小儿腹泻贴联合蒙脱石散治疗儿童急性腹泻的效果分析

目的:探讨小儿腹泻贴联合蒙脱石散治疗儿童急性腹泻的效果。方法:将65例急性腹泻患儿随机分为对照组与观察组,均给予蒙脱石散剂治疗,仅观察组加用小儿腹泻贴,分析两组治疗后的疗效、腹泻情况(大便次数及性状)并记录呕吐及食欲情况。结果:观察组的总有效率高于对照组(93.9%与71.9%,P<0.05);两组的大便次数无差异,但观察组的大便性状优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的无呕吐率(97.0%与81.3%,P<0.05)及食欲好的百分比(90.9%与68.8%,P<0.05)均高于对照组。结论:小儿腹泻贴联合蒙脱石治疗儿童急性腹泻的效果较好,可在临床治疗中进行推广。     

铒激光在口腔医学中的应用

激光在口腔医学方面的研究已逐步开展起来，其中铒激光在口腔领域的实用性和安全性已得到多方面的认证。本文主要介绍铒激光对牙体组织的热损伤、对牙髓本质及牙骨质的影响。     

唯尔本注射液对哮喘病人T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

对40例接受唯尔本注射液治疗的哮喘病人治疗前后的T淋巴细胞亚群进行了检测,并设对照组20例进行了比较。结果证实唯尔本注射液可以提高哮喘患者外周血T抑制细胞的数目,提示唯尔本是一种可以提高细胞免疫功能的防治哮喘药物。     

In vitro decalcification of aortic valve leaflets with the Er:YSGG laser,Ho:YAG laser,and the cavitron ultrasound surgical aspirator

This study was designed to compare the efficacy of the erbium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er:YSGG) laser and the holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) lasers in debriding calcium from freshly explanted aortic valve leaflets and to compare the Er:YSGG laser with the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Aortic valve leaflets were freshly explanted from patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Initially, 4 leaflets each were debrided with the Er:YSGG and the Ho:YAG lasers to attempt removal of calcium deposits while preserving the underlying integrity of the leaflets and minimizing thermal damage. The Er:YSGG laser was more effective in doing so with less thermal and photoacoustic damage when compared with the Ho:YAG laser. Twelve more leaflets each were then debrided with the Er:YSGG laser and the CUSA. The Er:YSGG laser again proved less injurious to the underlying leaflet. The CUSA-treated leaflets demonstrated shattering and disruption of adjacent tissue as well as collagen fiber exposure. These changes were not seen with the Er:YSGG laser. Because of these properties, the Er:YSGG laser merits further evaluation as a tool for aortic valvuloplasty procedures in selected patients with senescent calcific aortic stenosis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Minimally invasive skin rejuvenation with Erbium: YAG laser used in thermal mode

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a thermal mode Erbium:YAG laser several in-vivo morphological as well as clinical changes were monitored in a multi-center investigation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: An Erbium:YAG laser was used at a thermal mode with sub-ablative fluences of 2.1 and 3.1 J/cm(2) with parallel air cooling to treat either periorbital, perioral rhytides or patients with post-traumatic or acne scars. Two treatments were applied 2 months apart, with follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Photographs were taken before and at each follow-up visit and evaluated by three blinded independent reviewers. Histology and immunohistochemistry for pro-collagen expression were investigated. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before, and at 4, 14, and 28 days after single pass treatment with Erbium:YAG thermal pulses. RESULTS: The improvement of rhytides at 1-3 months follow-up was graded as excellent in 19%, good in 19%, fair in 31%, and no improvement in 31%. At the 6- to 12-month follow-up, the improvement was excellent in 40%, good in 40%, fair in 20%, and no improvement in 0%. The improvement of scars at 3-6 months follow-up was graded as excellent in 50%, good in 25%, fair in 25%, and no improvement in 0%. Intra- and post-operative discomfort was described as mild by the patients. OCT, histological sections and immunohistochemistry demonstrated production of new collagen bundles. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal Erbium:YAG pulses can induce collagen neogenesis, as proved by temperature elevation and morphological changes in the upper dermis. This leads clinically to visible and long lasting reduction of wrinkles and scars after applying multiple passes with minimal side-effects.     

