rhIL-1Ra对恒河猴肾脏毒性的病理组织学观察

目的 观察重组人白介素-1受体拮抗剂(rhIL-1Ra)的毒性靶器官及毒性的严重程度.方法 32只成年恒河猴分为rhIL-1Ra 2mg/(kg·d)(n=6)、10mg/(kg·d)(n=6)和50mg/(kg·d)(n=6)连续给药90天组,10mg/(kg·d)(n=4)连续给药30天组,正常对照组(n=5)和溶剂对照组(n=5).rhIL-1Ra为皮下注射给药,每日1次.观察指标包括一般药物反应、尿八项、心电图、眼底检查、外周血细胞计数及白细胞分类、凝血时间、血清生化、外周血T细胞亚群和猴抗rhIL-1Ra抗体测定、脏器重量和脏器系数、常规病理组织学检查.结果 给药后30天各给药组动物血清非特异性抗体明显升高.rhIL-1Ra 2mg/(kg·d)组其他检测指标均未见明显地改变.rhIL-1Ra 10mg/(kg·d)组给药后90天肾小球毛细血管基底膜明显增厚,但此剂量给药时间为30天时未见任何异常.rhIL-1Ra 50mg/(kg·d)组肾小球及肾小管中蛋白性液体量多,小球毛细血管基底膜增厚更为严重,且停药30天后基底膜增厚程度仍未见明显减轻或改善.结论 rhIL-1Ra的主要毒性靶器官为肾脏,2mg/(kg·d)为安全剂量,10mg/(kg·d)给药30天时为安全剂量,给药90天为恒河猴中毒性剂量,而50mg/(kg·d)为明显的毒性反应剂量,可产生难以恢复的肾脏纤维化.     

多巴胺受体与其他血压调节系统的交互作用在高血压研究中的地位

肾脏是人体负责钠排泄的重要器官,多巴胺由于其强大的抑制肾脏钠重吸收作用而在原发性高血压的发生、发展中发挥重要作用。多巴胺受体的5个亚型均直接或间接通过与其他血压调节系统的交互作用,参与肾脏钠通道或血压的调节。现就多巴胺受体在调节机体血压和肾脏利钠、利尿作用中所发挥的重要作用作一综述。     

Androgen receptors in colorectal adenomas

Summary To evaluate the potential effect of androgens on the development and growth of human colorectal adenomas, the prevalence and concentration of cytosolic androgen receptors (AR) were analysed in 26 adenomas and 19 samples of normal colonic mucosa by a hybrid ligand receptor-binding assay. AR were detected in 7 of the adenomas (26.9%), and in 6 of the normal mucosa samples (31.6%). In the adenomas, AR levels demonstrated were low, ranging from 6 to 31 fmol/mg cytosol protein, and dissociation constants (Kds) ranged from 0.17–2.7x10^-9 M. Of 13 adenomas excised from men, 6 (46%) had positive receptor activity, whereas only 1 of 13 (7.7%) from women was positive (P=0.03, Fisher's exact test). There was no correlation between AR titre and patient age, or between adenoma size and histological type or degree of dysplasia. In normal mucosa, AR levels ranged from 7 to 33 fmol/mg and Kds ranges from 0.24–3.1x10^-9 M. There was no significant difference between either AR prevalence or levels in the adenomas and normal mucosa. The sex difference was exclusive to the adenoma. Endogenous androgen may play a role in adenoma development early in the promotional process.     

Excretory/secretory antigen of Toxocara canis: recognition profiles of polyclonal and larvicidal monoclonal antibodies

Summary Five monoclonal antibodies against the excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen of Toxocara canis were obtained and characterized. Immunoprecipitating activity was demonstrated in an in-vitro micropre-cipitating assay using live T. canis larvae. Their capacity to kill larvae was also shown in an in-vitro assay. Two zones of reactivity were observed in 7.5 and 12.5% SDS-PAGE (177-77 kD, 43-15 kD) of immunoprecipitates of human and mouse positive polyclonal anlisera. The murine monoclonal antibodies showed a common pattern of reactivity with the proteins in the 177-77 kD range.     

曲尼司特对豚鼠肺组织β肾上腺素受体向下调节的影响

用放射配体结合分析法分别测定了正常组、特布他林组、特布他林十曲尼司特组豚鼠的肺组织β受体最大结合力和解离常数,结果显示:给特布他林后豚鼠肺组织β受体发生明显的向下调节.曲尼司特可预防此向下调节的发生.     

The consequences of H2 receptor antagonist — piroxicam coadministration in patients with joint disorders

Summary A randomised crossover study was performed in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (or other arthropathies) to investigate if any alteration in the steady pharmacokinetics of the NSAID piroxicam (a drug which is extensively metabolised via cytochrome P450) or its major metabolites occurred as a result of coadministering either cimetidine or nizatidine.Twelve females and 2 males with mean age, weight, and albumin concentrations of 58 years, 61 kg, and 40 g·L^–1 respectively, completed the study. Comparisons were made between the following parameters: plasma piroxicam AUCs [AUC_0-24(P)], plasma 5-hydroxypiroxicam AUCs [AUC_0-24(5-OHP)], the ratio of these i.e. AUC_0-24(5-OHP):AUC_0-24(p), the % piroxicam daily dose excreted in urine as 5-hydroxypiroxicam (before and after glucuronidase incubation); and the mean of the steady state trough piroxicam, and 5-hydroxypiroxicam concentrations (obtained during each study phase in addition to the wash-out period).A statistically significant difference as a result of initiating either cimetidine or nizatidine was obtained only for the ratio AUC_0-23(5-OHP):AUC_0-24(P). This was indicative of a weak potential to inhibit piroxicam hydroxylation.No clinically significant alteration in the steady state pharmacokinetics of piroxicam occurred in these subjects as a result of cimetidine or nizatidine coadministration. Consequently it is unlikely that any adverse events would arise from these combinations.     

