北京市农村计划免疫经济效益的研究

全面评价我市计划免疫工作,合理配置和充分利用卫生资源,发挥卫生资源的最大效益是一个亟待研究的重要课题。 本次研究采用了卫生经济学效益分析方法,从1991～1993年完成。以北京市昌平等5个县(245万人口)为样本,全面、系统地进行了计划免疫工作资金投入、人力、物力等方面的回顾性研究。 研究结果表明,北京市计划免疫工作的经济效益十分显著,四种疫苗抽样调查接种率达到了98％以上,麻疹、百日咳等传染病大幅度下降,脊髓灰质炎、白喉基本消灭。1981～1990年10年期间计免相应传染病比预防接种前期和计划免疫初期分别减少380242人和32748人,绝对效益达1.5亿元和1041万元,效益比值为1:16.7和1:4.3。用经济学和管理学原则衡量,计划免疫经费投入是保护劳动力的不可缺少的生产性投资,具有非常显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

北京医科大学申报国家自然基金项目未获资助的原因分析

北京医科大学自1986年申请国家自然基金项目以来，科研水平不断提高，基础研究和应用基础研究稳步发展，形成良性循环。几年来经过科研人员及管理人员的努力，1986年～1994年我校共获得国家自然基金资助项目493项，经费2234．08万元。每年平均中标项数均在50项左右，中标率基本保持每年30%左右。每年的中标率均高于国家自然基金委的平均中标率。     

生物医学材料现状与发展对策研讨会在京举行

生物医学材料现状与发展对策研讨会在京举行由中国科学院、中国工程院、国家自然科学基金会、“８５３”高技术材料专家委员会、中国生物材料委员会组织召开的“生物医学材料现状与发展对策研讨会”，于１９９７年３月１７～１８日在北京举行。来自全国近３０位专家就生物...     

北京市开展药品监督抽验工作的基本条件分析

国家对药品质量实行监督抽验,是提高药品质量、保证人民用药安全有效的重要手段之一.     

继往开来发展提高

当新年钟声敲响的时候,<北京口腔医学>杂志迎来了创刊12周年.回首过去的岁月,<北京口腔医学>在全国口腔医学界同仁和有关部门的关心支持下,在编委会和编辑部全体成员的共同努力下,论文水平、编辑质量和知名度不断提高,成为全国影响力较大的专业学术期刊,为繁荣学术交流,促进学术发展做出了应有的贡献.目前,读者遍及全国31个省市自治区,深受广大作者和读者的欢迎.     

Molecular characteristics of rifampin and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Beijing, China

Background China is one of the high burden countries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （TB） infection globally, with high incidence and mortality. We studied the molecular characteristics of rifampin （RIF） and isoniazid （INH） resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Beijing, China, in order to find out the genetic marker for rapid detection of specific drug resistance. Methods Forty pansusceptible and 81 resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Beijing, China during 2002-2005 were analyzed. The modified rifampin oligonucleotide （RIFO） assay based on reverse line blot hybridization was used to detect mutations in the 81 bp hot-spot region of rpoB gene, which is associated with RIF resistance. The INH resistance associated genes, regulatory region mab-inhA （-15C/T） and structural gene katG S315T were detected by reverse line blot hybridization and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） method respectively. All the strains were typed by spoligotying and the Beijing genotype was further subdivided by NTF locus analysis. The distribution of drug resistance associated mutations in the above genes was compared in these groups. Results Sixty-five （91.5%） of 71 RIF resistant and 52 （92.9%） of 56 multidrug-resistant （MDR, i.e. resistant to at least RIF and INH） strains were found to harbor mutations in the rpoB hot-spot region. No mutation was detected in RIF sensitive strains. The specificity and sensitivity of the modified RIFO assay were 100% and 91.5%, respectively, katG315 AGC〉ACC and inhA-15C〉T mutations were found in 40 （60.6%） and 10 （15.2%） of 66 INH resistant strains, respectively; 7.6% of INH-resistant strains had mutations in both of these genes. Therefore, a combined use of both katG315 and inhA-15 identified 68.2% of INH-resistant strains. The Beijing genotype accounted for 91.7% of total strains and was further subdivided into ＂modern＂ （76.6%） and ＂ancestral＂ （23.4%） group. There is no significant difference between ＂ancestral＂ and ＂modern＂ group in prevalance of drug resistance-associated gene mutations. Conclusions The hot-spot region of rpoB gene can be used as genetic marker for detection of RIF resistant strains; a combined use of both katG315 and inhA-15 can improve the detection rate of I NH resistant strains; the Beijing genotype is prevalent in Beijing, China; the modified RIFO assay can be a practical tool for rapid detection of RIF resistant and MDR isolates in the routine diagnostic work.