饰的人血清白蛋白（AGE-HSA）、人血清白蛋白（HSA）与HUVECs在体外共同培养，并用荧光单克隆抗体染色，流式细胞仪定量检测细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）的表达。 结果： 正常人HUVEC表达ICAM-1和VCAM-1。AGE-HSA能以时间和剂量依赖的方式上调ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达（P<0.05），而HSA对HUVECs上述粘附分子的表达均无影响。 结论： AGE能上调HUVECs粘附分子的表达，从而促进AS时单核/巨噬细胞的浸润。     

Broncho-bronchiolitis obliterans as a complication of bone marrow transplantation: a clinicopathological study of eight autopsy cases

 We identified eight patients with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in the autopsies of 81 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Rapidly progressive dyspnoea and cough were the main presenting symptoms in all eight patients, associated with overinflation and/or infiltrative opacity seen on chest X-ray and obstructive disorder revealed by pulmonary function tests. Early lesions were characterized by epithelial loss and an inflammatory infiltrate containing foamy histiocytes with mild luminal narrowing. Partial or total occlusion of the bronchiolar lumina by fibrous connective tissue was the feature of late lesions. Both changes were coexistent in all cases. In one case, small bronchi with cartilage were also affected by the obstructive process, showing bronchitis obliterans. All eight patients showed non-obstructive broncho-bronchiolitis characterized by denuding of respiratory epithelium, mural oedema and an inflammatory infiltrate in addition to BO, and these changes were also seen in 18 patients without BO. The submucosal glands of large bronchi and the trachea showed mucous retention and a mild inflammatory infiltrate in four of the eight patients. Coexistent infectious processes were seen in all cases, cytomegalovirus and Aspergillus being the most frequent organisms. BO probably develops as an immunopathological event related to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during the impaired immune status phase of the post-BMT period, possibly initiated by infection. Bronchial gland involvement in chronic GVHD is one of the factors responsible for this abnormal immune status. Received: 14 January 1997 / Accepted: 5 March 1997     

高脂高胆固醇饮食对apoE-/-/LDLR-/-/Leprdb/db小鼠肝组织基因表达差异的影响

目的：研究高脂高胆固醇饮食对三基因突变(apoE-/-/LDLR-/-/Leprdb/db)小鼠肝脏基因表达的影响, 分析这些差异表达基因与血脂代谢紊乱和动脉粥样硬化（AS）的关系。 方法： 利用cDNA表达谱芯片检测普通饮食和高脂高胆固醇饮食喂养的三基因突变小鼠肝脏基因表达差异;分别用COD-PAP,GPO-PAP法测定血浆总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）浓度;并观察了主动脉形态变化。 结果： 在被测的4 000条基因中，高脂高胆固醇饮食组较普通饮食组小鼠上调基因为78条，下调114条，包括脂代谢、糖代谢、细胞骨架蛋白和免疫与炎症等相关基因。高脂高胆固醇饮食组血浆TC和TG水平均高出普通饮食组。5周龄时，两组小鼠均有主动脉内膜损伤，而高脂高胆固醇饮食组重于普通饮食组，并随年龄增长而加重。 结论： 高脂高胆固醇饮食对三基因突变小鼠血脂代谢紊乱乃至AS的发生发展有明显促进作用。