Copious Irrigation Versus Suction Alone During Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis in Adults

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether copious irrigation of peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and improves the postoperative recovery in adults compared with suction alone. Methods: In this prospective randomized trial, adult patients with complicated appendicitis were randomized to “irrigation and suction”(IS) group or “suction only”(SO) group. All surgery was performed with a standardized 3-port laparoscopic approach. The IS group received peritoneal irrigation with a minimum of 2000 mL sterile normal saline. The study primary outcomes included wound infection and postoperative intra-abdominal abscess. The study secondary outcomes included duration of operation, first anal exsufflation time, duration of hospital stay and hospital charges. Chi-squared and t-tests were used to analyze the study data. Results: Between January 2015 and June 2016, a total of 260 patients with complicated appendicitis were enrolled in the study. The peritoneal irrigation resulted in a longer operation time (51.6 ± 16.1 vs. 41.5 ± 15.2 min, p <0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of wound infection between the two groups. However, the patients who received irrigation had a lower postoperative intra-abdominal abscess rate (3.1% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.039), earlier anal exsufflation (25.2 ± 16.5 vs. 30.7 ± 18.1 hr, p = 0.011), shorter hospital stay (10.2 ± 2.5 vs. 12.5 ± 2.8 days, p <0.001) and lower hospital charges (¥14,592 ± 2,251 vs. 16,674 ± 2,163, p <0.001) compared to those received suction alone. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that copious irrigation of peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic appendectomy could decrease the incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess in adult patients with complicated appendicitis. These patients also had faster postoperative recovery and lower hospital charges.     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤气化电切术后膀胱冲洗液温度的选择

目的 探讨冲洗液温度变化对经尿道膀胱肿瘤气化电切术后膀胱痉挛的影响,以选择最佳的冲洗液温度.方法 177例患者分为5组,5组冲洗液温度分别为15,20,25,30和35 ℃.各组的其他治疗相同.每个患者从术后第1天起每天留3次尿标本(8∶00,16∶00,24∶00),行尿红细胞计数检查,取其平均数作为当天的红细胞数.对各组内膀胱痉挛发生的次数、第1次冲洗前后心率血压的变化值以及术后每天冲洗液的红细胞数进行临床观察.结果 随着冲洗液温度的升高,膀胱痉挛的次数呈下降趋势;随着冲洗液温度的升高,冲洗前后血压和心率的变化值逐渐减小;25 ℃和30 ℃ 2组冲洗液中红细胞数明显低于其他3组(P＜0.05).结论 术后患者出现心率、血压升高提示膀胱痉挛的发生或将要发生;30 ℃膀胱冲洗液应为经尿道膀胱肿瘤气化电切术的最佳选择.     

阴道检查代替肛门检查监测产程的临床观察

传统的观察产程进展的方法常是肛门检查（以下简称肛查），但是肛查时产妇疼痛便意感明显，并且常不能正确地判断产程进展状况。为此，2004年5月-2005年5月，我们对385例分娩孕妇采用杭州民生药业集团有限公司生产的5％聚维酮碘溶液消毒后进行阴道检查（以下简称阴查），代替传统的肛门检查来了解产程进展，并探讨产程中常规采用阴查是否增加母儿感染。与356例肛查观察产程者进行对比分析，以确定阴道检查监测产程的可行性，尤其是妊娠合并细菌性阴道病（BV）产妇的母儿感染情况，现报道如下。     

经尿道电汽化术加丝裂霉素灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎38例

目的：探讨经尿道电汽化加丝裂霉素灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的临床应用价值。方法：38例腺性膀胱炎采用可持续灌洗电切镜，经尿道使用沟槽状滚型及铲状汽化电极，对膀胱病变处行轻压接触式电汽化处理；电汽化术后一周开始予丝裂霉素(20mg／次)膀胱灌注。结果：35例获随访，随访3—36个月。30例症状消失，3例好转，2例复发。血、尿常规检查基本正常，肝、肾功能检查无明显变化。结论：经尿道电汽化加丝裂霉素灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎，操作简单，安全可靠，疗效确切，值得临床推广。     

持续闭式灌洗预防椎板切除后硬膜粘连

目的 观察持续闭式灌洗预防椎板切除后硬膜粘连的效果。方法 选成年健康新西兰大白兔 30 只,每只兔的背部做两处切口,分别切除L2 和L6 棘突、椎板,显露硬膜囊,其中一处直接缝合,作为对照组;另一处持续灌洗 72 h,作为冲洗组。术后4周、8周、12周取样行大体和光镜检查,12周样本增加透射电镜检查及计算机图像分析。结果 术后 4 周和 8 周样本见对照组硬膜外腔被大量瘢痕组织填充,直达肌筋膜层,瘢痕与硬膜及周围肌肉组织粘连紧密,难以剥离;冲洗组见硬膜与肌肉之间为膜性物、浸润脂肪或少量瘢痕,与硬膜无粘连或部分粘连,易于钝性分离。术后 12 周样本见对照组硬膜外瘢痕致密而广泛,与硬膜紧密粘连,难以区分;冲洗组硬膜外瘢痕形成少而疏松,与硬膜轻度粘连或无粘连,与对照组存在显著性差异( P <0.05)。透射电镜下见,对照组硬膜外组织为致密瘢痕组织;冲洗组主要为脂肪组织,脂肪细胞间夹杂少量胶原纤维。结论 兔椎板切除后持续生理盐水灌洗72 h可有效防止硬膜粘连     

