妊娠晚期绝对羊水过少阴道分娩的分娩结局与护理对策

目的通过对67例妊娠晚期绝对羊水过少孕妇阴道分娩结局的分析，总结该类孕妇分娩期的护理措施。方法对67例妊娠晚期绝对羊水过少孕妇病例进行回顾性分析，分娩前充分的评估，确定胎儿的储备，根据宫颈条件不同，采取不同的分娩方式，第一产程严密产程观察，注意孕妇体能的储备，及时处理异常，密切注意胎心的变化，破水后采取有利的体位，减少羊水的流出，并与同时期正常妊娠孕妇67例进行比较。结果67例孕妇均顺利分娩，且得到了良好的分娩结局。结论对妊娠晚期绝对羊水过少孕妇分娩前充分评估，严密产程观察，可以得到良好分娩结局，可明显降低剖宫产率。     

Predicting healthcare expenditure by multimorbidity groups

Objectives

This article has two main purposes. Firstly, to model the integrated healthcare expenditure for the entire population of a health district in Spain, according to multimorbidity, using Clinical Risk Groups (CRG). Secondly, to show how the predictive model is applied to the allocation of health budgets.

前牙压低技术在深覆(牙合)患者矫治中的应用进展

深覆(牙合)的治疗是口腔正畸矫治的难点之一.对于伴有垂直生长型、长面型或上唇过短、露龈笑的患者,就更需要医生进行细致诊断,合理选择矫治方法和器械.通过单纯地压低前牙能较为有效地治疗该类患者的深覆(牙合)畸形.目前,临床常用的压低前牙的方法主要有三段式片段弓技术、多用途弓技术、J钩联合高位牵引技术和微种植支抗技术等.本文...     

Rate of intrusion of maxillary incisors in Class II Div 1 malocclusion using skeletal anchorage device and Connecticut intrusion arch

BackgroundNonsurgical correction of deep bite involves either extrusion of posterior teeth, intrusion of incisors, or combination of both. The introduction of skeletal anchorage device with microimplant provides near absolute anchorage without producing any untoward effects on anchor unit. Connecticut Intrusion Arch (CIA) provided an efficient system of intruding anterior segment without producing much adverse affects on anchor teeth.MethodsThe study comprised of 30 patients of Class II Div 1 malocclusion with overbite of >6 mm and required therapeutic extractions of all first premolars, randomly distributed into two groups. Group 1 was treated using orthodontic microimplants, while Group 2 treated with CIA. Lateral cephalograms were taken pre-intrusion (T1) and post-intrusion at the end of six months (T2).ResultsThe rate of intrusion was 0.51 and 0.34 mm/month for Group 1 and Group 2 respectively. The average amount of change in centroid point to PP distance and U1-SN angle was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (P < 0.001). The average amount of change in U6 to PP distance did not differ significantly between two study groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe amount of intrusion is significantly higher in SAD group. Although vertical molar positional change was higher in CIA group than the SAD group, it was not changed significantly in both treatment modalities. SAD group overall had better results and was easier in handling during intrusion.     

Effects of FRAX Model Calibration on Intervention Rates: A Simulation Study

The WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX^®) estimates an individual’s 10-yr major osteoporotic and hip fracture probabilities using a tool customized to the fracture epidemiology of a specific population. Incorrect model calibration could therefore affect performance of the model in clinical practice. The current analysis was undertaken to explore how simulated miscalibration in the FRAX^® tool would affect the numbers of individuals meeting specific intervention criteria (10-yr major osteoporotic fracture probability ≥20%, 10-yr hip fracture probability ≥3%). The study cohort included 36,730 women and 2873 men aged 50 yr and older with FRAX^® probability estimates using femoral neck bone mineral density. We simulated relative miscalibration error in 10% increments from −50% to +50% relative to a correctly calibrated FRAX^® model. We found that small changes in model calibration (even on the order of 10%) had large effects on the number of individuals qualifying for treatment. There was a steep gradient in the relationship between relative change in calibration and relative change in intervention rates: for every 1% change in calibration, there was a 2.5% change in intervention rates for women and 4.1% for men. For hip fracture probability, the gradient of the relationship was closer to unity. These results highlight the importance of FRAX^® model calibration, and speak to the importance of using high-quality fracture epidemiology in constructing FRAX^® tools.     

