C反应蛋白和尿蛋白排泄率对急性心肌梗死远期死亡率的预测

目的探讨尿蛋白排泄率对急性心肌梗死(AMI)远期预后的预测价值是否优于C反应蛋白(CRP)。方法连续入选2001年1月至2005年12月确诊AMI并收住我院心脏重症监护室的患者。于入院第1、3、7天检测CRP和24 h尿蛋白排出量,并计算尿蛋白/肌酐比率(ACR)。随访时间为5年。结果共入选209例患者,年龄47～83岁,平均(68.3±15.6)岁,女性62例(29.7%),合并心力衰竭81例(38.8%)。校正年龄、高血压、糖尿病、入院延迟时间、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、心力衰竭及肌酐清除率后,CRP和ACR均与5年全因死亡率风险增加独立相关。但CRP与远期死亡率不相关[HR 95%CI:1.1(0.7～1.8),P=0.65],而ACR与近期和远期死亡率均独立相关[OR 95%CI:3.9(2.0～9.0),P<0.0001;1.4(1.1～1.8),P=0.01]。结论 ACR对AMI远期死亡率的预测价值优于CRP。     

评估应用术前PLR、NLR及AGR预测乳腺癌患者预后的价值

目的探究术前血小板淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值（NLR）及白蛋白球蛋白比值（AGR）在评估乳腺癌患者预后中的价值。 方法选取2013年1月至2017年12月收治的1184例浸润性乳腺癌女性患者为浸润性乳腺癌组,随机选取仅患乳腺纤维腺瘤的患者279例为乳腺纤维腺瘤组。收集患者一般资料、术后病理资料、血型、术前外周血血小板、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞数量以及血清白蛋白和球蛋白水平,并计算得出PLR、NLR及AGR。应用受试者功能特征曲线下面积来评估三者预测乳腺癌患者预后的能力。本研究使用SPSS 20.0及MedCalc软件进行统计学分析和绘图,P<0.05代表差异具有统计学意义。 结果浸润性乳腺癌患者的术前PLR及NLR均值显著高于乳腺纤维腺瘤患者（P<0.05）,而AGR低于乳腺纤维腺瘤患者（P<0.05）。Cox比例回归风险分析显示,患者的诊断年龄、PLR、NLR、AGR、肿瘤直径、组织学分级、阳性淋巴结个数和分子分型均为乳腺癌的预后危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果得出,PLR、NLR及AGR的最佳诊断临界值分别为147.4、2.9及1.7。应用术前PLR（AUC=0.796,P<0.001）、NLR（AUC=0.716,P<0.001）及AGR（AUC=0.748,P<0.001）预测乳腺癌患者预后均有价值,且PLR价值更高。 结论术前PLR、NLR及AGR对乳腺癌患者预后的判断均具价值,三者相比,PLR价值更高,有望成为判断乳腺癌患者预后的补充指标。     

术前营养状况对脊柱手术术后并发症的影响

脊柱手术作为治疗脊柱病变的主要手段,其术后并发症的发生率逐步升高。如何防治脊柱手术术后并发症受到更多临床医师的重视。研究表明术前营养不良与许多术后并发症如手术部位伤口感染、出血、血栓形成、肺炎等的发生有关,且患者的术前个体营养状态是脊柱手术术后并发症的独立危险因素。本文主要就患者术前营养状态与脊柱手术术后并发症的关系作一综述。     

Non-oncotic properties of albumin. A multidisciplinary vision about the implications for critically ill patients

Introduction: Effective resuscitation with human albumin solutions is achieved with less fluid than with crystalloid solutions. However, the role of albumin in today’s critical care unit is also linked to its multiple pharmacological effects.

