某院尿路感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的研究尿路感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性,为临床使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法收集2011年1月至2014年6月尿培养阳性菌株,应用M icro Scan Walk Aw ay40细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统对分离菌进行鉴定及药敏测定,根据CLSI 2014版标准判断药敏结果,用WHONET 5.6软件进行数据分析。结果共分离出2 028株病原菌,革兰阴性杆菌占65.3%,革兰阳性球菌占22.1%,真菌占12.6%。革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南、美洛培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦较敏感。屎肠球菌对所测试抗菌药物耐药率显著高于其他肠球菌,未发现耐万古霉素、利奈唑胺的革兰阳性球菌。结论尿路感染病原菌分布广泛,仍以革兰阴性杆菌为主,细菌耐药谱有较大差异,建议临床医生根据病原学监测资料有针对性地选择抗菌药物。     

基层医院阑尾手术围手术期预防性抗菌药物合理使用的评估和干预研究

目的：探讨干预阑尾手术围手术期预防性抗菌药物的使用情况对术后感染发生率等的影响,以达到促进抗菌药物合理使用的目的。方法160例阑尾手术患者分为对照组和干预组,各80例,对照组患者的围手术期用药未经过系统干预,干预组患者的围手术期用药经系统干预。对比术后感染发生率的变化,统计出两组在围手术期抗菌药物使用的用药时间、用药合理性变化情况。结果干预组患者经过系统的用药干预,平均用药时间、术后感染发生率均明显低于对照组,合理用药率高于对照组,经比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论系统干预可以明显提高基层医院阑尾手术围手术期预防性抗菌药物使用的合理性,值得临床推广应用。     

抗菌薇乔缝线在预防胃肠急诊手术切口感染中的应用研究

目的探讨抗菌薇乔缝线在胃肠急诊外科手术切口感染预防中的作用,为减少胃肠急诊手术治疗切口感染提供参考。方法选取2010年1月-2014年1月收治的160例胃肠急诊手术患者作为观察对象,根据住院号随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各80例,观察组采用抗菌薇乔缝线缝合,对照组采用传统丝线缝合,比较影响两组患者切口愈合的危险因素及切口感染率。结果术后3~20d,观察组切口感染2例,感染率2.50%,对照组切口感染9例,感染率11.25%,观察组切口感染率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ类切口的感染率观察组为1.25%、对照组为8.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅱ类切口感染率两组比较,差异无统计学意义;患者手术时间>120 min的感染率观察组为1.25%、对照组则为10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),<120min时,两组患者切口感染率差异无统计学意义。结论抗菌薇乔缝线与普通缝线相比,可降低手术时间≥120min和Ⅲ类切口胃肠急诊手术患者的切口感染率。     

抗菌药物不良反应81例分析

目的：分析医院抗菌药物不良反应（ADR）相关因素,促进合理用药。方法对医院2013年收集上报的81例抗菌药物 ADR 进行回顾性统计分析。结果 ADR 81例,喹诺酮类引起 ADR 最多（46,91％）,给药途径以静脉滴注引起 ADR 最常见（91,36％）,临床表现以皮肤及其附件损害居多（69,14％）。结论抗菌药物 ADR 发生主要与患者年龄、给药途径、给药频次相关。应重视抗菌药物 ADR 报告与监测工作,保障用药安全。     

某医院2019年亚胺培南西司他丁钠用药情况分析

目的:了解并评价亚胺培南西司他丁在我院住院患者中临床应用合理性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,对我院2019年1–12月使用该药的140例出院病例信息进行整理,收集患者基本信息及该药应用情况,并根据特殊使用级抗菌药物的相关文件评价药物的合理性。结果:140例出院病例中,亚胺培南西司他丁不合理使用率为30.71%。28例无适应证用药,15例用法用量不适宜,28例给药前未进行病原学检测,2例未进行评估和动态监测,132例无会诊记录。结论:我院特殊使用级抗菌药物管理存在一定缺陷。针对存在的问题,临床药师应加强合理用药宣传并及时与医师进行沟通,以确保抗菌药物的规范使用。     

Nitric oxide integrated polyethylenimine-based tri-block copolymer for efficient antibacterial activity

The work demonstrated a successful synthesis of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing material and its antibacterial effect on Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli), Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The polymeric support composed of thermosensitive Pluronic F68 having good biocompatibility and branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) housed N-diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) which could store and release NO under appropriate physiological condition. The developed F68–BPEI–NONOates releases a sufficient amount of NO under physiological condition to elicit effective killing of E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA. The antibacterial ability of the released NO was compared to untreated control or unmodified F68 polymer by using confocal microscopy; F68–BPEI–NONOates demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity with in vitro low cytotoxicity. TEM investigation also revealed the destruction of bacteria membrane caused by NO. The effectiveness of F68–BPEI–NONOates against resistant strains such as MRSA provides a very simple but highly efficient strategy to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections.     

Two antibacterial C-type lectins from crustacean, Eriocheir sinensis, stimulated cellular encapsulation in vitro

The first step of host fighting against pathogens is that pattern recognition receptors recognized pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, the specificity of recognition within the innate immune molecular of invertebrates remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated how invertebrate pattern recognition receptor (PRR) C-type lectins might be involved in the antimicrobial response in crustacean. Based on our previously obtained completed coding regions of EsLecA and EsLecG in Eriocheir sinensis, the recombinant EsLectin proteins were produced via prokaryotic expression system and affinity chromatography. Subsequently, both rEsLecA and rEsLecG were discovered to have wide spectrum binding activities towards microorganisms, and their microbial-binding was calcium-independent. Moreover, the binding activities of both rEsLecA and rEsLecG induced the aggregation against microbial pathogens. Both microorganism growth inhibitory activities assays and antibacterial activities assays revealed their capabilities of suppressing microorganisms growth and directly killing microorganisms respectively. Furthermore, the encapsulation assays signified that both rEsLecA and rEsLecG could stimulate the cellular encapsulation in vitro. Collectively, data presented here demonstrated the successful expression and purification of two C-type lectins proteins in the Chinese mitten crab, and their critical role in the innate immune system of an invertebrate.     

