Limiting behaviour during the hydroperoxide ion generation in a flow alkaline fuel cell

A comparative study of an O₂-diffusion cathode and a H₂-diffusion anode has been performed to ascertain the limiting processes, when they are combined in a flow alkaline fuel cell with hydroperoxide ion generation. The linear sweep voltammograms and the impedance diagrams of both electrodes show large differences. The cathode reaction is charge transfer-controlled up to current densities of at least 1 A cm^?2, whereas the dissociative adsorption, charge transfer and diffusion of H₂ appear to limit the anode reaction. The anode, with limiting current densities of about 90 and 150 mA cm^?2 for 1.0 and 6.0 M KOH, respectively, then clearly controls the hydroperoxide ion production in the fuel cell. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that, the carbon of the H₂-diffusion anode does not undergo significant oxygen functionalisation during hydroperoxide ion generation in the fuel cell.     

急性脊髓损伤合并内毒素攻击时脊髓内源性锌脂蛋白A20表达

目的:研究急性脊髓损伤合并内毒素攻击时小鼠脊髓组织中锌脂蛋白A20的表达规律.方法:将健康昆明种小白鼠225只(雌雄不拘,体重18～24g)随机分为4组:正常对照组(N组,n=9),单纯尾静脉注射生理盐水0.1ml;脊髓损伤组(A组,n=72),按改良Allen's法制作T10-T11节段脊髓损伤模型;内毒素组(B组,n=72),不进行脊髓损伤只行尾静脉注射内毒素(5mg/kg)0.1ml;脊髓损伤合并内毒素注射组(C组,n=72),制作脊髓损伤模型后再行尾静脉注射内毒素(5mg/kg)0.1ml.A、B、C组分别于处理后0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24、48h,N组于处理后48h,取T10～T11节段脊髓组织.以HE染色观察脊髓损伤程度.以免疫组化(IHC)、逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术分别检测脊髓组织中A20蛋白及mRNA表达.结果:HE染色显示N组和B组各时相点脊髓组织无明显变化;A组打击后0.5h即出现染色质凝聚,染色变深,细胞核偏位、核固缩等现象,神经细胞肿胀,可见片状出血,炎性细胞浸润;至打击8h后可见到核仁消失、核碎裂、核溶解,鬼影细胞现象;C组较A组脊髓损伤更为明显,8h除可见核固缩、碎裂、溶解外,还可见到细胞自溶、空泡形成,并随损伤时间的延长而逐渐加重.IHC显示N组未见A20蛋白阳性表达,A、B组未见或仅有少量A20蛋白阳性表达,C组2h时少量表达,8h表达达高峰.RT-PCR示N组A20 mRNA呈微量表达;A组与N组比较表达升高,与B、C组比较表达高峰延迟,且在12～24h表达高于B、C组;B组在注射内毒素后0.5h,锌脂蛋白A20 mRNA较N组升高明显,1～2h为A20 mRNA表达的高峰期;C组锌脂蛋白A20 mRNA表达最明显,表达高峰在1～8h.结论:在脊髓损伤的早期就出现神经细胞变性死亡的进行性加重,同时伴有锌脂蛋白A20表达增高,合并内毒素注射时尤其明显,锌脂蛋白A20可能对于渊控脊髓损伤的炎症反应具有重要意义.     

