Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Coke-Plant Wastewater on Ruthenium-Based Eggshell Catalysts in a Bubbling Bed Reactor

Catalytic wet air of coke-plant wastewater was studied in a bubbling bed reactor. Two types of supported Ru-based catalysts, eggshell and uniform catalysts, were employed. Compared with the results in the wet air oxidation of coke-plant wastewater, supported Ru uniform catalysts showed high activity for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia/ammonium compounds (NH3-N) removal at temperature of 250 °C and pressure of 4.8 MPa, and it has been demonstrated that the catalytic activity of uniform catalyst depended strongly on the distribution of active sites of Ru on catalyst. Compared to the corresponding uniform catalysts with the same Ru loading (0.25wt.% and 0.1wt.%, respectively), the eggshell catalysts showed higher activities for CODcr removal and much higher activities for NH3-N degradation. The high activity of eggshell catalyst for treatment of coke-plant wastewater can be attributed to the higher density of active Ru sites in the shell layer than that of the corresponding uniform catalyst with the same Ru loading. It has been also evidenced that the active Ru sites in the internal core of uniform catalyst have very little or no contribution to CODcr and NH3-N removal in the total oxidation of coke-plant wastewater.     

灌胃凤凰衣水解物对膝骨关节炎模型大鼠影响的实验研究

目的：观察灌胃凤凰衣水解物对膝骨关节炎大鼠膝关节的影响,进而考察凤凰衣用于防治OA的合理性及可行性。方法：灌胃凤凰衣水解物及奥泰灵胶囊干预膝骨关节炎大鼠,观察软骨形态及软骨中Collagen-Ⅱ、MMP-β及蛋白多糖的指标变化,以及血清和关节液中IL-6,IL—1β,TNF-α的指标变化。结果：1．各用药组对降低膝骨关节炎大鼠血清IL10、IL-6、TNF-a表达,关节液中TNF-a的表达以及软骨中MMP-3表达,升高Collagen-Ⅱ的表达看,两用药组未见明显差异（P〉0．05）,但均优于模型组（P〈0．01）;2．在提高蛋白多糖含量及降低关节液中IL-6的表达方面,灌胃凤凰衣组优于灌胃奥泰灵组（Pd0．01）;3．在降低关节液中IL-1β的表达方面,灌胃奥泰灵组优于灌胃凤凰衣组（P（0．01）。结论：1．灌胃凤凰衣水解物能降低膝骨关节炎大鼠的炎症因子表达,提高关节软骨中蛋白多糖和Collagen-Ⅱ含量;2．凤凰衣中含有丰富的可以合成软骨基质中蛋白多糖的前体物质,是其改善0A指标的机制之一。     

Ultrasonic appearance of a thyroid nodule invested in eggshell calcification.

The ultrasonic appearance of eggshell calcification in a benign thyroid nodule, including sonography of the pathologic specimen, is presented.     

Some observations on the calcium ion binding to the eggshell matrix

Summary The calcified matrix of the hen eggshell has been demineralized with the EDTA. Aliquots of this material are soluble in water and have been characterized by column chromatography and by chemical analyses.Of particular interest is the high hexosamine and uronic acid content, which confirms the protein-polysaccharide nature of this water-soluble material.The calcium ion binding to the eggshell matrix has been studied by the equilibrium dialysis technique at different pH values, with both free and blocked carboxylic groups. The material with the free carboxylic side chain groups binds more calcium ions with increasing pH value. When the carboxylic groups have been previously blocked with a water-soluble carbodiimide, the calcium ion binding rapidly decreases. The residual capacity to bind calcium ions in the material with the carboxylic functions modified is probably due to the sulfate ions.In agreement with previous observations on other calcified substrates, the calcium ion binding seems to depend on the presence of ionized carboxylic functions of the matrix.     

Purification and immunochemistry of a soluble matrix protein of the chicken eggshell (ovocleidin 17)

The protein components of biomineralized structures (matrix proteins) are believed to modulate crystal nucleation and growth, and theraby influence the shape and strength of the final structure. The chicken eggshell contains a complex array of distinct matrix proteins. The most abundant of these was purified to homogeneity by a combination of anionic exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatographies. Antibodies to this protein were raised in rabbit, and utilized for Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. These studies indicated that the 17 kDa antigen (ovocleidin 17, OC-17) is found in the shell gland mucosa, and that only the tubular gland cells were positive. Immunohistochemistry with decalcified shell indicated that OC-17 is uniformly distributed throughout the shell matrix, but concentrated in the mammillary bodies. Our results indicate that this protein is secreted during shell formation and becomes incorporated into this structure. It may therefore play a role in the crystallization process and influence the properties of the resulting eggshell.     

