Outcomes of Long Tapered Hydroxyapatite-Coated Stems in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of femoral component revisions using a long tapered HA coated femoral revision stem. Between 2001 and 2008, 55 femoral component revisions were performed using this stem. Forty-one patients were available for follow up evaluation at average of 59 months. The clinical results were evaluated using the HHS and serial radiographs were evaluated for loosening. The mean HHS was 71 (range 22–100). Three hips required revision of KAR stem (1 aseptic loosening, 1 infection, 1 limb length discrepancy). Only one prosthesis demonstrated radiographic evidence of subsidence. Our study suggests that long tapered HA coated revision femoral components can provide stable fixation and in-growth in cases where there is good proximal femoral bone stock and favorable canal geometry.     

A novel gastroretentive porous microparticle for anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Gastroretentive drug delivery system is a promising option for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, which can prolong gastric residence time and supply high drug concentration in the stomach. In the present study, a low density system of metronidazole-loaded porous Eudragit^® RS microparticle with high drug loading capacity (>25%) was fabricated via electrospray method. The porous structure and size distribution of microparticles were affected by polymer concentration and flow rate of solution. FTIR and XRD analyses indicated that drug has been entrapped into the porous microparticles. In addition, sustained release profiles and slight cytotoxicity in vitro were detected. Gamma scintigraphy study in vivo demonstrated that ¹³¹I-labeled microparticles retained in stomach for over 8 h, and about 65.50% radioactive counts were finally detected in the region of interest. The biodistribution study confirmed that hotspot of radioactivity was remaining in the stomach. Furthermore, metronidazole-loaded porous microparticles can eradicate H. pylori completely with lower dose and administration frequency of antibiotic compared with pure drug, which were also more helpful for the healing of mucosal damages. These results suggest that prepared porous microparticle has the potential to provide better treatment for H. pylori infection.     

Inclusion of fenofibrate in a series of mesoporous silicas using microwave irradiation

A selection of porous silicas were combined with a model drug using a recently developed, controlled microwave heating process to determine if the application of microwave irradiation could enhance subsequent drug release. Five mesoporous silica types were investigated (core shell, core shell rehydrox, SBA-15, silica gel, SYLOID®) and, for comparison, one non-porous silica (stober). These were formulated using a tailored microwave heating method at drug/excipient ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5. In addition, all experiments were performed both in the presence and absence of water, used as a fluidising media to aid interaction between drug and support, and compared with results obtained using more traditional heating methods. All formulations were then characterised using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Pharmaceutical performance was investigated using in vitro drug release studies. A significant enhancement in the release profile of fenofibrate was observed for formulations prepared using microwave heating in the absence of water for five of the six silica based formulations. Of all the formulations analysed, the greatest extent of drug release within the experimental 30 min was the 1:5 core shell rehydrox achieving a total of 86.6 ± 2.8%. The non-porous (stober) particles did not exhibit an increased release of the drug under any experimental conditions studied. This anomaly is thought to be a result of the comparatively small surface area of the silica particles, thus preventing the adsorption of drug molecules.     

The State of Starch/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold in Bone Tissue Engineering with Consideration for Dielectric Measurement as an Alternative Characterization Technique

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a scaffold in tissue engineering. HA possesses high mechanical stress and exhibits particularly excellent biocompatibility owing to its similarity to natural bone. Nonetheless, this ceramic scaffold has limited applications due to its apparent brittleness. Therefore, this had presented some difficulties when shaping implants out of HA and for sustaining a high mechanical load. Fortunately, these drawbacks can be improved by combining HA with other biomaterials. Starch was heavily considered for biomedical device applications in favor of its low cost, wide availability, and biocompatibility properties that complement HA. This review provides an insight into starch/HA composites used in the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds and numerous factors that influence the scaffold properties. Moreover, an alternative characterization of scaffolds via dielectric and free space measurement as a potential contactless and nondestructive measurement method is also highlighted.     

