备孕期高血压的规范管理

近年来由于生活压力的增加,我国越来越多的育龄期男女罹患高血压,因此如何规范管理备孕期高血压已成为当前的焦点。本文从备孕期间血压的监测与评估和降压药的使用两方面分别对育龄期男性和女性备孕期间的血压规范管理进行阐述,强调女性备孕期间的高血压管理应同时考虑母体和胎儿的安全性,选择相对安全的降压药,如甲基多巴、拉贝洛尔、硝苯地平等;男性备孕期间的高血压管理应同时考虑降压药的疗效及其对性功能和精子的影响,推荐奈必洛尔、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（ARB）和钙离子通道阻滞剂（CCB）类药物,旨在为临床备孕期高血压的管理提供指导并为未来研究提供参考方向。     

The Modality Specificity of the Slow Negative Wave

Event-related potentials were recorded in a simple reaction time task using a 3-sec interval between S₁ and S₂. The sensory modalities of S₁ and S₂ were varied across 4 conditions to yield all possible combinations of tones and flashes. A negative component which peaked between 600 and 800 msec after S₁ was specific in scalp distribution to the modality of S₁ but not S₂. It was concluded that this negative component is a response to S₁ and not related to processes associated with anticipation of S₂. A slow negative shift which peaked at S₂ was largest at the vertex in all conditions, suggesting its motor origin. A trend for the latter activity to be more negative in posterior recordings when S₂ was visual than auditory leaves open the possibility that the terminal CNV is a combination of motor activities and anticipation of the sensory modality of S₂.     

Intrahippocampal cholinergic grafts in aged rats compensate impairments in a radial maze and in a place learning task

Summary Age-related cognitive impairments were studied in rats kept in semi-enriched conditions during their whole life, and tested during ontogeny and adult life in various classical spatial tasks. In addition, the effect of intrahippocampal grafts of fetal septal-diagonal band tissue, rich in cholinergic neurons, was studied in some of these subjects. The rats received bilateral cell suspensions when aged 23–24 months. Starting 4 weeks after grafting, they were trained during 5 weeks in an 8-arm maze made of connected plexiglass tunnels. No age-related impairment was detected during the first eight trials, when the maze shape was that of a classical radial maze in which the rats had already been trained when young. The older rats were impaired when the task was made more difficult by rendering two arms parallel to each other. They developed an important neglect of one of the parallel tunnels resulting in a high amount of errors before completion of the task. In addition, the old rats developed a systematic response pattern of visits to adjacent arms in a sequence, which was not observed in the younger subjects. None of these behaviours were observed in the old rats with a septal transplant. Sixteen weeks after grafting, another experiment was conducted in a homing hole board task. Rats were allowed to escape from a large circular arena through one hole out of many, and to reach home via a flexible tube under the table. The escape hole was at a fixed position according to distant room cues, and olfactory cues were made irrelevant by rotating the table between the trials. An additional cue was placed on the escape position. No age-related difference in escape was observed during training. During a probe trial with no hole connected and no proximal cue present, the old untreated rats were less clearly focussed on the training sector than were either the younger or the grafted old subjects. Taken together, these experiments indicate that enriched housing conditions and spatial training during adult life do not protect against all age-related deterioration in spatial ability. However, it might be that the considerable improvement observed in the grafted subjects results from an interaction between the graft treatment and the housing conditions.     

Cleavage of integrin by mu-calpain during hypoxia in human endometrial cells

PROBLEM: The distribution and activation of mu-calpain and possible cleavage of integrin in human endometrial cells under hypoxic condition were investigated. METHOD OF STUDY: Human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells were subjected to hypoxia, and subsequently used for immunostaining and western blot analysis. RESULTS: The proform of mu-calpain was detected in the cytoplasm of normal cells, and displayed a substantial decrease after hypoxia. Conversely, the active form of mu-calpain was not detected in normal cells, but was abundant after hypoxia. The cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta3 was also detected in the cytoplasm of endometrial cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that both the proform of mu-calpain and the integrin beta3 cytoplasmic domain decreased during hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: Mu-calpain is activated in human endometrial cells during hypoxia and that subsequent cleavage of the integrin beta3 cytoplasmic domain may give some adverse effects to the function of human endometrium.     

Long-term effects of infant rearing condition on the acquisition of dominance rank in juvenile and adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

We examined the effects of early rearing experience on the development of dominance status in 53 juvenile (age 3) and then in 38 adult (ages 5-8) rhesus macaques. Based on previous research investigating the behavioral outcomes of nursery-rearing, we predicted that mother-reared (MR) monkeys would outrank peer-only reared (PR) monkeys, which would in turn outrank surrogate/peer-reared (SPR) subjects. Juvenile MR and PR subjects did not differ in ranks, but monkeys from both rearing backgrounds outranked SPR cage-mates at age 3. Independent of rearing condition, high-ranking juveniles gained the most weight between ages 1-3, suggesting that low status may be associated with decreases in early weight gain. Adult MR subjects outranked both PR and SPR subjects, with PR animals occupying intermediate ranks. These results indicate that impoverished early experiences, such as adult absence and limited social interaction, are useful predictors of future social success in rhesus macaques.     