碳磷灰石鸡蛋壳粉作为骨修复材料的初步研究

目的：研制一种新型的碳磷灰石骨修复材料,初步观察其成骨作用。方法：以鸡蛋壳为原料,采用微波法制备不同加热条件下的骨修复材料,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅立叶红外（FT-IR）和能谱分析（EDXA）手段,表征微波处理前后材料的理化性能。进一步选用新西兰兔制备直径5mm的颅骨全层缺损区,以未经微波处理的鸡蛋壳粉及Bio—Oss作为对照,充填经微波处理后的新型骨修复材料,8周后观察新生骨的生成情况。结果：SEM,XRD,FT-IR和EDXA分析证实：随加热时间延长,材料的微观形态由针状向球状转变,碳磷灰石的特征性波峰也不断增强;研制的新材料含有与人体骨相似的碳、磷和钙成分。动物实验的结果表明,经微波处理的碳磷灰石鸡蛋壳粉充填的缺损区,比未处理组和空白对照组的缺损区有更多的矿化新生骨和较少的未矿化新生骨,接近Bio—Oss的效果。结论：微波加热法能有效地将天然碳酸钙转化为碳磷灰石,该材料有望作为一种潜在的新型骨修复材料。     

Nanoporous of waste avian eggshell to reduce heavy metal and acidity in water

The use of groundwater for drinking water usually faces major constraints in terms of water quality. Groundwater can be contaminated by heavy metals dissolved in groundwater as well as other chemicals that cause increased water acidity levels. This study aims to develop nanoporous eggshells that can absorb heavy metals and neutralize acid content in water. This experimental study performed by preparation of nanopore eggshells from avian and selected the optimum formulation for heavy metal absorption and neutralized water acidity using conductivity test and pH meter. The selected formulation of nanoporous eggshell will be characterized using scanning electron microscope. The performance of nanoporous eggshell also evaluated. The result showed that the duck eggshell has a better effectiveness than chicken and quail eggshell. In addition, the optimum formula for nanoporous eggshell preparation consists of 0.3 M sodium hypochlorite and 0.1 M HCl with percent absorption of heavy metals by 26.83 and neutralization of acids by 59.18. The characteristic of nanoporous eggshell indicated that the nanopore-sized less than 1.0 µm. Nanoporous eggshells have a better ability in absorbing heavy metal and neutralizing the water acidity.     

同位素稀释技术比较六种不同钙剂的生物利用度

目的测定和比较6种不同的有机和无机钙剂的真正吸收率和生物利用度。方法采用同位素稀释技术。在2w的代谢研究中,60只生长期雄性SD大鼠,肌肉注射45Ca后,分为6组,每组10只,分别饲喂含柠檬酸钙、乳酸钙、醋酸钙、牡蛎壳粉、蛋壳粉和β-磷酸三钙的人工半合成饲料。6种饲料中含钙、磷、镁的量均相同,分别为2.8,5.3和0.65g/kg。结果柠檬酸钙、乳酸钙和醋酸钙等有机形式钙的真正吸收率和生物利用度（真正吸收率分别为98.8,98.3和98.6%;生物利用度分别为96.8,96.0和96.8%）略高于生物碳酸钙类的牡蛎壳和蛋壳（真正吸收率分别为97.7和96.3%;生物利用度分别为95.3和93.8%）以及无机类的β-磷酸三钙（94.9和92.0%）。然而,从实际应用角度衡量,所观察的6种钙剂均显示很高的吸收率和生物利用度。结论可以认为,膳食钙的化学形式并不是影响钙生物利用度的主要因素。     

日本血吸虫(大陆株)卵壳蛋白编码基因的克隆和序列测定

目的：克隆和鉴定日本血吸虫虫卵卵壳蛋白（SjEP）编码基因，以寻找血吸虫新的候选疫苗和诊断分子。方法：设计合成引物，分别以日本血吸虫雌、雄成虫cDNA第一链为模板，用PCR法从中扩增出SjEP基因编码序列，将其克隆入pGEM-T载体，用双酶切、以质粒为模板进行PCR扩增和测序进行鉴定。结果：PCR法从雌虫cDNA中扩增出大小为624bp SjEP基因编码序列，重组质粒pGEM-SjEP经双酶切、以质粒为模板进行PCR扩增，均可获得一条与PCR产物一致的DNA片段，序列测定结果表明具有一个长度为624bp的完整开放阅读框，与日本血吸虫（菲律宾株）虫卵卵壳蛋白核苷酸序列有高度同源性（99．9％）。结论：本实验成功地克隆了SjEP编码基因，并进行了序列测定，为进一步研究提供了条件。     

后路扩大"蛋壳"技术行畸形脊椎切除矫治重度成人先天性脊柱侧后凸

目的探讨后路经椎弓根扩大"蛋壳"技术行畸形脊椎切除矫治重度成人先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者的早期临床效果.方法2003年5月～2005年5月,我院骨科收治重度成人先天性脊柱侧后凸患者16例,男6例,女10例;平均年龄31.8岁(21.5～44.2岁).侧凸Cobb角70°～125°,平均85°,后凸Cobb角72°～110°,平均88°.均采用单纯后路扩大"蛋壳"技术切除侧后凸顶椎(包括顶椎邻近的头尾侧楔变的脊椎),截骨节段上下方各应用2～3对椎弓根螺钉固定,通过器械加压矫形关闭切除后形成的间隙.观察手术前后侧后凸的矫正率、术中脊柱短缩、术后站立位身高变化及术后整体平衡情况.结果本组患者平均切除1.6个(1～3个)椎体,术中测量脊柱短缩32mm(28～48mm),术后身高测量较术前增加22mm(13～31mm),平均融合范围9.2(6～12)个节段,手术平均用时256min(208～350min),术中平均出血量2250ml(1800～3200ml).全部病例经过0.5～2.5年随访,侧凸Cobb角矫正率52.3%;后凸畸形矫正率75.1%.所有患者躯干平衡良好,未发现失代偿现象.2例出现一过性脊髓损伤症状,2例出现术中神经根损伤症状,未经特殊处理均基本恢复正常.结论对于重度成人先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者,单纯应用后路经椎弓根扩大"蛋壳"技术行畸形脊椎切除是一种较安全有效的矫治方法.