高血压专科3706例住院继发性高血压患者病因构成分析

目的分析2012-2016年河南省人民医院高血压科住院高血压患者9439例中继发性高血压患者3706例病因分类及构成比较,为高血压防治提供病因学参考。方法采用回顾性研究方法,分析9439例住院高血压患者中3706例继发性高血压患者年龄、性别构成及病因分类。结果9439例住院高血压患者中原发性高血压占60.74%(5733例),继发性高血压占39.26%(3706例)。在继发性高血压患者中,心理因素性高血压例数最多(1175例,31.70%),其次例数较多的是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(779例,21.02%)、原发性醛固酮增多症(728例,19.64%)、肾血管性高血压(702例,18.94%)。与原发性高血压患者相比,心理因素性高血压、原发性醛固酮增多症、肾血管性高血压、甲状腺功能减退症、青光眼患者年龄较大,心理因素性高血压、内分泌性继发性高血压的女性患者较多(P<0.05)。与原发性高血压患者相比,继发性高血压患者的年龄[(50.2±15.0)比(46.6±15.2)岁]较大、男性患者比例[54.6%(2024/3706)比64.5%(3695/5733)]较小(均P<0.05)。继发性高血压和原发性高血压患者中女性的平均年龄高于男性(P<0.05)。结论2012-2016年高血压住院患者中继发性高血压占39.26%,高于国内外文献报道。住院的高血压患者心理因素性高血压比例居于首位,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、原发性醛固酮增多症、肾血管性高血压的比例也较高。年龄较大的高血压患者中也筛查出不少继发性高血压。     

Epidemiology,pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock – a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex multifactorial clinical syndrome with extremely high mortality, developing as a continuum, and progressing from the initial insult (underlying cause) to the subsequent occurrence of organ failure and death. There is a large spectrum of CS presentations resulting from the interaction between an acute cardiac insult and a patient's underlying cardiac and overall medical condition. Phenotyping patients with CS may have clinical impact on management because classification would support initiation of appropriate therapies. CS management should consider appropriate organization of the health care services, and therapies must be given to the appropriately selected patients, in a timely manner, whilst avoiding iatrogenic harm. Although several consensus‐driven algorithms have been proposed, CS management remains challenging and substantial investments in research and development have not yielded proof of efficacy and safety for most of the therapies tested, and outcome in this condition remains poor. Future studies should consider the identification of the new pathophysiological targets, and high‐quality translational research should facilitate incorporation of more targeted interventions in clinical research protocols, aimed to improve individual patient outcomes. Designing outcome clinical trials in CS remains particularly challenging in this critical and very costly scenario in cardiology, but information from these trials is imperiously needed to better inform the guidelines and clinical practice. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the definition, epidemiology, underlying causes, pathophysiology and management of CS based on important lessons from clinical trials and registries, with a focus on improving in‐hospital management.     

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health-Related Concerns,Quality of Life and Psychological Adjustment in Young Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Background: The risk for a severe disease course in case of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in young adults with congenital heart disease is largely unknown, potentially leading to uncertainty and anxiety among affected patients. This study aims to investigate health-related concerns, health-related quality of life and psychological adjustment in patients with congenital heart disease compared to healthy peers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: One-hundred patients with congenital heart disease and 50 controls (M = 29.7, SD = 3.8 years) were recruited. They completed an online survey including the assessment of health-related concerns regarding COVID-19, the 12-item Short Form Health Survey and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results: Patients considered COVID-19 to be a more serious issue (Generalized odds ratio [GenOR] = 1.67, p = 0.04), were more concerned about becoming infected (GenOR = 2.93, p < 0.001) and expressed more fear about leaving their homes (GenOR = 1.81, p = 0.004) while general anxiety symptoms were not different between groups (p = 0.23). Patients relied more on family and friends for support (30% vs. 2% in controls, p < 0.001) and reported better compliance with protective measures (p = 0.03). Mental health-related quality of life and psychological adjustment were not different between groups (p = 0.17 and p = 0.68, respectively). Physical health-related quality of life was lower in patients compared to controls (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Young adults with congenital heart disease in Switzerland are more concerned about their health during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to healthy peers. These concerns, however, do not translate into generally impaired mental wellbeing. The impact of the easing of lockdown measures on long-term anxiety levels and quality of life requires further study     

Traumatic ventricular septal defect and flail tricuspid valve: Successful management by an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator–supported hybrid approach

We report the successful management of a critically ill patient with a traumatic ventricular septal defect (VSD) and flail tricuspid valve sustained in a motorcycle accident. Multiple orthopedic injuries prevented emergency cardiac surgery. The patient was stabilized by venous arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support which allowed initial orthopedic repair. Repair of his cardiac injuries was then accomplished using a hybrid approach of percutaneous VSD closure using an Amplatzer post myocardial infarction VSD occluder which was also coil embolized followed by surgical tricuspid valve replacement. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Utilization of the impella 2.5 micro‐axial pump in children for acute circulatory support

Percutaneous circulatory support is widely available for use in adult patients. Options remain limited in the pediatric population due to limitations of vessel and patient size, resulting in the use of more invasive means of circulatory support. We present a case series of pediatric patients in whom the Impella 2.5 axial flow pump was able to be placed utilizing a hybrid approach that allowed for adequate distal perfusion while providing successful short‐term hemodynamic support. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Determination of Impact Damage in CFRP via PVDF Signal Analysis with Support Vector Machine

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have high specific stiffness and strength, but they are vulnerable to transverse loading, especially low-velocity impact loadings. The impact damage may cause serious strength reduction in CFRP structure, but the damage in a CFRP is mainly internal and microscopic, that it is barely visible. Therefore, this study proposes a method of determining impact damage in CFRP via poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) sensor, which is convenient and has high mechanical and electrical performance. In total, 114 drop impact tests were performed to investigate on impact responses and PVDF signals due to impacts. The test results were analyzed to determine the damage of specimens and signal features, which are relevant to failure mechanisms were extracted from PVDF signals by means of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Support vector machine (SVM) was used for optimal classification of damage state, and the model using radial basis function (RBF) kernel showed the best performance. The model was validated through a 4-fold cross-validation, and the accuracy was reported to be 92.30%. In conclusion, impact damage in CFRP structures can be effectively determined using the spectral analysis and the machine learning-based classification on PVDF signals.