Review of the Applications of Biomedical Compositions Containing Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Modified by Bioactive Components

Regenerative medicine is becoming a rapidly evolving technique in today’s biomedical progress scenario. Scientists around the world suggest the use of naturally synthesized biomaterials to repair and heal damaged cells. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has the potential to replace drugs in biomedical engineering and regenerative drugs. HAp is easily biodegradable, biocompatible, and correlated with macromolecules, which facilitates their incorporation into inorganic materials. This review article provides extensive knowledge on HAp and collagen-containing compositions modified with drugs, bioactive components, metals, and selected nanoparticles. Such compositions consisting of HAp and collagen modified with various additives are used in a variety of biomedical applications such as bone tissue engineering, vascular transplantation, cartilage, and other implantable biomedical devices.     

Adsorption of the Tartrate Ions in the Hydroxyapatite/Aqueous Solution of NaCl System

The research on the interaction of tartrate ions with the surface of hydroskyapatite was presented, including the measurements of the kinetics of tartrate ion adsorption and tartrate ion adsorption as a function of pH. The adsorption of tartrate ions was calculated from the loss of tartrate concentration in the solution as measured by a radioisotope method using C-14 labeled tartaric acid. In order to explain the mechanism of interaction of tartrate ions with hydroxyapatite, supplementary measurements were carried out, i.e., potentiometric measurements of the balance of released/consumed ions in the hydroxyapatite/electrolyte solution system, zeta potential measurements, FTIR spectrophotometric measurements and the hydroxyapatite crystal structure and particle size distribution were characterized. It was found that the adsorption of tartrate ions occurs as a result of the exchange of these ions with hydroxyl, phosphate and carbonate ions. Replacing the ions with the abovementioned tartrate ions leads to the appearance of a negative charge on the surface of the hydroxapatite. On the basis of XRD study and particle size distribution, a decrease in the size of crystallites and the diameter of hydroxyapatite particles in contact with a solution of 0.001 mol/dm³ of tartaric acid was found.     

Polyurethane Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Lavender Residue Functionalized with Kaolinite and Hydroxyapatite

Polyurethane (PUR) composites were modified with 2 wt.% of lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite (K) and hydroxyapatite (HA). The impact of lavender fillers on selected properties of PUR composites, such as rheological properties (dynamic viscosity, foaming behavior), mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength), insulation properties (thermal conductivity), thermal characteristic (temperature of thermal decomposition stages), flame retardancy (e.g., ignition time, limiting oxygen index, heat peak release) and performance properties (water uptake, contact angle) was investigated. Among all modified types of PUR composites, the greatest improvement was observed for PUR composites filled with lavender fillers functionalized with kaolinite and hydroxyapatite. For example, on the addition of functionalized lavender fillers, the compressive strength was enhanced by ~16–18%, flexural strength by ~9–12%, and impact strength by ~7%. Due to the functionalization of lavender filler with thermally stable flame retardant compounds, such modified PUR composites were characterized by higher temperatures of thermal decomposition. Most importantly, PUR composites filled with flame retardant compounds exhibited improved flame resistance characteristics—in both cases, the value of peak heat release was reduced by ~50%, while the value of total smoke release was reduced by ~30%.     

局部应用唑来膦酸与纳米银对即刻种植骨结合影响的比较

背景:有研究表明局部应用唑来膦酸和局部应用纳米银都可促进骨形成,但两者效果的差异尚未见研究报道。目的:观察局部应用唑来膦酸和局部应用纳米银对兔拔牙窝即刻种植钛螺纹钉骨结合的影响差异。方法:将24只新西兰大白兔随机分为唑来膦酸和纳米银组,每组12只,在拔除兔上下颌4个切牙后,分别在2组的拔牙窝内填唑来膦酸-纳米羟基磷灰石复合物和纳米银-纳米羟基磷灰石混合物,并均同期植入钛螺纹钉。术后4,8,12周取兔上、下颌骨离体标本,通过一般形态观察、扭矩测试、骨密度检测及组织形态学观察。实验于2015年12月经河北医科大学第三医院医学伦理委员会批准(批准号:Z2015-021-1)。结果与结论:①扭矩力学实验测试结果显示,两组钛钉扭矩峰值的平均值随着时间延长而增加(扭矩峰值平均值数值),均在12周时达到最大(扭矩峰值平均值数值),术后4,8,12周,唑来膦酸组钛螺纹钉扭矩峰值平均值均略高于同期纳米银组,唑来膦酸组钛螺纹钉稳定性略优于纳米银组,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②一般形态和组织学观察发现,术后4,8,12周唑来膦酸组种植体周围骨硬度和结构均明显优于同期纳米银组;③骨密度分析结果显示,术后4,8,12周,唑来膦酸组钛螺纹钉周围骨组织灰度值略高于同期纳米银组,但差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④结果证实,从植入材料对影响种植体周围骨替代材料成骨的效果来看,用唑来膦酸纳米羟基磷灰石复合物进行即刻种植骨结合的效果略优于纳米银与纳米羟基磷灰石混合植骨。     