The in vitro pharmacological profile of KR31080, a nonpeptide AT1 receptor antagonist

Summary— KR31080 (2-butyl-5-methyl-6-(1-oxopyridin-2-yl)-3-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b] pyridine) is a potent inhibitor of angiotensin type 1 (AT₁) receptors in rabbit aorta and human recombinant AT₁ receptors. In the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta, KR31080 caused a nonparallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curves to angiotensin II (All) with decreased maximal response (pD'₂ = 10.1 ± 0.1), but had no effect on the contractile response induced by norepinephrine. KR31080 inhibited specific [¹²⁵I]AII binding to rabbit aortic membranes (AT, receptors) and [¹²⁵I][Sar¹, Ile⁸]AII binding to human recombinant AT₁ receptors in a concentration-dependent manner with IC₅₀ values of 0.84 ± 0.08 nM and 1.92 ± 0.15 nM, respectively, but did not inhibit specific [¹²⁵I)AII binding to bovine cerebellum membranes (ÀT₂ receptors). In the Scatchard analysis, KR31080 interacted with rabbit aortic AT₁ receptors in a competitive manner, similar to losartan. These results demonstrate that KR31080 is a potent and AT₁ selective angiotensin receptor antagonist which exerts a competitive antagonism in the [¹²⁵I]AII binding assay and insurmountable AT₁ receptor antagonism in the functional study.     

速激肽受体拮抗剂对白三烯C_4诱导豚鼠气道收缩和微血管渗漏的作用

本实验探讨了内源性速激肽是否参与白三烯Ｃ４（ＬＴＣ４）的气道效应．ＬＴＣ４（０．５μｇｋｇ－１，ｉｖ）可增高豚鼠肺内压（ＩＰＰ）和气道内依文思蓝渗出。速激肽ＮＫ－１受体拮抗剂ＣＰ－９６３４５｛（２Ｓ，３Ｓ）－顺式－２－（二苯甲基）－Ｎ－［（２－甲氧苯）－甲基］－１－杂氮双环［２．２．２］辛烷－３－胺｝１ｍｇｋｇ－１，ｉｖ，可减弱ＬＴＣ４诱导的依文思蓝渗出；ＮＫ－２受体拮抗剂ＳＲ－４８９６８｛（Ｓ）－Ｎ－甲基－Ｎ－［４－（４－乙酰氨基－４－苯基哌啶）－２－（３，４－二氯苯基）丁基］苯甲酰胺｝，１ｍｇｋｇ－１，ｉｖ，可抑制ＩＰＰ的增高．白三烯拮抗剂ＯＮＯ－１０７８（０．０３ｍｇｋｇ－１，ｉｖ）可阻断这两种反应．结果说明内源性速激肽增强ＬＴＣ４的气道作用，其中ＮＫ－１受体介导微血管渗漏，ＮＫ－２受体介导支气管收缩．     

Serotonin-induced increase in cAMP in ganglia isolated from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig small intestine: Mediation by a novel 5-HT receptor

Serotonin (5-HT) is a mediator (through 5-HT_1P receptors) of slow EPSPs in myenteric ganglia of the small intestine. The effect of 5-HT can be mimicked by elevating cAMP; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the slow EPSP-like response to 5-HT is cAMP-mediated. Guinea pig gut was enzymatically dissociated; myenteric ganglia remained intact and were collected by filtration. Neurons in the isolated ganglia retained their ability to manifest the slow EPSP-like response to 5-HT. Exposure to 5-HT raised the ganglionic level of cAMP (ED₅₀ 0.3 μM). This effect was not antagonized by the 5-HT_1P antagonist, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (100.0 μM), or mimicked by the 5-HT_1P agonist, 5-hydroxyindalpine (10.0 μM). Increases in cAMP were also evoked by the 5-HT₁ agonist, 5-carboxyamidotryptamine (10.0 μM), the 5-HT₂ agonist, (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI; 1.0–10.0 μM), and by the 5-HT₄ agonists, renzapride (1.0–10.0 μM) and 5-methoxytryptamine (1.0–10.0 μM); however, neither the 5-HT₁/5-HT₂ antagonists, spiperone, methysergide, and methiothepin, nor the 5-HT₄ antagonist, tropisetron (ICS 205–930; 10.0 μM), were able to inhibit the rise in cAMP evoked by these compounds or by 5-HT (0.1–10.0 μM). The 5-HT-evoked elevation of cAMP was antagonized by ketanserin (10.0 μM), which also blocked the effects of 5-methoxytryptamine and DOI, but not those of renzapride. The effective concentration of DOI, however, was higher than that needed for activation of 5-HT₂ receptors, and Northern analysis using a cDNA probe encoding the rat 5-HT₂ receptor failed to reveal the presence of 5-HT₂ mRNA in myenteric ganglia, although it hybridizes with mRNA of the right size in the guinea pig brain. Compounds that failed to change levels of cAMP or to antagonize the action of 5-HT included 8-hydroxy-di-n-propylamino tetralin, R58639, R88226, and sumatriptan. It is concluded that the receptor responsible for the 5-HT-induced rise in cAMP in ganglia isolated from the guinea pig myenteric plexus is not a known subtype of 5-HT receptor. Since the pharmacology of this novel receptor is different from that of the slow EPSP-like response to 5-HT, the receptor probably does not mediate the slow EPSP. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.