Clinical applications of miniscrews that broaden the scope of non-surgical orthodontic treatment

Previously, in the case of malocclusion owing to skeletal discrepancy in adults, the amount of tooth movement was limited since there was no reliable skeletal anchorage device. The only way to treat this case was by repositioning the maxilla and mandible via orthognathic surgery, but most patients are reluctant to undergo surgery owing to the risk and expenses incurred. However, with the current introduction and use of miniscrews as temporary anchorage devices, the entire dental arch can be relocated to a target position without surgery, thus broadening the scope of non-surgical orthodontic treatment compared to the past. For a non-surgical approach to improve skeletal discrepancy, anteroposterior, vertical and transverse displacements of the dental arch are necessary. In this case, the localization of the centre of resistance of the whole arch must precede the appliance design with an appropriate biomechanical design. Especially, in the transverse dimension, the envelope of discrepancy is reportedly narrow, and the tooth movement must accompany the orthopaedic correction involving the midpalatal suture expansion. Recently, in adults with transverse maxillomandibular discrepancy, miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) can be performed. Moreover, compared to surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion, MARPE reduces the cost to the patient and achieves clinically acceptable stable maxillary expansion. In this article, we will discuss the role of total arch movement and MARPE in widening the scope of non-surgical orthodontic treatment, despite the inherent limitations of miniscrews' mechanical aspects.     

NLR、PCT、CRP联合检测对早期COVID-19的诊断价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、降钙素原(PCT)和C反应蛋白(CRP)对早期新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的诊断价值。方法选取咸宁市第一人民医院230例疑似COVID-19患者,根据胸部电子计算机断层扫描(CT)、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)核酸、病毒血清学抗体和血培养检测结果将患者分为COVID-19组(80例)、感冒组(100例)和细菌组(50例),比较3个组白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞绝对数(NEUT#)、淋巴细胞绝对数(LYMPH#)、淋巴细胞百分比(LYMPH%)、嗜酸性粒细胞绝对数(EO#)、NLR、PCT、CRP水平。结果与感冒组相比,COVID-19组NLR、CRP水平较高,LYMPH%、LYMPH#、EO#水平较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与细菌组相比,COVID-19组LYMPH#、EO#、NEUT#、PCT、WBC计数较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对3个组患者分层比例进行比较发现,与感冒组相比,COVID-19组患者WBC计数<4.00×109/L、LYMPH#<0.80×109/L、LYMPH%<20%、EO#<0.05×109/L、NLR>3.0、CRP≥10.00 mg/L比例较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与细菌组相比,COVID-19组患者WBC计数<4.00×109/L、NEUT#<2.00×109/L、LYMPH#<0.80×109/L、EO#<0.05×109/L比例较高,WBC计数>10.00×109/L、NEUT#>7.00×109/L、EO#>0.50×109/L、PCT≥0.50 ng/mL比例较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论LYMPH#减少、PCT正常、NLR和CRP增高是COVID-19早期标志,联合检测可作为SARS-CoV-2核酸检测的补充。     

A Comparative Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes of Mild Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Between Facemask and Facemask in Combination with a Miniscrew For Anchorage in Growing Patients: A Single-center,Prospective Randomized Controlled trial

ObjectivesTo investigate the hypothesis that there is difference in the treatment outcomes of milder skeletal Class III malocclusion between facemask and facemask in combination with a miniscrew in growing patients.Materials and MethodsPatients were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, the patients were treated with facemask therapy (FM group: 12 males, eight females, average age: 10 years, 5 months ± 1 year, 8 months). In the other group, patients were treated with facemask therapy along with a miniscrew (FM+MS group: 12 males, seven females, average age: 11 years, 1 month ± 1 year, 3 months). A lingual arch with hooks was fixed to the maxillary arch in both groups and a protractive force of 500 g was applied from the facemask to the hooks. The patients were instructed to use the facemask for 12 hours per day. In the FM+MS group, a miniscrew was inserted into the palate and fixed to the lingual arch.ResultsMobility and loosening of the miniscrew were not observed during treatment. Lateral cephalometric analysis showed that SNA, SN-ANS, and ANB values were significantly increased in the FM+MS group compared with those for the FM group (SNA, 1.1° SN-ANS, 1.3° ANB, 0.8°). Increase in proclination of maxillary incisors was significantly greater in the FM group than in the FM+MS group (U1-SN, 5.0°).ConclusionsDuring treatment of milder skeletal Class III malocclusion, facemask therapy along with a miniscrew exhibits fewer negative side effects and delivers orthopedic forces more efficiently to the maxillary complex than facemask therapy alone.