Er:YAG laser cavity preparation and composite resin bonding with a single-component adhesive system: relationship between shear bond strength and microleakage

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the performances of a single-component adhesive system when an Er:YAG laser was used to prepare cavities. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Shear bond strength tests were performed on composite rods bonded with a single-component adhesive system to dentin surfaces prepared using either bur+acid, Er:YAG laser (fluence = 44 J/cm2), or Er:YAG laser+acid. Class V cavities were prepared differently according to the molar surface: buccal surfaces were prepared using a diamond bur, and lingual surfaces using the Er:YAG laser. In group 1, cavity walls were not acid treated after Er:YAG laser preparation. In group 2, only the enamel walls were acid treated. In group 3, all the enamel and dentin walls were acid treated. Microleakage was assessed using a methylene blue dye penetration method. RESULTS: Bond strength values did not differ significantly between the three groups (P = 0.162). Better marginal adaptation was obtained between the composite resin and cavity walls when Er:YAG laser preparation was followed by a total acid etching (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our results supported the use of single-component adhesive systems in cavities prepared using Er:YAG laser. The step of acid etching must be maintained for the whole cavity walls in regard of the microleakage values.     

点阵Er：YAG激光辅助外用麻醉药物传输的临床观察

目的：由于角质层的屏障作用,外用药物很难经皮吸收。铒：钇铝石榴石（Er：YAG）点阵激光通过点状剥脱的模式穿透角质层,破坏了角质层的完整性,可以加速外用药物经皮吸收的速度。本实验旨在验证外用表面麻醉药之前用点阵Er：YAG激光破坏角质层,可以促进表面麻醉药的吸收速度。方法：在31名受试者的左前臂上划出三块相邻的4cm×3cm区域,分别予以Er：YAG激光加表面麻醉药（＂点阵＋麻药＋疼痛＂）,表面麻醉药对照（＂麻药＋疼痛＂）和空白对照干预（＂润肤露＋疼痛＂）。干预后对各区域用YSGG激光治疗,通过受试者对激光治疗的疼痛评分（VAS评分）来验证表面麻醉药的吸收速度。结果：三个区域的疼痛评分分别为2.84±0.66,3.91±0.79,4.59±0.87。激光加表面麻醉药的区域（＂点阵＋麻药＋疼痛＂）疼痛评分显著小于另外两个区域（P值分别为0.042和0.003）。结论：说明点阵Er：YAG激光辅助外用麻醉药物的经皮吸收有效。     

Effect of different power parameters of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on human dentine

The aim of this work was to determine the optimal power setting of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser for cutting human dentine to produce a surface that remains suitable as a foundation on which to build and bond a dental restoration. The cutting efficiency and resulting microhardness of the dentine were evaluated for various laser power settings, and representative samples were examined by SEM. The microhardness of the dentine was significantly reduced by 30–50% (p < 0.05, paired t test) after laser irradiation, irrespective of the power setting used. The mean ablation efficiency increased in proportion to the power setting of the laser. Although the laser power setting did not affect the extent of reduction in microhardness, it did affect the microstructure of human dentine.     

A comparison of the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and rotary instrumention in root canal debridement

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the efficacy of an erbium,chromium: yttrium,scandium,gallium,garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser-powered hydrokinetic system (HKS) versus that of rotary instrumentation for root canal débridement. METHODS: The authors studied four uninstrumented controls and two test groups of 18 matched pairs of teeth. Teeth from each pair underwent different instrumentation but received identical irrigation solutions. The instrumentation protocol involved either rotary instrumentation or the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The irrigation groups received 0.5 milliliter of distilled water or 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) between instruments. The authors measured the amount of debris remaining at 2 and 4 mm from the apex as a percentage of total lumen area. RESULTS: Lased canals had significantly more debris than did canals that received rotary instrumentation (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < .001). With distilled water irrigation, the debris remaining in lased canals at both the 2-and 4-mm levels was not statistically different from that remaining in uninstrumented controls. Rotary instrumentation yielded significantly less remaining debris than did laser instrumentation (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < .001). With 5.25 percent NaOCl irrigation, there was no difference in remaining debris between the two groups (Wilcoxon signed rank test , P < .001). The lased group received significantly more irrigant than did the rotary group (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the débridement efficacy of the HKS with distilled water irrigation is unacceptable; with 5.25 percent NaOCl irrigation, it is similar to that of rotary instrumentation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: If the HKS is to be used for débridement, then NaOCl irrigation must be used for predictable tissue removal.