Morpholinium-based ionic liquids show antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen. It is classified by WHO as one of the most life-threatening pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Some of its clinical isolates and their subpopulations show high persistence to many antibiotics that are recommended by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Thus, there is a need for non-traditional classes of antibiotics to fight the increasing threat of MDR P. aeruginosa. Ionic liquids (IL) are one such promising class of novel antibiotics. We selected four strains of P. aeruginosa and studied the growth inhibition and other effects of 12 different ILs. We used the well-characterized P. aeruginosa PAO1 (ATCC 15692) as model strain and compared it to three other isolates from chronic lung infection (LES B58), skin burn infection (UCBPP-PA14) and keratitis infection (39016), respectively. The ILs consisted of either 4,4-didecylmorpholinium [Dec₂Mor]⁺ or 4-decyl-4-ethylmorpholinium [DecEtMor]⁺ cations combined with different anions. We found that the ILs with 4,4-didecylmorpholinium [Dec₂Mor]⁺ cations most effectively inhibited bacterial growth as well as reduced strain fitness and virulence factor production. Our results indicate that these ILs could be used to treat P. aeruginosa infections.     

Titanium dioxide nanotubes with triazine-methacrylate monomer to improve physicochemical and biological properties of adhesives

ObjectiveFormulate experimental adhesives containing titanium dioxide nanotubes (nt-TiO₂) or titanium dioxide nanotubes with a triazine-methacrylate monomer (nt-TiO₂:TAT) and evaluate the effect of these fillers on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the adhesives.MethodsFirst, nt-TiO₂ were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The nt-TiO₂ were mixed with a triazine-methacrylate monomer (TAT) to formulate nt-TiO₂:TAT, which were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nt-TiO₂, TAT, and nt-TiO₂:TAT were evaluated via Fourier Transform Infrared, Ultraviolet–visible, and micro-Raman spectroscopies. An experimental adhesive resin was formulated with bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylates, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and photoinitiator/co-initiator system. nt-TiO₂ or nt-TiO₂:TAT were incorporated at 2.5 wt.% and 5 wt.% in the adhesive. The base resin without nt-TiO₂ or nt-TiO₂:TAT was used as a control group. The adhesives were evaluated for antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, polymerization kinetics, degree of conversion (DC), Knoop hardness, softening in solvent (ΔKHN%), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 24 h- and 1 year- microtensile bond strength (μ-TBS).ResultsTEM confirmed the nanotubular morphology of TiO₂. FTIR, UV–vis, and micro-Raman analyses showed the characteristic peaks of each material, indicating the impregnation of TAT in the nt-TiO₂. Adhesives with nt-TiO₂:TAT showed antimicrobial activity against biofilm formation compared to control (p < 0.05), without differences in the viability of planktonic bacteria (p > 0.05). All groups showed high percentages of pulp cell viability. The polymerization kinetics varied among groups, but all presented DC above 50%. The addition of 5 wt.% of nt-TiO₂ and both groups containing nt-TiO₂:TAT showed higher values ??of Knoop hardness compared to the control (p < 0.05). The groups with nt-TiO₂:TAT presented lower ΔKHN% (p < 0.05) and higher UTS (p < 0.05) than the control group. After one year, the group with 5 wt.% of nt-TiO₂, as well as both groups containing nt-TiO₂:TAT, showed higher μ-TBS than the control (p < 0.05).SignificanceThe mixing of a triazine-methacrylate monomer with the nt-TiO₂ generated a filler that improved the physicochemical properties of the adhesive resins and provided antibacterial activity, which could assist in preventing carious lesions around tooth-resin interfaces. The set of physical, chemical, and biological properties of the formulated polymer, together with the greater stability of the bond strength over time, make nt-TiO₂:TAT a promising filler for dental adhesive resins.     

The effect of new anti-adhesive and antibacterial dental resin filling materials on gingival fibroblasts

ObjectiveAim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of four experimental antiadhesive and antibacterial dental filling composites on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).MethodsFor these experimental resin composites a delivery system based on novel polymeric hollow beads, loaded with Tego Protect (Aa1), Dimethicone (Aa2), Irgasan (Ab1) and methacrylated polymerizable Irgasan (Ab2) as active agents was used. The cultured HGFs’ cell integrity, proliferation, viability, collagen synthesis and cytokine release were measured. For this purpose, human gingival fibroblasts were treated with eluates from all four composites and compared with an experimental standard composite (ST). Eluate extraction times 24 h and 168 h were chosen.ResultsStatistical analysis was conducted via a mixed model. Both antibacterial composites reduced proliferation, collagen and cytokine synthesis significantly (p < 0.05), increasing with time of elution. Ab1 did also have a damaging effect on the membrane and on cell viability.SignificanceOverall, it can be concluded that the antiadhesive composites showed clear advantages over the antibacterial composites in terms of biocompatibility. This study also continues to show the potential of the new poly-pore system, as it can be used for a variety of other applications in future composite mixtures.