米索前列醇应用于晚期妊娠引产的临床研究

目的 :研究孕激素受体拮抗剂米索前列醇对妊娠晚期引产的效果。方法 :采用双盲对照法 ,选择晚期妊娠无米索前列醇禁忌证 6 0例为研究组 ,采用阴道给药总量 1 0 0mg ;另选择有关参数相同的 6 0例 ,应用催产素 ,两组观察相关指标体系进行比较。结果 :引产效果 ,分娩时间 ,宫颈评分等指标研究组均优于对照组。结论 :米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产效果优 ,安全     

Cyanide and migratory birds at gold mines in Nevada,USA

Since the mid-1980s, cyanide in heap leach solutions and mill tailings ponds at gold mines in Nevada has killed a large but incompletely documented number of wildlife (>9,500 individuals, primarily migratory birds). This field investigation documents the availability of cyanide at a variety of typical Nevada gold mines during 1990 and 1991, describes wildlife reactions to cyanide solutions, and discusses procedures for eliminating wildlife loss from cyanide poisoning. Substantial progress has been made to reduce wildlife loss. About half of the mill tailings ponds (some up to 150 ha) in Nevada have been chemically treated to reduce cyanide concentrations (the number needing treatment is uncertain) and many of the smaller heap leach solution ponds and channels are now covered with netting to exclude birds and most mammals. The discovery of a cyanide gradient in mill tailings ponds (concentration usually 2–3 times higher at the inflow point than at reclaim point) provides new insight into wildlife responses (mortality) observed in different portions of the ponds. Finding dead birds on the tops of ore heaps and associated with solution puddling is a new problem, but management procedures for eliminating this source of mortality are available. A safe threshold concentration of cyanide to eliminate wildlife loss could not be determined from the field data and initial laboratory studies. New analytical methods may be required to assess further the wildlife hazard of cyanide in mining solutions.     

吡哌酸锌对实验烧伤愈合的影响

目的观察吡哌酸锌软膏促进烧伤愈合的作用。方法用230℃的圆铁板造成大鼠背部烧伤,以不同浓度的吡哌酸锌及磺胺嘧啶银霜、磺胺嘧啶锌软膏、吡哌酸软膏、软膏基质每日涂药一次,连续15d。d16测量未愈合烧伤创面面积。结果吡哌酸锌软膏及磺胺嘧啶锌软膏均能明显促进创面愈合,两者之间无显著差异（P＞0．05）,但磺胺嘧啶银霜、吡哌酸软膏等促进创面愈合作用不明显（P＞0．05）。结论吡哌酸锌软膏能明显促进烧伤创面的愈合。     

髓质海绵肾X线诊断12例

目的：提高对髓质海绵肾Ｘ线表现的认识。方法：报告１２例髓质海绵肾的Ｘ线平片和ＩＶＰ所见,并作文献复习。结果：本病的Ｘ线平片和ＩＶＰ均有特征性改变。结论：Ｘ线平片和ＩＶＰ是诊断髓质海绵肾的首选方法。     

Organization of nucleoli and nuclear bodies in osmotically stimulated supraoptic neurons of the rat

This study has analyzed variations in the number of nucleoli and nuclear bodies, as well as in their ultrastructural and cytochemical organization, after the osmotically induced activation of supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons of the rat. The number of nucleoli and nuclear bodies and also the nucleolar size were determined on smear preparations of previously block-impregnated SON. The mean number of nucleoli per cell was 1.35 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SDM) in control rats. No significant variations in this value were registered either in dehydrated or rehydrated rats. The mean nucleolar volume and the total nucleolar volume per cell showed a significant increase in dehydrated rats with respect to the controls, whereas these two parameters tended to return to control values in rats rehydrated after dehydration. The mean number of nuclear bodies per cell increased significantly from 0.56 +/- 0.50 (mean +/- SDM) in control rats to 1.54 +/- 1.1 after 6 days of dehydration. By electron microscopy, SON neurons displayed a reticulated nucleolar configuration. After the osmotically induced neuronal activation, there was an increase in the proportion of the total nucleolar area occupied by the granular component, and also a reduction in the mean fibrillar-center area. The most characteristic nucleolar features in rehydrated rats were the tendency for the granular component to be segregated and the occurrence of intranucleolar vacuoles. Ultrastructural cytochemistry with a specific silver method revealed a selective silver reaction on the coiled threads of the nuclear bodies--identified as "coiled bodies"--and on the nucleolar fibrillar components in all animal groups studied. Since nucleoli play a major role in ribosome biogenesis, a relationship between these nucleolar changes and the level of cellular activity of SON neurons is proposed. Furthermore, the response of nuclear "coiled bodies" to neuronal activation suggests their participation in the processing and transport of rRNA precursors.     