Rapid degradation and non-selectivity of Dakin’s solution prevents effectiveness in contaminated musculoskeletal wound models

BackgroundDakin’s solution (buffered sodium hypochlorite) has been used as a topical adjunct for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in trauma patients. Prudent use of Dakin’s solution (DS) for complex musculoskeletal wound management implies balancing antimicrobial efficacy and human tissue toxicity, but little empirical evidence exists to inform clinical practice. To identify potentially efficacious DS concentrations and application methods, we conducted two animal studies to evaluate the ability of DS to reduce bacterial burden in small and large animal models of contaminated musculoskeletal wounds.MethodsAn established rat (Rattus norvegicus) contaminated femoral defect model was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of DS as a topical adjunctive treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infection. A range of clinically-relevant DS concentrations (0.00025%–0.125%) were tested, both with and without periodic replenishment during treatment. Next, an established goat (Capra hircus) musculoskeletal wound model, consisting of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa contaminated proximal tibia cortical defect, muscle crush, and thermal injury, was utilized to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of dilute DS (0.0025% and 0.025%) as a surgical irrigant solution. In situ reactive chlorine concentrations were monitored throughout each treatment using an automated iodometric titration approach.ResultsIn a rat wound model, DS treatment did not significantly reduce S. aureus bioburden after 14 days as compared to saline control. Two treatment groups (0.01% single application and 0.025% multiple application) exhibited significantly higher bacterial burden than control. In a goat musculoskeletal wound model, neither 0.0025% nor 0.025% DS significantly altered P. aeruginosa bioburden immediately following treatment or at 48 h post-treatment. Overall, DS applied to exposed soft tissue exhibited rapid degradation, e.g., 0.125% DS degraded 32% after 5 s progressing to 86% degradation after 15 min following single application.ConclusionsWe did not observe evidence of a therapeutic benefit following Dakin’s solution treatment for any tested concentration or application method in two contaminated musculoskeletal wound models. Despite confirmation of robust bactericidal activity in vitro, our findings suggest DS at current clinically-used concentrations does not kill tissue surface-attached bacteria, nor does it necessarily cause host tissue toxicity that exacerbates infection in the setting of complex musculoskeletal injury.     

高温粉尘致吸入性损伤气道冲洗的护理

目的 探讨高温粉尘致吸入性损伤气道冲洗的护理方法。方法 对2000年-2005年收治的21例高温水泥粉尘烧伤伴吸入性损伤患者，采取认真做好入院急救的护理、及时安全的气道冲洗操作、保证呼吸道的通畅等综合措施。结果 综合措施对所有患者均有不同程度促进呼吸道内水泥粉尘及气道分泌物与脱落物的排出、减少CO2潴留和降低肺部感染发生等作用。其中13例治愈，5例并发创面脓毒症（Sepsis）或多脏器功能障碍（MODS）自动出院，3例并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）于伤后15-36d死亡。结论 早期气管切开后气道反复冲洗是提高吸入性损伤的治愈率有效的治疗手段。     

经皮肾镜术中灌流液吸收及对血液循环和血生化的影响

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石术术中灌流液吸收及其对血循环和血生化的影响。方法ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级经皮肾镜碎石术患者31例,采用0.9%NaCl为灌流液。麻醉前、灌流前及术中每30分钟为记录时间点,监测血压(MBP)、心率(HR)、中心静脉压(CVP);胸电生物阻抗法连续监测心输出量(CO)、每搏输出量(SV)、胸腔液体含量(TFC)、外周阻力(SVR);术前、术后动脉血气分析测血酸碱度(pH)、Na+、K+、Cl-、阴离子间隙(BE)。结果灌流时间平均(172.41±60.84)min,灌流液用量12000～61000mL。HR、CO、SV、SVR变化灌流前后差异无显著性;MBP、CVP、TFC逐渐增高,与灌流前比差异有显著性,TFC与手术时间、灌流液量呈线性正相关。血Na+、K+、Cl-的浓度术前术后差异无显著性,术后44%患者出现代谢性酸中毒。1例肾实质损伤大的病人TFC、CVP急剧增加,静脉使用速尿后好转。31例患者均未出现严重并发症。结论经皮肾镜碎石术中存在灌流液吸收。灌流液吸收对器官代偿功能正常的病人不易引起血循环的显著变化,使用生理盐水作为灌流液也不会引起血生化的改变。