改性玻璃离子水门汀应力松弛蠕变实验

文题释义：黏弹性力学：连续介质力学的重要分支,又称黏弹性理论,研究黏弹性物质的力学行为、本构关系及其破坏规律,以及黏弹性体在外力和其他因素作用下的变形和应力分布。聚合物、混凝土、金属、岩石、土壤、石油、肌肉、血液和骨骼等,在一定条件下既具有弹性性质又具有黏性性质,这种兼具弹性和黏性性质的材料称为黏弹性材料,含黏弹性固体与黏弹性流体,又可分为线性黏弹性体和非线性黏弹性体。线性黏弹性体的两种极端情况即为胡克体(遵循胡克定律)和牛顿流体(遵循牛顿粘性定律)。 生物力学：是应用力学原理和方法对生物体中的力学问题定量研究的生物物理学分支,其研究范围从生物整体到系统、器官(包括血液、体液、脏器、骨骼等),从鸟飞、鱼游、鞭毛和纤毛运动到植物体液的输运等。 物力学的基础是能量守恒、动量定律、质量守恒三定律并加上描写物性的本构方程。生物力学研究的重点是与生理学、医学有关的力学问题,依研究对象的不同可分为生物流体力学、生物固体力学和运动生物力学等。 背景：以往对改性玻璃离子水门汀的力学性能研究多以压缩、弯曲实验居多,关于玻璃离子水门汀加入锶羟基磷灰石后的应力松弛、蠕变实验研究鲜有报道。 目的：对比分析传统玻璃离子水门汀、复合树脂釉质粘接剂、改性玻璃离子水门汀的应力松弛、蠕变特性。 方法：按质量比15%向玻璃离子水门汀中加入掺锶羟基磷灰石,制备改性玻璃离子水门汀。制作改性玻璃离子水门汀、复合树脂釉质粘接剂与传统玻璃离子水门汀试样,3组各取10个试样进行应力松弛实验,另取10个试样进行蠕变实验。 结果与结论：①应力松弛实验7 200 s时,传统玻璃离子水门汀组应力下降了1.18 MPa,复合树脂釉质粘接剂组应力下降了1.39 MPa,掺锶羟基磷灰石复合玻璃离子水门汀组应力下降了1.38 MPa;传统玻璃离子水门汀组应力下降量小于掺锶羟基磷灰石复合玻璃离子水门汀组、复合树脂釉质粘接剂组(P < 0.05),掺锶羟基磷灰石复合玻璃离子水门汀组和复合树脂釉质粘接剂组应力下降量无差异(P > 0.05)。②蠕变实验7 200 s时,传统玻璃离子水门汀组应变上升了0.24%,复合树脂釉质粘接剂组应变上升了0.33%,掺锶羟基磷灰石复合玻璃离子水门汀组应变上升了0.32%;传统玻璃离子水门汀组应变上升量小于掺锶羟基磷灰石复合玻璃离子水门汀组、复合树脂釉质粘接剂组(P < 0.05),掺锶羟基磷灰石复合玻璃离子水门汀组试和复合树脂釉质粘接剂组应变上升量无差异(P > 0.05)。③结果表明,15%掺锶羟基磷灰石提高和改善了玻璃离子水门汀的黏弹特性,有利于其与黏结物体的黏结,有利于提高黏结强度。 ORCID: 0000-0003-1024-5733(丁洁) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程