In vitro effect of zinc on oxidative changes in human semen

Summary The in vitro effect of zinc on superoxide anion (O₂^?) generation and on experimentally induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in spermatozoa of infertile men was investigated. Washed spermatozoa pre-incubated for 30 min at 37°C in the presence of 1 or 3 mmol l^-1 zinc, released less superoxide anions (P<0.03 and P<0.02, respectively; n=9) than the untreated spermatozoa. Similar results were obtained using activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1 times 10⁶ cells ml^-1) in the presence of 1 or 3 mmol l^-1 Zn (P<0.001 and P<0.0002, respectively; n=9). The in vitro evidence of the inhibitory effect of zinc on O₂^? generation by human spermatozoa and leukocytes indicates that zinc may act in vivo as a scavenger of excessive O₂^? production by defective spermatozoa and/or leukocytes in semen after ejaculation. A significant stimulatory effect of Zn (3 mmol l^-1) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation, measured by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), was detected in the spermatozoa of 16 normo- and 17 asthenozoospermic males (P<0.0001 and P<0.001, respectively). In 11 samples with sperm concentration 20.3±2.1 times 10⁶ ml^-1, exhibiting initial TBARS concentration two times higher than in normo-and asthenozoospermic samples (40.5±2.4 vs. 17.1±1.1 and 28.5±4.1 nmoles TBARS 10^-8 spermatozoa), no effect of zinc on the LPO rate was found. The observed inhibitory effect of zinc on superoxide anion regardless of the initial O₂^? level and stimulatory effect of zinc depending on the initial LPO rate in human spermatozoa suggests that this metal ion participates in the oxidative changes occurring after ejaculation and thus may modulate the properties of germ cells.     

锌离子对大鼠海马突触体Ca^2＋—Mg^2＋ATP酶活性及蛋白合成的影响

行为实验己经证明，锌过多或缺锌均可影响脑功能。锌作为体内重要的微量元素，影响多种酶的活性及蛋白质和核酸的台成。本实验通过体外分离大鼠脑海马突触体，观察不同浓度锌离子对Ca2 －Mg2 ATP酶的活性和3H－Leu掺入突触蛋白合成的影响．结果表明：1．锌离子浓度在25μmol／L时增加该酶的活性（＜0．01），并促进3H－Leur掺入蛋白质的合成（＜0．05）。2．锌离子在50,100，200μmol／L的较高浓度时对Co2 －M2 ATP酶的活性有显著的抑制作用（分别为：P＜0.05．P＜0．01，P＜0.01），仅200μmol／L对3H—Leu掺入突触蛋白合成有抑制作用。本研究提示：适量的锌对突触体功能的维持是必要的，但剂量过高则起相反作用。     

H^＋—ISFET的性能特点及应用研究

本文报道由我们研制的氢离子半导体传感器的性能特点，并与普通离子选择电极（玻璃电极）比较。Ｈ＾＋－ＩＳＦＥＴ具有体积小、取样少、快速、稳定、全固体化、不用预先活化等优点，对氢离子的敏感性也优于普通玻璃电极。本文还成功地将Ｈ＾＋－ＩＳＦＥＴ应用于有复杂成分并存的尿、血及其他生物材料的ｐＨ值测试，并改进胆碱酯酶活力测定方法，将Ｈ＾＋－ＩＳＦＥＴ应用于有机磷中毒后胆碱酯酶活力的快速定量测定。     

离子交换－比色法测定杞菊地黄丸中甜菜碱含量

杞菊地黄丸水提取物依次通过强阳离子交换树脂柱、强阴离子交换树脂柱分离得到甜菜碱（Ｂａｔａｉｎｅ），然后与雷氏盐形成沉淀，沉淀用７００ｇ／Ｌ丙酮溶解，用比色法在λｍａｘ５２５ｎｍ处测定其含量，两个厂家生产的杞菊地黄丸中甜菜碱的含量分别为０．０６６％，０．０７４％，平均回收率为９７．００％，相对标准差为０．８３％，相关系数为０．９９９８．     

葡萄糖酸锌糖浆的制备与含量测定方法

本文报告了葡萄糖酸锌糖浆的制法及用二甲橙指示剂法测定含量的方法。结果表明制法简便,含量测定方法准确。     

锌铜镉铁与高血压病

用原子吸收光谙仪，测定２６例高血压病人血清和红细胞内锌、铜、镉、铁含量，并以３０名健康中年人作对照。结果发现：高血压病人红细胞内锌含量增加，血清铜、铁含量降低，血清及红细胞内镉元素均降低。各元素水平与血压读数间未发现相关性。