颅骨缺损状态下区域血流速度变化

目的 :探讨颅骨缺损病理状态下区域血流速度变化。方法 :应用TCD测定不同缺损面积的颅骨缺损病人术前患侧及健侧和术后患侧ICA、ACA、MCA、PCA、BA平均血流速度。结果 :≥ 35cm2 病人患侧颅内血管平均血流速度高于正常 ,而健侧颅内血管平均血流速度正常。 <35cm2 病人患侧及健侧颅内血管平均血流速度均在正常范围。结论 :颅骨缺损病理状态下常可引起区域血流速度改变 ,血流速度改变是指导颅骨缺损修补的重要依据     

Modern Mind-Brain Reading: Psychophysiology, Physiology, and Cognition

This paper reviews the actual and potential benefits of a marriage between cognitive psychology and psychophysiology. Psychophysiological measures, particularly those of the event-related brain potential, can be used as markers for psychological events and physiological events. Thus, they can serve as "windows" on the mind and as "windows" on the brain. These ideas are illustrated in the context of a series of studies utilizing the lateralized readiness potential, a measure of electrical brain activity that is related to preparation for movement. This measure has been used to illuminate presetting processes that prepare the motor system for action, to demonstrate the presence of the transmission of partial information in the cognitive system, and to identify processes responsible for the inhibition of responses. The lateralized readiness potential appears to reflect activity in motor areas of cortex. Thus, this measure, along with other psychophysiological measures, can be used to understand how the functions of the mind are implemented in the brain.     

The effect of physical conditioning on antipyrine clearance

The effects of physical conditioning on antipyrine clearance were studied in two groups of subjects. Healthy men not engaged in the systematic practice of any sport were compared with endurance runners (defined as men running >80 km/week). Studies were carried out at three different periods of the annual plan training at 4-month intervals. Antipyrine was administered orally and pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from saliva samples by the multiple-sample method. Endurance performance, expressed in terms of the maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O_{2 max}), the ventilatory threshold and the 4-mM · l⁻¹ lactate threshold (OBLA), was higher in trained than in control subjects at each of the three periods. Antipyrine clearance was also significantly elevated and antipyrine half-life reduced in runners during all periods. No significant difference in V˙O_{2 max} or antipyrine clearance was found between the various periods in either trained or control subjects. Both ventilatory threshold and OBLA increased significantly along the training period in conditioned subjects. Significant correlations were found between antipyrine clearance and V˙O_{2 max}, ventilatory threshold and OBLA. In summary, these results indicate an association between aerobic conditioning and increased hepatic oxidative metabolism of low-clearance drugs. Accepted: 15 July 1997     

The course of aggressive behavior induced by a single injection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its characteristics

Female, Wistar King A rats subjected to one day of isolated housing, during which all food was withheld for 22 hr and supplied for only 2 hr, and then given a single dose of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) markedly exhibited muricide and rod-attack behavior. This continued for 100 days after treatment as far as the animals remained in isolation. They displayed rat pup-killing behavior as well, although normal virgin female rats did not show such behavior. When the rats were transferred from isolated housing to group housing 60 days after THC treatment, rod-attack behavior disappeared completely in all rats and muricide disappeared in 13 of the 28 rats which exhibited muricide. However, when these rats were returned to isolation after a 15 day period of group housing, rod-attack behavior and muricide identical to that observed previously reappeared. It is concluded that housing condition plays a crucial role in the occurrence and maintenance of THC-induced aggression including muricide.     

北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用状况及健康风险评估

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用及卫生状况,评估各场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险。方法2018年5—9月,采集东城区内三类共26家公共场所冷却塔冷却水,填写相关调查问卷,通过冷却塔军团菌病健康风险指数模型计算各场所健康风险。结果本次研究中各场所冷却水样本嗜肺军团菌检测均为阴性,合格率为100%。游离性余氯平均为0.15 mg/L。酒店类场所冷却塔规模、加药方式和频率与其他场所有明显差别。26家公共场所健康综合风险平均为61.49,其中军团菌增殖风险、含菌气溶胶传播风险、暴露人群易感风险分别为16.13、22.66和22.70。不同场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险评估结果存在一定差异,医院类场所健康风险指数高于酒店和商场(F=3.78,P<0.05)。结论冷却塔军团菌病健康风险高低主要受公共场所周围易感人群影响,该地区相关卫生部门应加强对相关易感人群的保护,对各类场所相关政策法规进行制定、完善和实施。