Areas covered: The potential clinical benefits of albumin in select populations of critically ill patients like sepsis seem related to immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, antibiotic transportation and endothelial stabilization. Albumin transports many drugs used in critically ill patients. Such binding to albumin is frequently lessened in critically ill patients with hypoalbuminemia. These changes could result in sub-optimal treatment. Albumin has immunomodulatory capacity by binding several bacterial products. Albumin also influences vascular integrity, contributing to the maintenance of the normal capillary permeability. Moreover, the albumin molecule encompasses several antioxidant properties, thereby significantly reducing re-oxygenation injury, which is especially important in sepsis. In fact, most studies of albumin administration are a combination of a degree of resuscitation with a degree of maintenance or supplementation of albumin.

Expert commentary: The potential clinical benefits of the use of albumin in selected critically ill patients such as sepsis seem related to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties, antibiotic transportation and endothelial stabilization. Additional studies are warranted to further elucidate the underlying physiologic and molecular rationale.     

BCG试剂配方对生化分析仪测定血清白蛋白线性的影响

目的：探讨BCG试剂配方对生化分析仪测定血清白蛋白线性的影响。方法：用不同BCG和Brij-35浓度的七种BCG试剂在生化分析仪上测定白蛋白浓度20.0-60.0g/L五份血清结束，按NCCLS制定的线性评价方案评价线性。结果：Brij-35:BCG为11.4:1,BCG从0.056g/L增加到0.158g/L，直线回归方程斜率由0．765提高到0．992，截距由8．06下降到0．22，线性由不可接受（F＞F0．01）成为良好（F＜F0．05），增加Brij-35:BCG比值，使斜率下降，截距增高，F值增大。结论：在生化分析仪上试剂与标本量为100：1测定，建议应用BCG浓度为0．158g/L,Brij-35为1.8g/LBCG试剂。     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过对全身炎症反应综合征患者白蛋白代谢率的影响

目的 探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）对全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）患者Alb代谢率的影响.方法 回顾性分析2010年12月至2011年12月南京军区南京总医院收治的28例SIRS患者的临床资料.其中8例患者仅常规抗感染、对症治疗（对照组）;10例患者行血液滤过治疗,血液滤过置换量为2 000 mL/h（低容量组）;10例患者行血液滤过治疗,血液滤过置换量为4 000 mL/h（高容量组）.采用稳定性同位素示踪技术,向患者同时静脉输注两种稳定性同位素标记的苯丙氨酸：[1-13C]苯丙氨酸和d5-苯丙氨酸.采用气相色谱质谱联用仪的选择离子检测模式检测质荷比为192、194、197、218和219片段的峰面积.采用数学模型计算Alb合成率（FSR）和分解率（FBR）.多组比较采用单因素方差分析,组间比较采用LSD或Dunnett＇s T3检验.结果 对照组、低容量组和高容量组患者治疗前Alb FSR分别为5.8％±0.9％、5.7％±1.1％、5.7％±1.0％,3组比较,差异无统计学意义（F=0.04,P＞0.05）;治疗后Alb FSR分别为5.9％±0.8％、7.3％±0.9％、7.8％±1.1％,3组比较,差异有统计学意义（F=9.15,P＜0.05）.治疗后低容量组和高容量组患者Alb FSR均显著高于对照组患者（=3.40,3.96,P＜0.05）;低容量组和高容量组患者Alb FSR比较,差异无统计学意义（t=1.02,P＞0.05）.对照组、低容量组和高容量组患者治疗前Alb FBR分别为7.0％±1.2％、6.5％±0.9％、7.2％±1.2％,3组比较,差异无统计学意义（F =0.88,P＞0.05）;治疗后3组患者Alb FBR分别为6.9％±1.1％、6.2％±0.9％、7.4％±1.0％,3组比较,差异无统计学意义（F=2.82,P＞0.05）.结论 CVVH可调节SIRS患者蛋白代谢,能够提高Alb FSR,但不能降低Alb FBR.     

