~1H-MRS对肺癌脑转移瘤患者放疗疗效的评价

目的:通过测量肺癌脑转移瘤瘤体放射治疗前后MRS代谢物浓度,探讨1 H-MRS代谢物浓度的变化对肺癌脑转移瘤放疗疗效评价的价值。方法:选取经临床及影像学证实的原发性肺癌脑转移患者,患者于放疗前、后均行MRI增强扫描及MRS。将放疗后脑转移瘤的代谢物浓峰比值Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA行配对t检验,同时在治疗前后对肺癌脑转移患者进行Karnofsky(卡氏,KPS,百分法)功能状态评分,将放疗前后脑转移瘤瘤体代谢物比值的变化与KPS评分的变化进行相关性分析。结果:放疗前后转移瘤各峰比值的差值(d)为1.92±0.58,通过对d行正态性检验,2组间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.020 7)。结论:1 H-MRS可定量评估肺癌脑转移患者的治疗效果,对其疗效判定有一定的参考价值。     

Lower motor neuron paralysis with extensive cord atrophy in parainfectious acute transverse myelitis

We describe a young patient of acute transverse myelitis (ATM) who developed true lower motor neuron (LMN) type flaccid paraplegia as a result of anterior horn cell damage in the region of cord inflammation that extended from conus upwards up to the D4 transverse level. We infer that flaccidity in acute phase of ATM is not always due to spinal shock and may represent true LMN paralysis particularly if the long segment myelits is severe and extending up to last spinal segment.     

The MR imaging diagnosis of liver diseases using gadoxetic acid: Emphasis on hepatobiliary phase

Hepatocyte specific contrast agents including gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine are very useful to diagnose various benign and malignant focal hepatic lesions and even helpful to estimate hepatic functional reservoir. The far delayed phase image referred to as the hepatobiliary phase makes the sensitivity of detection for malignant focal hepatic lesions increased, but specificity of malignant diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis and cholangiocarcinoma, characterization remained to be undetermined.     

von Hippel-Lindau disease: Deafness due to a non-MRI-visible endolymphatic sac tumor despite targeted screening

Abstract

Objective: Endolymphatic sac tumours (ELSTs) of the inner ear occur in 16% of patients with the hereditary tumor syndrome von Hippel-Lindau disease (vHL). ELSTs of all sizes can cause irreversible hearing loss which can, however, be prevented through early diagnosis and treatment. We aim to emphasize the challenges of prophylactic ELST screening and to explore the role of audiometry in pre-symptomatic ELST screening. Design: For a period of 17 years our patient was screened for ELSTs with inner-ear MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), audiometry, and clinical interviews. Study sample: A male vHL patient who became deaf in one ear due to a radiologically undetectable ELST. Results: Despite annual MRIs, the ELST was not visible until four months after onset of deafness when it appeared as a 1.4 × 1.4 mm tumor mass. Although his hearing was objectively within normal limits for the first 14 years, a distinct pattern of low-frequency hearing loss could retrospectively be seen at all audiometries. Conclusions: Audiometry is a candidate screening tool for detection of non-symptomatic pre-MRI-visible ELSTs, and we have initiated an international collaborative study to further determine its application. At present, we suggest an ELST screening protocol of yearly audiological assessment and inner ear MRI.     

MRI放射状扫描成像诊断半月板撕裂的价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨MRI放射状扫描序列对膝关节半月板撕裂的诊断价值及对临床治疗的指导意义。方法 回顾性分析58 例疑有膝关节半月板撕裂患者的MRI常规扫描及放射状扫描图像,两者相互比较,并将常规扫描诊断结果、常规和放射状扫描两者相互结合后的结果分别与关节镜结果对比分析。结果 常规扫描序列和放射状扫描序列对半月板撕裂的诊断结果无统计学差异;放射状扫描和常规扫描相结合能增加诊断的敏感性和特异性。MRI常规检查(常规扫描结合放射状扫描)对于内侧半月板前角、体部及后角撕裂的诊断灵敏度分别为62.50%(62.50%),80.90%(95.23%),72.72%(78.78%);特异度为98.00%(94.00%),89.19%(78.37%),92.30%(92.30%)。MRI常规检查(常规扫描结合放射状扫描)对于外侧半月板前角、体部及后角撕裂的诊断灵敏度分别为64.28%(78.57%),76.47%(88.00%),82.35%(94.11%);特异度为97.72%(96.45%),92.68%(85.36%),97.56%(97.56%)。结论 MRI 常规扫描结合放射状扫描对半月板边缘部、近根部的损伤以及半月板损伤的细节显示优于常规扫描,二者结合可减少假阴性率和假阳性率,放射状扫描序列可作为重要的辅助诊断方法。     

Large-scale analysis of interindividual variability in single and paired-pulse TMS data

ObjectiveThis study brought together over 60 transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) researchers to create the largest known sample of individual participant single and paired-pulse TMS data to date, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of factors driving response variability.MethodsAuthors of previously published studies were contacted and asked to share deidentified individual TMS data. Mixed-effects regression investigated a range of individual and study level variables for their contribution to variability in response to single and paired-pulse TMS data.Results687 healthy participant’s data were pooled across 35 studies. Target muscle, pulse waveform, neuronavigation use, and TMS machine significantly predicted an individual’s single-pulse TMS amplitude. Baseline motor evoked potential amplitude, motor cortex hemisphere, and motor threshold (MT) significantly predicted short-interval intracortical inhibition response. Baseline motor evoked potential amplitude, test stimulus intensity, interstimulus interval, and MT significantly predicted intracortical facilitation response. Age, hemisphere, and TMS machine significantly predicted MT.ConclusionsThis large-scale analysis has identified a number of factors influencing participants’ responses to single and paired-pulse TMS. We provide specific recommendations to minimise interindividual variability in single and paired-pulse TMS data.SignificanceThis study has used large-scale analyses to give clarity to factors driving variance in TMS data. We hope that this ongoing collaborative approach will increase standardisation of methods and thus the utility of single and paired-pulse TMS.