海绵动物的生物活性产物及其药理作用

概括来源于海洋海绵动物中新发现的36种生物活性次生代谢产物，阐述其化学成分及药理作用的研究进展。其化学成分具有生物碱、甾醇、萜类、大环内酯、肽类等。经药效评价且有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤以及心血管活性等药理作用。这些具明显药理作用的生理活性化合物，作为新药先导化合物进行研究开发，具有良好的应用前景。     

南海海绵Cinachyrella australiensis活性成分研究

从中国南海海绵Cinachyrella australiensis的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离出3个化合物，应用IR、^1H—NMR、^13C—NMR和MS等光谱分析技术，确定它们为鲨肝醇（Ⅰ)，胆甾4—烯—3—酮(Ⅱ)和α—23烷—甘油醚(Ⅲ)。本文是首次报道该种海绵化学成分研究。     

环氧乙烷消毒的明胶海绵对耳螺旋神经节细胞的毒性研究

目的：研究并观察环氧乙烷消毒的明胶海绵对耳螺旋神经节细胞的毒性作用。方法：用比色法测定明胶海绵的环氧乙烷残留量，通过透射电镜观察明胶海绵放置豚鼠听泡内3个月后，耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞的超微结构变化。结果：明胶海绵的环氧乙烷残留量平均为438.32mg。螺旋神经节超微结构显示：Ⅰ型螺旋神经节细胞线粒体基质电子密度增大，嵴模糊不清，细胞质内出现空泡样结构，部分神经节细胞及其外周的卫星细胞溶解破坏，呈典型细胞死亡征象，卫星细胞髓鞘松解。出现空化。结论：明胶海绵的环氧乙烷残留量高出国家标准约40倍，其耳毒性接近氨基糖甙类灌注的毒性作用。     

Haemoconcentration by gelatin-induced acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Erythrocyte sedimentation rates from 40 suspensions of packed red blood cells in modified fluid gelatin, 4% albumin solution, 6% hydroxyethyl starch and normal saline were measured at room temperature using Westergren's method. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was extremely high in gelatin and this increase was significant after 10-60 min when compared with the other fluids. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates in albumin, hydroxyethyl starch and normal saline were low and there were no differences between these fluids [erythrocyte sedimentation after 60 min, median (interquartile range): gelatin 128 (111.2-130.0) mm, albumin 2 (1.5-2.0) mm, hydroxyethyl starch 1.5 (1.0-1.6) mm, normal saline 2 (1.9-2.5) mm, p < 0.0001]. The addition of twice the volume of modified fluid gelatin to a volume of red blood cells leads to rapid acceleration of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This is caused by increased erythrocyte aggregation, and in clinical practice this effect may be useful for the haemoconcentration of diluted blood from cardiopulmonary bypass circuits or cell-saver autotransfusion in paediatric surgery.     

ELISA法与胶体金法检测健康人群抗-HCV的实验研究

〔目的〕为早期发现健康人群丙型肝炎感染状况 ,对漯河市无偿献血人员进行丙型肝炎病毒抗体 (抗 -HCV)检测 ,为安全输血制订丙型肝炎预防措施提供参考依据。〔方法〕采用酶联免疫法 (ELISA)与胶体金法两种方法进行比较。〔结果〕2年 ( 2 0 0 1-2 0 0 2年 )检测献血人员 1682 8人 ,ELISA法阳性 13 3份 ,阳性率 0 .79% ;胶体金法阳性 13 0份 ,阳性率 0 .77%。符合率 97.74% ,二者阳性结果无显著性差异 ( χ2 =0 .0 14 ,P >0 .0 5 )两种方法阴性对照结果一致 ,符合率10 0 %。〔结论〕胶体金法检测抗 -HCV ,具有操作简便 ,观察直观、快速、省时。其特异性、敏感性均达到ELISA水平。可作为筛查无偿献血人员丙型肝炎病毒抗体的重要手段。对丙型肝炎的早期发现 ,预防及控制有重要价值和意义。