脑出血患者气管切开并发肺部感染的预测研究

目的探讨脑出血患者气管切开并发肺部感染的预测方法及价值。 方法选取亳州市人民医院重症医学科自2018年5月至2020年2月收治的142例脑出血气管切开患者为研究对象,按照脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染情况,分为发生组和未发生组。分析脑出血气管切开患者肺部感染危险因素,对比2组患者气管切开术后次日血清白蛋白（Alb）、降钙素原（PCT）及D-二聚体（D-D）水平。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平及三者联合预测脑出血气管切开并发肺部感染的价值。 结果本组患者中有33例（23.24%）并发肺部感染,纳入发生组,余109例患者纳入未发生组。发生组脑出血气管切开患者的血清Alb水平[（34.28±7.61）g/L]明显低于未发生组[（48.15±9.27）g/L],PCT[（0.25±0.06）ng/mL]和D-D水平[（253.16±41.27）μg/L]均明显高于未发生组[（0.17±0.05）ng/mL,（168.41±35.24）μg/L],差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。慢性阻塞性肺疾病、吸烟史、低蛋白血症、气管切开距离发病时间≥5 d、气管插管、使用呼吸机、应用广谱抗菌药物、进行颅脑手术、血清Alb<40 g/L、PCT≥0.15 ng/L、D-D≥200 μg/L均是影响出血性气管切开患者肺部感染发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,入院GCS评分是其保护因素（OR=0.551,P=0.023）;ROC分析显示,血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平预测脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染的最佳截断点分别为36.29 g/L、0.23 ng/mL、228.05 μg/L;血清Alb、PCT及D-D三者联合预测脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染的灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积（AUC）分别为69.70%、97.25%、0.912,特异度和AUC均高于单独预测（P<0.05）,灵敏度与单独预测差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论脑出血气管切开患者并发肺部感染风险高,且慢性阻塞性肺疾病、吸烟史、低蛋白血症等与血清Alb<40 g/L、PCT≥0.15 ng/L、D-D≥200 μg/L均是其影响因素,血清Alb、PCT、D-D水平联合可用于预测肺部感染。     

Long-term albumin infusion in decompensated cirrhosis: A review of current literature

Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and severe portal hypertension leading to systemic circulatory dysfunction. Albumin infusion has been widely used in decompensated cirrhosis in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, large-volume paracentesis and hepatorenal syndrome. Emerging data suggest long-term albumin infusion has both oncotic and non-oncotic properties which may improve the clinical outcomes in decompensated cirrhosis patients. We review the current literature on both the established and potential role of albumin, and specifically address the controversies of long-term albumin infusion in decompensated cirrhosis patients.     

Improvement in Central Nervous System Functions During Treatment of Liver Failure with Albumin Dialysis MARS—A Review of Clinical,Biochemical, and Electrophysiological Data

The Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) is a nonbiological liver support method based on the principles of dialysis, filtration, and adsorption. It allows the safe and efficient removal of both albumin-bound and water-soluble toxic metabolites, including ammonia, aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, and related phenolic and indolic products, as well as benzodiazepines. A well-documented effect of the treatment is the improvement of the hemodynamic situation of decompensated chronic patients. Systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral oxygen consumption increased significantly. The degree of hepatic encephalopathy decreased significantly. Increased intracranial pressure could be normalized in both chronic and fulminant liver failure. In three randomized clinical trials significant improvement of survival could be demonstrated. In a model of murine neuronal networks cultured on multi-microelectrode array plates and incubated with plasma from liver failure patients, a normalization of the spike and burst pattern could be observed, if plasma samples from MARS-treated patients before and after treatment were compared. In conclusion, MARS significantly improves central nervous system functions. It can serve as a model for the further investigation of the role of protein-bound substances in hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral hemodynamics.     

Analysis of Plasma Albumin,Vitamin D,and Apolipoproteins A and B as Predictive Coronary Risk Biomarkers in the REGICOR Study

Introduction and objectives

New biomarkers could improve the predictive capacity of classic risk functions. The aims of this study were to determine the association between circulating levels of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), albumin, and 25-OH-vitamin D and coronary events and to analyze whether these biomarkers improve the predictive capacity of the Framingham-REGICOR risk function.